Towards Next-Generation Sustainable Composites Made of Recycled Rubber, Cenospheres, and Biobinder

The utilisation of industrial residual products to develop new value-added materials and reduce their environmental footprint is one of the critical challenges of science and industry. Development of new multifunctional and bio-based composite materials is an excellent opportunity for the effective utilisation of residual industrial products and a right step in the Green Deal’s direction as approved by the European Commission. Keeping the various issues in mind, we describe the manufacturing and characterisation of the three-component bio-based composites in this work. The key components are a bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber (DCR) from used tyres, and part of the fly ash, i.e., the cenosphere (CS). The three-phase composites were prepared in the form of a block to investigate their mechanical properties and density, and in the form of granules for the determination of the sorption of water and oil products. We also investigated the properties’ dependence on the DCR and CS fraction. It was found that the maximum compression strength (in block form) observed for the composition without CS and DCR addition was 79.3 MPa, while the second-highest value of compression strength was 11.2 MPa for the composition with 27.3 wt.% of CS. For compositions with a bio-binder content from 17.4 to 55.8 wt.%, and with DCR contents ranging from 11.0 to 62.0 wt.%, the compressive strength was in the range from 1.1 to 2.0 MPa. Liquid-sorption analysis (water and diesel) showed that the maximum saturation of liquids, in both cases, was set after 35 min and ranged from 1.05 to 1.4 g·g −1 for water, and 0.77 to 1.25 g·g−1 for diesel. It was observed that 90% of the maximum saturation with diesel fuel came after 10 min and for water after 35 min.

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Towards Next Generation Sustainable Rubber Composites from Biobinder Made of Homogenised Peat

10.20944/preprints202012.0601.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kristine Irtiseva ◽

Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis ◽

Viktors Mironovs ◽

Jurijs Ozolins ◽

Vijay Kumar Thakur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Value Added ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Binder Content ◽

Rubber Composites ◽

Block Form ◽

Composites Materials ◽

Three Phase

The utilisation of the industrial residual products to develop new value-added materials and to reduce footprint is one of the critical challenges of science and industry. Development of the new multifunctional and bio-based composites materials is an excellent opportunity for the effective utilisation of industrial residual products. Keeping the different issues in mind, in this work, we describe the manufacturing and characterisation of the three-phases bio-based composites. The key components are bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber (DCR) from used tires and part of the fly ash, i.e. the cenosphere (CS). The three-phase composite prepared in the form of a block were investigated for their mechanical properties and density. The three-phase composite was prepared in the form a) of a block were investigated for their mechanical properties, and density and b) a form of granules for determination of the water and oil products sorption were investigated. We have also investigated the dependence of the properties on the DCR and CS fraction. It has been found, that maximum compression strength (in block form) observed for composition without CS and DCR addition was- 79.3 MPa, while the second-highest value of compression strength is 11.2 MPa for composition with 27.3 wt% of CS. For compositions with bio binder content from 17.4 to 55.8 wt% and with DCR contents in range from 11.0 to 62.0 wt%, the compression strength is in the range from 1.1 to 2.0 MPa. Liquid sorption analysis (water and diesel) showed that the maximum saturation of liquids in both cases is set after 35 minutes and ranges from 1.05 to 1.4 g·g -1 for water and 0.77 to 1.25 g·g-1 for diesel. It was noted that 90% of the maximum saturation with diesel fuel comes after 10 minutes and for water after 35 minutes.

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Utilisation of Bio-binder Made of Homogenised Peat in Crumb Rubber-containing Composites

10.20944/preprints202011.0217.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kristine Irtiševa ◽

Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis ◽

Viktors Mironovs ◽

Jurijs Ozolins ◽

Maksim Plohuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Value Added ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Binder Content ◽

Block Form ◽

Three Phase ◽

Main Components ◽

Main Component

The utilisation of the industrial residual products to create new value-added materials and to reduce footprint is a modern challenge of science and industry. Development of the new multifunctional and bio-based composites is an excellent opportunity for complex utilisation of industrial residual products. The study describes the preparation and characterisation of the three-phases bio-based composites. The main components are bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber (DCR) from used tires and part of the fly ash the cenosphere (CS). Three-phase composite prepared in the form of a block for investigation of the mechanical properties and density and a form of granules for determination of the water and oil products sorption was investigated. This work investigated the dependence of the properties on the main component DCR and CS fraction. Is found, that maximum compression strength (in block form) observed for composition without CS and DCR addition - 79.3 MPa, the second highest value of compression strength is 11.2 MPa for composition with 27.3 wt% of CS. For compositions with bio binder content from 17.4 to 55.8 wt% and with DCR contents in range from 11.0 to 62.0 wt% compression strength is in range 1.1 to 2.0 MPa. Liquid sorption analysis (water and diesel) showed that the maximum saturation of liquids in both cases is set after 35 minutes and ranges from 1.05 to 1.4 g·g -1 for water and 0.77 to 1.25 g·g-1 for diesel. It was noted that 90% of the maximum saturation with diesel fuel comes after 10 minutes and for water after 35 minutes.

