scholarly journals On the Gas Storage Properties of 3D Porous Carbons Derived from Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Gatti ◽  
Mina Errahali ◽  
Lorenzo Tei ◽  
Maurizio Cossi ◽  
Leonardo Marchese
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbons

The preparation of porous carbons by post-synthesis treatment of hypercrosslinked polymers is described, with a careful physico-chemical characterization, to obtain new materials for gas storage and separation. Different procedures, based on chemical and thermal activations, are considered; they include thermal treatment at 380 °C, and chemical activation with KOH followed by thermal treatment at 750 or 800 °C; the resulting materials are carefully characterized in their structural and textural properties. The thermal treatment at temperature below decomposition (380 °C) maintains the polymer structure, removing the side-products of the polymerization entrapped in the pores and improving the textural properties. On the other hand, the carbonization leads to a different material, enhancing both surface area and total pore volume—the textural properties of the final porous carbons are affected by the activation procedure and by the starting polymer. Different chemical activation methods and temperatures lead to different carbons with BET surface area ranging between 2318 and 2975 m2/g and pore volume up to 1.30 cc/g. The wise choice of the carbonization treatment allows the final textural properties to be finely tuned by increasing either the narrow pore fraction or the micro- and mesoporous volume. High pressure gas adsorption measurements of methane, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide of the most promising material are investigated, and the storage capacity for methane is measured and discussed.

Synthesis and Characterization of Green Porous Carbons with Large Surface Area by Two Step Chemical Activation with KOH

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Mohammed Jibril ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Hamza Usman Dadum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis

Porous carbons were synthesized from coconut shell using chemical activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). N2 adsorption isotherm analysis for BET surface area and pore volume of the synthesized porous carbon were carried out. The Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume are 1646 m2/g, 1353 m2/g and 0.6 cm3/g, respectively. From the FTIR analysis, hydroxyls, alkenes, carbonyls and aromatics functional groups were identified. The proximate and ultimate analysis shows high percentage of carbon and less ash content which indicates a good precursor material for porous carbon. The carbonization temperature and time were also varied to observe their effect on the yield of char, with carbonization at 7000C for 2 h having highest yield of 32%.

scholarly journals An Eco-Friendly Process for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heman A. Smail ◽  
Kafia M. Shareef ◽  
Zainab H. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Barley Husk

The adsorption of lead (Pb II) ion on different types of synthesized zeolite was investigated. The BET surface area, total pore volume & average pore size distribution of these synthesized zeolites were determined by adsorption isotherms for N2, the surface area & total pore volume of their sources were found by adsorption isothermN2.The adsorption equilibrium was measured after 24h at room temperature (RT) & concentration 10mg.L-1 of Pb (II) was used. The adsorption of heavy metal Pb (II) on four different prepared zeolites (LTA from Montmorillonite clay, FAU(Y)-B.H (G2) from Barley husk, Mordenite (G1) from Chert rock, FAU(X)-S.C (G3) from shale clay & modified Shale clay by oxalic acid (N1) & sodium hydroxide (N2)), were compared with the adsorption of their sources by using static batch experimental method. The major factors affecting the heavy metal ion sorption on different synthesized zeolites & their sources were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium capacity (Qm) of Pb (II) ion for different synthesized zeolites ordered from (N1>N2>LTA>G3>G2>G1&for their sources ordered Shale clay >Montmorilonite> Barley husk>Chert rock. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used for analysis of lead heavy metal ion, the obtained results in this study showed that the different synthesized zeolites were efficient ion exchanges for removing heavy metal, in particular, the modified zeolite from shale clay by oxalic acid.

scholarly journals Surface and Catalytic Properties of γ-Irradiated Cr2O3/Al2O3 Solids

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. El-Shobaky ◽  
A.M. Ghozza ◽  
G.M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Γ Rays

Two samples of Cr2O3/Al2O3 were prepared by mixing a known mass of finely powdered Al(OH)3 with a calculated amount of CrO3 solid followed by drying at 120°C and calcination at 400°C. The amounts of chromium oxide employed were 5.66 and 20 mol% Cr2O3, respectively. The calcined solid specimens were then treated with different doses of γ-rays (20–160 Mrad). The surface and catalytic properties of the different irradiated solids were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2 at 300–400°C. The results revealed that γ-rays brought about a slight decrease in the BET surface area, SBET (15%), and in the total pore volume, Vp (20%), of the adsorbent containing 5.66 mol% Cr2O3. The same treatment increased the total pore volume, Vp (36%), and the mean pore radius, r̄ (43%), of the other adsorbent sample without changing its BET surface area. The catalytic activities of both catalyst samples were found to increase as a function of dose, reaching a maximum value at 80–160 Mrad and 40 Mrad for the solids containing 5.66 and 20 mol% Cr2O3, respectively. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity measured at 300°C was 59% and 100% for the first and second catalyst samples, respectively. The induced effect of γ-irradiation on the catalytic activity was an increase in the concentration of catalytically active sites taking part in chemisorption and in the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2 without changing their energetic nature. This was achieved by a progressive removal of surface hydroxy groups during the irradiation process.

scholarly journals Carbonization Temperature Effect over Activated Carbon Porosity Derived from Industrial Processing Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Hasan Sayğılı
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Industrial Processing

The influence of carbonization temperature (CT) on pore properties of the prepared activated carbon using lentil processing waste product (LWP) impregnated with potassium carbonate was studied. Activated carbons (ACs) were obtained by impregnation with 3:1 ratio (w/w) K2CO3/LWP under different carbonization temperatures at 600, 700, 800 and 900 oC for 1h. Activation at low temperature represented that micropores were developed first and then mesoporosity developed, enhanced up to 800 oC and then started to decrease due to possible shrinking of pores. The optimum temperature for LWP was found to be around 800 oC on the basis of total pore volume and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The optimum LWPAC sample was found with a CT of 800 oC, which gives the highest BET surface area and pore volume of 1875 m2/g and 0.995 cm3/g, respectively.

