scholarly journals Salinity-Induced Changes of Photosynthetic Performance, Lawsone, VOCs, and Antioxidant Metabolism in Lawsonia inermis L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Basma Najar ◽  
Laura Pistelli ◽  
Ilaria Marchioni ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
Beatrice Muscatello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Induced Changes

The present study aimed to elucidate the salinity influence on the bioactive metabolites of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) plants. Young henna plants were cultivated under salinity stress with two NaCl concentrations (75 mM and 150 mM) in controlled environmental conditions and the leaves were investigated to check their adaptative responses. The modulation of photosynthetic performance to salinity stress was demonstrated by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The partial stomatal closure triggered an enhanced water-use efficiency, and a proline accumulation was observed, leading to an osmotic adjustment. The increased capacity to dissipate the excess excitation energy at photosystem II as heat was associated with changes in chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The higher antioxidant activity at 150 mM salt level suggested its scavenger role on reactive oxygen species (ROS) dissipation and photoprotection. The reduced CO2 uptake and the higher metabolic costs necessary to sustain the henna tolerance mechanism against high NaCl concentration negatively affected lawsone production. Leaf volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed changes in the amount and composition of VOCs with increasing salinity level. Overall, this study revealed efficient physiological and biochemical adaptations of henna leaves to salt stress despite an altered production of important economic metabolites such as lawsone.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis in diverse rice varieties reveals the positive correlation between the seedlings salt tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chang Tsai ◽  
Kuan-Chuan Chen ◽  
Tung-Shan Cheng ◽  
Chuan Lee ◽  
Shih-Hung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters

Abstract Background Photosynthetic efficiency might be a key factor determining plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Plants can sense when growing conditions are not favorable and trigger an internal response at an early stage before showing external symptoms. When a high amount of salt enters the plant cell, the membrane system and function of thylakoids in chloroplasts could be destroyed and affect photosynthetic performance if the salt concentration is not regulated to optimal values. Oryza species have salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes; however, very few studies have investigated the genetic architecture responsible for photosynthetic efficiency under salinity stress in cultivated rice. Results We used an imaging-based chlorophyll fluorometer to monitor eight rice varieties that showed different salt tolerance levels for four consecutive days under control and salt conditions. An analysis of the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters clearly showed the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII in sensitive varieties was significantly reduced after NaCl treatment when compared to tolerant varieties. A panel of 232 diverse rice accessions was then analyzed for chlorophyll fluorescence under salt conditions, the results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as F0 and NPQ were higher in Japonica subspecies, ΦPSII of Indica varieties was higher than that in other subgroups, which suggested that the variation in photosynthetic efficiency was extensively regulated under salt treatment in diverse cultivated rice. Two significant regions on chromosome 5 were identified to associate with the fraction of open PSII centers (qL) and the minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (F0). These regions harbored genes related to senescence, chloroplast biogenesis and response to salt stress are of interest for future functional characterization to determine their roles in regulating photosynthesis. Conclusions Rice plant is very sensitive to salinity stress, especially at young seedling stage. Our work identified the distribution pattern of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in seedlings leaf and their correlations with salt tolerance level in a diverse gene pool. We also revealed the complexity of the genetic architecture regulating rice seedling photosynthetic performance under salinity stress, the germplasm analyzed in this study and the associated genetic information could be utilized in rice breeding program.