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Prediction Models for the Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Rubber and Silica Fume

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13081821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1821 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert Bušić ◽

Mirta Benšić ◽

Ivana Miličević ◽

Kristina Strukar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Rubberized Concrete ◽

Self Compacting Concrete ◽

Recycled Rubber ◽

European Standards

The paper aims to investigate the influence of waste tire rubber and silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and to design multivariate regression models for the prediction of the mechanical properties of self-compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC). For this purpose, 21 concrete mixtures were designed. Crumb rubber derived from end-of-life tires (grain size 0.5–3.5 mm) was replaced fine aggregate by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of total aggregate volume. Silica fume was replaced cement by 0%, 5%, and 10% of the total cement mass. The optimal replacement level of both materials was investigated in relation to the values of the fresh properties and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete. Tests on fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete were performed according to the relevant European standards. Furthermore, models for predicting the values of the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength of SCRC were designed and verified with the experimental results of 12 other studies. According to the obtained results, mixtures with up to 15% of recycled rubber and 5% of silica fume, with 28 days compressive strength above 30 MPa, were found to be optimal mixtures for the potential future investigation of reinforced self-compacting rubberized concrete structural elements.

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Determination of Mechanical Properties of Rubberized Concrete in Marine Environment

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b3527.078219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 5761-5765

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Concrete Specimen ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Test Results ◽

Rubberized Concrete ◽

Split Tensile Strength

With an objective of saving the environment by providing crumb rubber as an alternative to natural fine aggregate this paper presents a study carried out to find the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete is made up of waste rubber from vehicle tyres and other rubber waste which otherwise is left out polluting the environment. In this paper, 7.5% of crumb rubber (obtained by shredding the vehicle tyres) as an alternative to fine aggregate and 7.5% of fly-ash as an alternative to cement is added with other ingredients of concrete to produce an eco-friendly concrete which can be used economically and effectively for construction along the coastal areas. Various properties like workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength was carried out on concrete specimens exposed to the natural marine environment along the coast of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The total exposure of concrete specimen was about 150 days, and various specimens were tested at 7, 28, 90, 120 and 150 days, respectively. The test results showed that with a slight compromise in strength, the workability of concrete and resistance to the effect of seawater on the strength of concrete significantly improved with the addition of crumb rubber and fly-ash.

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Modification of the mechanical properties of rubbers by introducing recycled rubber into the original mixture

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000676 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 352-358

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Experimental Work ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Mechanical Stresses ◽

Rubber Composites ◽

Original Mixture ◽

Tensile Fatigue ◽

Recycled Rubber ◽

The One

In our experimental work the opportunities of improving of mechanical properties of rubbers and their composites have been investigated. On the one hand the reuse of milling product of recycled rubbers (recycled crumb rubbers) has been studied and the effects of the filler and compatibilizers applicable in rubber composites on the mechanical properties either. The rubber composites were exposed to different mechanical stresses (tensile, fatigue tensile) and Shore A hardness and density of the specimens have also been determined. Morphology of the composites and the interaction between the fillers and the rubber has been studied on SEM graphs. Recycled crumb rubber was added in different concentrations to the basic mixture of rubber. Significant improvement of mechanical properties could be achieved by mixing 22m/m% used crumb rubber to the basic mixture. Tensile strength at break of composites containing recycled crumb rubber increased with nearly 20% compared to the original basic mixture containing no crumb rubber. Density decreased with 2-3% and Shore A hardness with 6% comparing the aforementioned composites. Different types of compatibilizing additives have also been applied in the system containing crumb rubber which showed different effectiveness in case of the properties, e.g. tensile strength at break. Adding compatibilizing additives to the basic mixture of rubber did not make the density changed while Shore A hardness changed similarly to the trend observed in case of tensile strength at break.

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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF CRUMB RUBBER CONCRETE

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2015.79 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Somerville ◽

Remadevi Dhanasekar ◽

Travis Frame ◽

T.G. Suntharavadivel

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Investigation ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Test Results ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Hardened Properties ◽

Recycled Rubber ◽

Materials Used ◽

Rubber Concrete

Motor vehicle tires are discarded every year where the majority ends up in land fill. This poses a serious ecological threat as the tires contain many toxic components and contribute to a loss of biodiversity. From the economic and environmental perspectives, inclusion of recycled rubber in concrete would reduce costs as well as conserve the component materials used in concrete. Past studies have indicated poor-mechanical properties of concrete with the sole inclusion of recycled tire rubber. This paper presents an experimental investigation to improve the workability and hardened properties through sodium hydroxide surface treatment of recycled crumb rubber, and silica fume. Ten concrete mixes were prepared with the volumes of recycled rubber ranging from 10% to 30%. The test results were compared with a control concrete mix. The investigation indicated that favorable strength could be achieved with the addition of 10% treated rubber. Test results and analysis details are presented in the paper.

