scholarly journals Influence of Polyphosphates on the Physicochemical Properties of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) after Irradiation with Ultraviolet Light

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi ◽  
Hind A. Satar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Three new polyphosphates were synthesized in good yields by reacting diethylenetriamine with the appropriate phosphate ester in ethanol under acidic conditions. The polyphosphate structures were determined using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, and their elemental compositions were confirmed by EDX spectroscopy. Polyphosphates were added to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at low concentrations to fabricate thin films. The PVC films were irradiated with ultraviolet light for long periods, and the effect of polyphosphates as the photostabilizer was investigated by determining changes in the infrared spectra (intensity of specific functional group peaks), reduction in molecular weight, weight loss, and surface morphology. Minimal changes were seen for PVC films containing polyphosphate compared to that for the blank film. In addition, optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopies were used to inspect the surface morphology of films. Undesirable changes due to photodegradation were negligible in PVC films containing additives compared to films containing no additives. In addition, the surfaces were smoother and more homogeneous. Polyphosphates, and in particular ones that contain an ortho-geometry, act as efficient photostabilizers to reduce the rate of photodegradation. Polyphosphates absorb ultraviolet light, chelate with polymeric chains, scavenge radical moieties, and decompose peroxide residues.

scholarly journals The Morphology and Performance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Containing Melamine Schiff Bases against Ultraviolet Light

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal El-Hiti ◽  
Mohammad Alotaibi ◽  
Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
Basheer Hamad ◽  
Dina Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Polymeric Surface ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
And Performance

Five Schiff bases derived from melamine have been used as efficient additives to reduce the process of photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride) films. The performance of Schiff bases has been investigated using various techniques. Poly(vinyl chloride) films containing Schiff bases were irradiated with ultraviolet light and any changes in their infrared spectra, weight, and the viscosity of their average molecular weight were investigated. In addition, the surface morphology of the films was inspected using a light microscope, atomic force microscopy, and a scanning electron micrograph. The additives enhanced the films resistance against irradiation and the polymeric surface was much smoother in the presence of the Schiff bases compared with the blank film. Schiff bases containing an ortho-hydroxyl group on the aryl rings showed the greatest photostabilization effect, which may possibly have been due to the direct absorption of ultraviolet light. This phenomenon seems to involve the transfer of a proton as well as several intersystem crossing processes.

scholarly journals Additives Aid Switch to Protect the Photodegradation of Plastics in Outdoor Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Salam A. Mohammed ◽  
Rahimi M. Yusop ◽  
Mohammed Abdulsattar Mohammed ◽  
Rasheed Abed Mohammed ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Leaching Test ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Effective Additive ◽  
Scanning Electron

Poly(vinyl chloride) photodecomposition films that contains melamine Schiff base (0.5% by weight) as photostabilizers upon preservation with an ultraviolet light (UV) was investigated. The photodecomposition rate constant was reduced significantly in existence of melamine Schiff base compared to PVC (blank). The Schiff base 1 was found to most effective additive in PVC photostabilization films. Photodecomposition rate content for PVC films containing Schiff base 1 was found to be 5 × 10-3 sec-1 compared to 8.7 × 10-3 sec-1 for blank film. Ultraviolet radiation aging behaviors of PVC films were studied through leaching test by measuring the degree of migration. The surface morphology of PVC films was inspected by scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Tin Complexes Containing an Atenolol Moiety as Photostabilizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Baneen Salam ◽  
Gamal A. El-Hiti ◽  
Muna Bufaroosha ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Tin Complexes ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Loss Determination ◽  
Surface Changes

The lifetime of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) can be increased through the addition of additives to provide protection against irradiation. Therefore, several new tin complexes containing atenolol moieties were synthesized and their photostabilizing effect on PVC was investigated. Reacting atenolol with a number of tin reagents in boiling methanol provided high yields of tin complexes. PVC was then mixed with the tin complexes at a low concentration, producing polymeric thins films. The films were irradiated with ultraviolet light and the resulting damage was assessed using different analytical and surface morphology techniques. Infrared spectroscopy and weight loss determination indicated that the films incorporating tin complexes incurred less damage and less surface changes compared to the blank film. In particular, the triphenyltin complex was very effective in enhancing the photostability of PVC, and this is due to its high aromaticity (three phenyl rings) compared to other complexes. Such an additive acts as a hydrogen chloride scavenger, radical absorber, and hydroperoxide decomposer.

Stabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Containing Captopril Tin Complexes against Degradation upon Exposure to Ultraviolet Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-612
Author(s):  
Alabbas Majeed ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Gamal A. El‐Hiti ◽  
Dina S. Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Tin Complexes

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Di-Mannitol Adipate Ester-Based Zinc Metal Alkoxide as a Bi-Functional Additive for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuepeng Li ◽  
Degang Li ◽  
Wenyuan Han ◽  
Manqi Zhang ◽  
Bing Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dynamic Processing ◽  
Almost All

A new di-mannitol adipate ester-based zinc metal alkoxide (DMAE-Zn) was synthesized as a bi-functional poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) thermal stabilizer for the first time. The materials were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterization results confirmed the formation of Zn–O bonds in DMAE-Zn, and confirmed that DMAE-Zn had a high decomposition temperature and a low melting point. The thermal stability of DMAE-Zn on PVC also was tested by a conductivity test, a thermal aging test, and a UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) test. PVC stabilized by DMAE-Zn had a good initial color and excellent long-term stability. UV-VIS also showed that the conjugated structure in PVC stabilized by DMAE-Zn was almost all of the triene, suggesting that the addition of DMAE-Zn would suppress the formation of conjugated structures above tetraene. The dynamic processing performance of PVC samples tested by torque rheometer indicated that, having a good compatibility with PVC chains in the amorphous regions, DMAE-Zn contributed a good plasticizing effect to PVC. DMAE-Zn thus effectively demonstrates bi-functional roles, e.g., thermal stabilizers and plasticizers to PVC. Furthermore, FT-IR, a HCl absorption capacity test, and a complex ZnCl2 test were also used to verify the thermal stability mechanism of DMAE-Zn for PVC.

Improving the Photostabilization of Poly(vinyl chloride) Using 4-(benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide Tin Complex

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghani ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Mohammed Kadhom ◽  
Waled Abdo Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Rahimi Yusop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Viscosity Change ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The photostabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) film filled with an organotin complex in its structure was examined and compared with the blank PVC film. The organotin (IV) complex that contains 4-(benzylideneamino) benzenesulfonamide as a ligand was synthesized and applied as a PVC photostabilizer. The impact of the complex on the polymer was assessed by comparing the properties of the films with and without the complex, before and after irradiation, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, viscosity change, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that the complex film had lower weight loss, gel content, and molecular weight deterioration than the plain PVC film. Also, surfaces of the complexes-filled films were smoother, less lumpy, and more homogeneous. These findings were obtained via the FE-SEM and light microscope images and confirmed by measuring the roughness factor. The organotin (IV) complex proved its activity in delaying the photo-degradation of PVC by several mechanisms. Ultimately, the Tin complex has effectively protected the PVC film against irradiation. The photostabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) film filled with an organotin complex in its structure was examined and compared with the blank PVC film. The organotin (IV) complex that contains 4-(benzylideneamino) benzenesulfonamide as a ligand was synthesized and applied as a PVC photostabilizer. The impact of the complex on the polymer was assessed by comparing the properties of the films with and without the complex, before and after irradiation, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, viscosity change, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that the complex film had lower weight loss, gel content, and molecular weight deterioration than the plain PVC film. Also, surfaces of the complexes-filled films were smoother, less lumpy, and more homogeneous. These findings were obtained via the FE-SEM and light microscope images and confirmed by measuring the roughness factor. The organotin (IV) complex proved its activity in delaying the photo-degradation of PVC by several mechanisms. Ultimately, the Tin complex has effectively protected the PVC film against irradiation.

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