Salt tolerance of the halophyte Limonium delicatulum is more associated with antioxidant enzyme activities than phenolic compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souid Aymen ◽  
Gabriele Morena ◽  
Longo Vincenzo ◽  
Pucci Laura ◽  
Bellani Lorenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Nacl Concentration

In this work we studied the effect of salinity (ranging from 50 to 500 mM NaCl) on the physiological and the antioxidant responses of the local halophyte Limonium delicatulum Kuntze. We based our analysis on 12 biochemical assays that are commonly used to measure the antioxidant responses under stress such as oxidative stress markers, enzymes activities and polyphenolic compounds. Our aim was to study parameters that are strongly correlated with the growth response to salinity. Results showed two different growth responses depending on the concentration of NaCl in the medium. Under 50 to 200 mM, the growth was stimulated before it decreased significantly at 300–500 mM. L. delicatulum revealed a good aptitude to maintain photosynthetic machinery by increasing the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, which is essential for the stabilisation of photosystems and the photosynthesis process under optimal NaCl concentration. Their breakdown at higher salinity decreased the photosynthetic performance of plants resulting in growth inhibition. Moreover, to reduce the damaging effect of oxidative stress and to tolerate the accumulation of salt ions, L. delicatulum induced the activities of their antioxidant enzymes more than their contents in polyphenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Hormonal and Hydroxycinnamic Acids Profiles in Banana Leaves in Response to Various Periods of Water Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalel Mahouachi ◽  
María F. López-Climent ◽  
Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The pattern of change in the endogenous levels of several plant hormones and hydroxycinnamic acids in addition to growth and photosynthetic performance was investigated in banana plants (Musa acuminatacv. “Grand Nain”) subjected to various cycles of drought. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for six periods with subsequent rehydration. Data showed an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, a transient increase in salicylic acid (SA) concentration, and no changes in jasmonic acid (JA) after each period of drought. Moreover, the levels of ferulic (FA) and cinnamic acids (CA) were increased, and plant growth and leaf gas exchange parameters were decreased by drought conditions. Overall, data suggest an involvement of hormones and hydroxycinnamic acids in plant avoidance of tissue dehydration. The increase in IAA concentration might alleviate the senescence of survival leaves and maintained cell elongation, and the accumulation of FA and CA could play a key role as a mechanism of photoprotection through leaf folding, contributing to the effect of ABA on inducing stomatal closure. Data also suggest that the role of SA similarly to JA might be limited to a transient and rapid increase at the onset of the first period of stress.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under Salt Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Su Kim ◽  
Soon-Jae Kwon ◽  
Do Manh Cuong ◽  
Jin Jeon ◽  
Jong Seok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Ion Imbalance

Salinity stress affects plants by reducing the water potential and causing ion imbalance or disturbances in ion homeostasis and toxicity. Salinity stress frequently causes both osmotic and ionic stress in plants, resulting in the increase or decrease of certain secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, the effect of NaCl treatment on the nutritional quality of tartary buckwheat plants was studied by conducting an HPLC analysis of phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin content. It was observed that there was no significant change of color in tartary buckwheat during salt treatment. The accumulation of most phenylpropanoid compounds increased slightly in response to the NaCl concentration. The total phenylpropanoid content in tartary buckwheat was the highest at 100 mM NaCl treatment. Seven-day-old wheat plantlets treated with 100 mM NaCl for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days showed the highest accumulation of total phenylpropanoids at day 8 after treatment, while the content of most phenylpropanoids was higher than that in the control during this period. Although the development of tartary buckwheat slightly decreased with NaCl treatment and the accumulation of anthocyanin compounds did not change in plants with a diffident NaCl concentration and time treatment, the results suggest that the salinity treatment of tartary buckwheat causes antioxidant activity improvement by inducing an accumulation of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. However, since the anthocyanin content did not increase, the antioxidant effect of the treatment is not expected to be significant.