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The Effect of Crumb Rubber Particle Size to the Optimum Binder Content for Open Graded Friction Course

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/240786 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim ◽

Herda Yati Katman ◽

Mohamed Rehan Karim ◽

Suhana Koting ◽

Nuha S. Mashaan

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rubber Particle ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Binder Content ◽

Air Voids ◽

Porous Asphalt ◽

The Road ◽

Open Graded Friction Course

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relations of rubber size, rubber content, and binder content in determination of optimum binder content for open graded friction course (OGFC). Mix gradation type B as specified in Specification for Porous Asphalt produced by the Road Engineering Association of Malaysia (REAM) was used in this study. Marshall specimens were prepared with four different sizes of rubber, namely, 20 mesh size [0.841 mm], 40 mesh [0.42 mm], 80 mesh [0.177 mm], and 100 mesh [0.149 mm] with different concentrations of rubberised bitumen (4%, 8%, and 12%) and different percentages of binder content (4%–7%). The appropriate optimum binder content is then selected according to the results of the air voids, binder draindown, and abrasion loss test. Test results found that crumb rubber particle size can affect the optimum binder content for OGFC.

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PENENTUAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN, SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIK BERDASARKAN PRESENTASE KOMPOSISI BAHAN CAMPURAN BATAKO

Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya ◽

10.35508/fisa.v3i1.596 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 59-68

Author(s):

Selfiana Missa ◽

Minsyahril Bukit ◽

Andreas Christian Louk

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Test Specimen ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Drying Process

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kajian Morfologi Permukaan, Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Batako dengan presentase komposisi bahan campuran batako. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan material tanah putih dan pasir. Selanjutnya bahan material dicampur dengan semen dengan variasi material 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 dan 1:9. Kemudian dicetak dengan cara, pemadatan dan pengeringan. Setelah proses pengeringan dilakukan pengujian karakteristik sifat fisik dan mekanik benda uji berupa: uji kuat tekan (compression strength), densitas (density), porositas dan karakterisasi SEM. Berdasarkan analisis data, batako yang memiliki nilai densitas untuk variasi campuran tanah putih 665 mesh 2,05 gr/cm3, 2,04 gr/cm3dan 1,99 gr/cm3. Pada variasi campuran tanah putih 114 mesh 2,16 gr/cm3, 2,14 gr/cm3dan 2,05 gr/cm3. Untuk variasi campuran pasir 665 mesh 2,04 gr/cm3, 1,89 gr/cm3dan 2,11 gr/cm3. Untuk variasi campuran pasir 114 mesh 2,05 gr/cm3, 2,11 gr/cm3dan 2,02 gr/cm3.kuat tekan batako pada variasi campuran tanah putih 114 meshsebesar 20 kg/cm² memenuhi standar kuat tekan minimum mutu IV. Sedangkan untuk porositas pada variasi campuran 1:6 dan 1:8 memenuhi standar penyerapan air pada mutu I dan mutu II. Kata kunci: Tanah putih, pasir, densitas, penyerapan air, kuat tekan dan SEM. ABSTRACT A research of determination of surface morphology, physical properties and mechanical properties of brick based on the composition of the mixture has been done. This research was done by using material of white soil and sand. Then Materials are mixted with cement with materials variation 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 dan 1:9. Than each one was molded by means of compaction and drying. After drying process the physical and mechanical properties of the test specimen is done in the form of compression test, density, porosity, and SEM characterization. Based on data analysis, brick with mixed variation of white soil of 665 mesh has the density value of 2,05 gr/cm3, 2,04 gr/cm3 dan 1,99 gr/cm3. For brick with mixed variation of white soilof 114 mesh has the density value are 2,16 gr/cm3, 2,14 gr/cm3dan 2,05 gr/cm3. For brick with mixed variation of sand of 665 mesh has the density value are 2,04 gr/cm3, 1,89 gr/cm3 dan 2,11 gr/cm3. For brick with mixed variation of sand of 114 mesh has the density value are 2,05 gr/cm3, 2,11 gr/cm3dan 2,02 gr/cm3. Compressive strength of brick with mixed variation of white soil of 114 mesh is 20 kg/cm² meet the minimum compressive strength standard of quality IV. While for the porosity of brick with mixed variation of 1:6 and 1:8 meet the standards of water absorption standard of quality I and quality II. Key Words : White Soil, sand, density, water absorption, Compressive strength, and SEM

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