scholarly journals The Synthesis of a Novel Tröger Base Polymer of 2,6(7)-Diamino-9,9,10,10-Tetramethyl-9,10-Dihydroanthracene

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2661-2666
Author(s):  
Sadiq A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Base Polymer

Condensation polymerisation technique has been employed to synthesise a Novel Tröger base polymer with thermal stability and microporosity. The synthesis process starts with alkylating anthracene, then nitrating and reducing this to produce the monomer. A Tröger base polymer is obtained by polymerising the monomer to afford a white polymer with good solubility into dichloromethane and chloroform, good thermal stability to ~377oC and a good BET surface area of 368.6 m2/g with a total pore volume of 0.4166 ml/g.

CuO/CeO2 and CuO/PrO2-CeO2 Catalysts for Preferential Oxidation of CO

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jun Zhao ◽  
Ruo Yu Wang ◽  
Qian Long Zhao ◽  
En Peng Wang ◽  
Hai Quan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Oxidation Of Co ◽  
Preferential Oxidation Of Co ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The CuO/CeO2and CuO/PrO2-CeO2catalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method, and characterized via XRD, SEM and N2adsorption-desorption techniques. The study shows that the BET surface area and pore volume of the CuO/PrO2-CeO2catalysts increase with the increase of praseodymium content. The CuO/CeO2catalyst presents higher catalytic activity in compare with the CuO/PrO2-CeO2catalysts although the addition of praseodymium promotes textural properties of the CuO/CeO2catalysts, and it proves that the interaction of CuO and CeO2has a crucial role in CO-PROX.

Experimental Research on the Preparation of Porous Activated Carbon from Orange Wastes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1907-1910
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Heat Preservation

Porous activated carbon was prepared from orange wastes using zinc chloride as an activating agent by one-step carbonization method. Effects of impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature and heat preservation time on pore characteristics of activated carbon were studied. The porous structures of the orange wastes activated carbon were investigated by BET, D-R equations, BJH equations and Kelvin theory. The morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mesoporous activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 3:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has total pore volume 2.098 cm3/g, mesoporous pore volume 1.438 cm3/g, with a high BET surface area 1476m2/g. The pore distribution of the mesoporous activated carbon is very concentrative, with average pore diameter of 3.88nm. While, the high specific surface area activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 2:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has high BET surface area 1909 m2/g, while the total pore volume is only 1.448cm3/g and microporous pore volume is 0.889cm3/g, with average pore diameter of 2.29 nm.

scholarly journals Biomass-Derived Porous Carbons Derived from Soybean Residues for High Performance Solid State Supercapacitors

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ying Chung ◽  
Guan-Ting Pan ◽  
Zhong-Yun Hong ◽  
Chun-Tsung Hsu ◽  
Siewhui Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor

A series of heteroatom-containing porous carbons with high surface area and hierarchical porosity were successfully prepared by hydrothermal, chemical activation, and carbonization processes from soybean residues. The initial concentration of soybean residues has a significant impact on the textural and surface functional properties of the obtained biomass-derived porous carbons (BDPCs). SRAC5 sample with a BET surface area of 1945 m2 g−1 and a wide micro/mesopore size distribution, nitrogen content of 3.8 at %, and oxygen content of 15.8 at % presents the best electrochemical performance, reaching 489 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 6 M LiNO3 aqueous solution. A solid-state symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device delivers a specific capacitance of 123 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high energy density of 68.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1 kW kg−1 with a wide voltage window of 2.0 V and maintains good cycling stability of 89.9% capacitance retention at 2A g−1 (over 5000 cycles). The outstanding electrochemical performances are ascribed to the synergistic effects of the high specific surface area, appropriate pore distribution, favorable heteroatom functional groups, and suitable electrolyte, which facilitates electrical double-layer and pseudocapacitive mechanisms for power and energy storage, respectively.

Preparation and TG/DTG, FT-IR, SEM, BET Surface Area, Iodine Number and Methylene Blue Number Analysis of Activated Carbon from Pistachio Shells by Chemical Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kaya ◽  
Ömer Şahin ◽  
Cafer Saka
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pistachio Shell

AbstractIn this study, low cost activated carbon was prepared from the pistachio shell by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The prepared activated carbon was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analyses. Results showed that the activation temperature and impregnation ratio have significant effect on the iodine number of the prepared activated carbon. The optimum conditions for preparing the activated carbon having the highest surface area were found to be an activation temperature of 700 °C, soaking time of 24 h and ZnCl2/ pistachio shell ratio of 50 %. The results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume, iodine number and methylene blue (MB) number of activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions were 1108 m2/g, 0.39 cm3/g, 1051 mg/g, 98.48 mg/g, respectively.

Modulated Synthesis of UiO-67 for High Resistance to CH2Cl2

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
Long Yang ◽  
Li Xian Sun ◽  
Fen Xu ◽  
Yong Jin Zou ◽  
Hai Liang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Heating Method

UiO-67 has been synthesized by using the acetic acid as a template via conventional electric (CE) heating method. With the same adding of acetic acid, different crystallinity and pore structure are obtained through change the order of addition of acetic acid. The BET surface area and total pore volume are 2861 m2 g-1 and 1.14 cm3 g-1 for of CE-0-3, and 1650 m2 g-1 and 0.67 m2 g-1 for CE-1-2, respectively. Although CE-0-3 has a better crystallinity, higher BET surface area and total pore volume than those of CE-1-2, CE-1-2 presents a better resistance to CH2Cl2 than CE-0-3.

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