Sensitivity of Photosystems II to NaCl in Relation to Salinity Tolerance. Comparative Studies With Thylakoids of the Salt Tolerant Mangrove, Avicennia marina, and the Salt-Sensitive Pea, Pisum sativum

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Ball ◽  
JM Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Oxygen Evolving ◽  
Species Being

The sensitivity of photosystem II to NaCl was compared in thylakoids isolated from the salt-tolerant mangrove, Avicennia marina, and the salt-sensitive pea, Pisum sativum. There were no indications of fundamental differences in photosystem II between these two species. Rates of oxygen evolution declined linearly with increase in NaCl from 10 to 500 mol m-3, with both species being equally sensitive. The NaCl-induced changes in Chl a fluorescence characteristics of intact thylakoids were substantially reversed by addition of hydroxylamine, indicating that the water-oxidizing site of photosystem II is sensitive to the NaCl concentration. These results are consistent with NaCl-induced depletion of the 23 and 17 kDa proteins from photosystem II-enriched membrane sheets. While the inhibition of oxygen-evolving activity by 500 mol m-3 NaCl was substantially reversed in thylakoids kept in the dark, 500 mol m-3 NaCl induced marked photoinhibitory damage in illuminated thylakoids. Thus, accumulation of ions in the chloroplasts of either salt-tolerant or salt-sensitive species would probably result in rapid damage to photosystem II, particularly in the light.

scholarly journals The relationship between citrulline accumulation and salt tolerance during the vegetative growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Dasgan ◽  
S. Kusvuran ◽  
K. Abak ◽  
L. Leport ◽  
F. Larher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Final Amount

Citrulline has been recently shown to behave as a novel compatible solute in the <i>Citrullus lanatus</i> (<i>Cucurbitaceae</i>) growing under desert conditions. In the present study we have investigated some aspects of the relationship which might occur in leaves of melon seedlings, also known to produce citrulline, between the capacity to accumulate this ureido amino acid and salt tolerance. With this end in view, salt-induced changes at the citrulline level have been compared in two melon genotypes exhibiting contrasted abilities to withstand the damaging effects of high salinity. Progressive salinization of the growing solution occurred at 23 days after sowing. The final 250 mmol/l external NaCl concentration was reached within 5 days and further maintained for 16 days. In response to this treatment, it was found that the citrulline amount increased in fully expanded leaves of both genotypes according to different kinetics. The salt tolerant genotype Midyat was induced to accumulate citrulline 4 days before the salt sensitive Yuva and as a consequence the final amount of this amino acid was twice higher in the former than in the latter. Compared with citrulline, the free proline level was found to be relatively low and the changes induced in response to the salt treatment exhibited different trends according to the genotypes under study. Thus at the end of the treatment mature leaves of the salt sensitive Yuva contained higher amount of proline than those of Midyat. The changes in the calculated molar ratio between citrulline and free proline suggested that salt tolerance might be associated with high values for this ratio and vice et versa for sensitivity. The interest of citrulline as a biochemical marker for salt tolerance of melon genotypes is discussed.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Wild and Cultivated Barley to the Interactive Effect of Salinity and Iron Deficiency

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeh Yousfi ◽  
Hayet Houmani ◽  
Fethia Zribi ◽  
Chedly Abdelly ◽  
Mohamed Gharsalli
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Iron Limitation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Nacl Concentration

Literature on the separate effects of salinity and inadequate Fe supply on plant growth and nutrient uptake, concentration, and distribution is abundant but little is known about the interactive effects of these two abiotic constraints. Here, we investigated the interactive effect of iron availability and salinity on physiological responses of cultivated and wild barley (Hordeum vulgare and H. maritimum resp.). Seedlings of both species were grown for 9 days, under complete nutrient solution with or without iron supply. Then, NaCl treatment was applied at different concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM) for 60 hours. After salt exposure, shoot water content of H. vulgare was significantly reduced as compared to H. maritimum. Furthermore, Na+ accumulation in shoots increased parallel to increasing NaCl concentration in the medium. However, the increase was significantly higher in H. vulgare than in H. maritimum. These responses were associated with lower Fe absorption efficiency photosynthetic parameters in both species. The reduction was significantly higher in cultivated than in wild barley. Moreover, phytosiderophore exudation was enhanced in both species by direct (iron free medium) or indirect iron limitation (salt-induced iron limitation). Such a stimulation of phytosiderophore release was genotype and salt level dependant.

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