scholarly journals Improve the Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesives by a Polyurethane Elastomer

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yecheng Xu ◽  
Yantao Xu ◽  
Wenjie Zhu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomer ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Thermo Stability ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking

The purpose of this study was to improve the performance of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesives using a polyurethane elastomer. Triglycidylamine (TGA), SPI, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), and γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) were used to develop a novel SPI-based adhesive. The residual rate, functional groups, thermal stability, and fracture surface micrographs of the cured adhesives were characterized. Three-ply plywood was fabricated, and the dry/wet shear strength was determined. The experimental results suggested that introducing 2% TGA improved the residual rate of the SPI/TGA adhesive by 4.1% because of the chemical cross-linking reaction between epoxy groups and protein molecules. Incorporating 7% TPU into the SPI/TGA adhesive, the residual rate of the adhesive increased by 5.2% and the dry/wet shear strength of plywood bonded by SPI/TGA/TPU adhesive increased by 10.7%/67.7%, respectively, compared with that of SPI/TGA adhesive. When using KH-560 and TPU together, the residual rate of the adhesive improved by 0.9% compared with that of SPI/TGA/TPU adhesive. The dry and wet shear strength of the plywood bonded by the SPI/TGA/TPU/KG-560 adhesive further increased by 23.2% and 23.6% respectively when compared with that of SPI/TGA/TPU adhesive. TPU physically combined with the SPI/TGA adhesive to form a interpenetration network and KH-560 acted as a bridge to connect TPU and SPI/TGA to form a joined crosslinking network, which improved the thermo stability/toughness of the adhesive and created a uniform ductile fracture section of the adhesive.

scholarly journals The Effect of Enzymolysis on Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesive

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantao Xu ◽  
Yecheng Xu ◽  
Yufei Han ◽  
Mingsong Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

In this study, bromelain was used to break soy protein molecules into polypeptide chains, and triglycidylamine (TGA) was added to develop a bio-adhesive. The viscosity, residual rate, functional groups, thermal behavior, and fracture surface of different adhesives were measured. A three-ply plywood was fabricated and evaluated. The results showed that using 0.1 wt% bromelain improved the soy protein isolate (SPI) content of the adhesive from 12 wt% to 18 wt%, with viscosity remaining constant, but reduced the residual rate by 9.6% and the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood by 69.8%. After the addition of 9 wt% TGA, the residual rate of the SPI/bromelain/TGA adhesive improved by 13.7%, and the wet shear strength of the resultant plywood increased by 681.3% relative to that of the SPI/bromelain adhesive. The wet shear strength was 30.2% higher than that of the SPI/TGA adhesive, which was attributed to the breakage of protein molecules into polypeptide chains. This occurrence led to (1) the formation of more interlocks with the wood surface during the curing process of the adhesive and (2) the exposure and reaction of more hydrophilic groups with TGA to produce a denser cross-linked network in the adhesive. This denser network exhibited enhanced thermal stability and created a ductile fracture surface after the enzymatic hydrolysis process.

Preparation of Denatured Alcohol-Modified SPI-Based Adhesive

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 987-990
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Ban ◽  
Hai Feng Zhu ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Environment Friendly

An environment-friendly soy protein isolate (SPI)-based adhesive for wood was prepared using denatured alcohol-modified SPI, calcium hydroxide and sodium silicate. On the basis of the single factor test results, an orthogonal test of 4 elements and 3 levels was carried out to optimize formula ingredients. The modified SPI adhesive contained more calcium hydroxide than unmodified SPI adhesive and exhibited good performance. The shear strength of the specimen bonded with the modified adhesive was 82.3 MPa; after three cycles of water-soaking and air-drying, the decrease in shear strength was as low as 7.9%.

scholarly journals Rheology and Water Absorption Properties of Alginate–Soy Protein Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807
Author(s):  
Estefanía Álvarez-Castillo ◽  
José Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Carlos Bengoechea ◽  
María Luisa López-Castejón ◽  
Antonio Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Guluronic Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anionic Polysaccharides ◽  
Porous Matrices

Composite materials based on proteins and carbohydrates normally offer improved water solubility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which make them attractive for a wide range of applications. Soy protein isolate (SPI) has shown superabsorbent properties that are useful in fields such as agriculture. Alginate salts (ALG) are linear anionic polysaccharides obtained at a low cost from brown algae, displaying a good enough biocompatibility to be considered for medical applications. As alginates are quite hydrophilic, the exchange of ions from guluronic acid present in its molecular structure with divalent cations, particularly Ca2+, may induce its gelation, which would inhibit its solubilization in water. Both biopolymers SPI and ALG were used to produce composites through injection moulding using glycerol (Gly) as a plasticizer. Different biopolymer/plasticizer ratios were employed, and the SPI/ALG ratio within the biopolymer fraction was also varied. Furthermore, composites were immersed in different CaCl2 solutions to inhibit the amount of soluble matter loss and to enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting porous matrices. The main goal of the present work was the development and characterization of green porous matrices with inhibited solubility thanks to the gelation of alginate.

Glycation of Soy Protein Isolate with two ketoses: D‐Allulose and Fructose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Tas ◽  
Ulku Ertugrul ◽  
Mecit Halil Oztop ◽  
Bekir Gokcen Mazı
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-modified montmorillonite uniting ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to reinforce protein-based composite films

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Hua He ◽  
Rui-jing Jia ◽  
Kai-qiang Dong ◽  
Jia-wen Huang ◽  
Zhi-yong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Protein Film ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite

Abstract A novel biodegradable protein-based material (UMSPIE) that consists of natural polymer soy protein isolate (SPI), ultrasonic-modified montmorillonite (UMMT), and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was produced by solution casting. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure and micro-morphologies of as-synthesized protein-based composite films. The results showed that the interlayer structure of MMT was destroyed by ultrasonic treatment, and the hydrogen bonding between SPI chains and the ultrasound-treated MMT plates was enhanced. The synergistic effect of UMMT and EGDE on SPI molecules made the network structure of the UMSPIE film denser. In addition, the mechanical and barrier properties of the as-synthesized films were explored. Compared with pure soy protein film, the tensile strength of the UMSPIE film has an increase of 266.82% (increasing from 4.4 to 16.14 MPa). From the above, the modified strategy of layered silicates filling combining crosslinking agents is considered as an effective method to improve the functional properties of bio-based polymer composites.

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