scholarly journals Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2842
Author(s):  
Ravi Gangalla ◽  
Sampath Gattu ◽  
Sivasankar Palaniappan ◽  
Maqusood Ahamed ◽  
Baswaraju Macha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Sugar Mill Effluent ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer’s activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produced by B. amyloliquefaciens RK3 was purified, and the yield was estimated to be 10.35 gL−1. Following purification, the polysaccharide was structurally and chemically analysed. The structural analysis revealed the polysaccharide consists of α-d-mannopyranose (α-d-Manp) and β-d-galactopyranose (β-d-Galp) monosaccharide units connected through glycosidic linkages (i.e, β-d-Galp(1→6)β-d-Galp (1→6)β-d-Galp(1→2)β-d-Galp(1→2)[β-d-Galp(1→6)]β-d-Galp(1→2)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp (1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging of polysaccharides emphasise their compactness and branching in the usual tubular heteropolysaccharide structure. The purified exopolysaccharide significantly impacted the plaques formed by the amyloid proteins during Alzheimer’s disease. Further, the results also highlighted the potential applicability of exopolysaccharide in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

Allocentric to Egocentric Spatial Switching: Impairment in aMCI and Alzheimer's Disease Patients?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Ruggiero ◽  
Alessandro Iavarone ◽  
Tina Iachini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spatial Memory Task ◽  
Switching Condition ◽  
Normal Controls

Objective: Deficits in egocentric (subject-to-object) and allocentric (object-to-object) spatial representations, with a mainly allocentric impairment, characterize the first stages of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: To identify early cognitive signs of AD conversion, some studies focused on amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) by reporting alterations in both reference frames, especially the allocentric ones. However, spatial environments in which we move need the cooperation of both reference frames. Such cooperating processes imply that we constantly switch from allocentric to egocentric frames and vice versa. This raises the question of whether alterations of switching abilities might also characterize an early cognitive marker of AD, potentially suitable to detect the conversion from aMCI to dementia. Here, we compared AD and aMCI patients with Normal Controls (NC) on the Ego-Allo- Switching spatial memory task. The task assessed the capacity to use switching (Ego-Allo, Allo-Ego) and non-switching (Ego-Ego, Allo-Allo) verbal judgments about relative distances between memorized stimuli. Results: The novel finding of this study is the neat impairment shown by aMCI and AD in switching from allocentric to egocentric reference frames. Interestingly, in aMCI when the first reference frame was egocentric, the allocentric deficit appeared attenuated. Conclusion: This led us to conclude that allocentric deficits are not always clinically detectable in aMCI since the impairments could be masked when the first reference frame was body-centred. Alongside, AD and aMCI also revealed allocentric deficits in the non-switching condition. These findings suggest that switching alterations would emerge from impairments in hippocampal and posteromedial areas and from concurrent dysregulations in the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system or pre-frontal cortex.

scholarly journals Deep-MEG: spatiotemporal CNN features and multiband ensemble classification for predicting the early signs of Alzheimer’s disease with magnetoencephalography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Giovannetti ◽  
Gianluca Susi ◽  
Paola Casti ◽  
Arianna Mencattini ◽  
Sandra Pusil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ensemble Classification ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ensemble Classifiers ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn this paper, we present the novel Deep-MEG approach in which image-based representations of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data are combined with ensemble classifiers based on deep convolutional neural networks. For the scope of predicting the early signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), functional connectivity (FC) measures between the brain bio-magnetic signals originated from spatially separated brain regions are used as MEG data representations for the analysis. After stacking the FC indicators relative to different frequency bands into multiple images, a deep transfer learning model is used to extract different sets of deep features and to derive improved classification ensembles. The proposed Deep-MEG architectures were tested on a set of resting-state MEG recordings and their corresponding magnetic resonance imaging scans, from a longitudinal study involving 87 subjects. Accuracy values of 89% and 87% were obtained, respectively, for the early prediction of AD conversion in a sample of 54 mild cognitive impairment subjects and in a sample of 87 subjects, including 33 healthy controls. These results indicate that the proposed Deep-MEG approach is a powerful tool for detecting early alterations in the spectral–temporal connectivity profiles and in their spatial relationships.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the novel 18 F‐labeled PET tracer SMBT‐1 for imaging astrogliosis in healthy elderly controls and A+/T+/(N+) Alzheimer's disease patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor LL Villemagne ◽  
Ryuichi Harada ◽  
Vincent Dore ◽  
Shozo Furumoto ◽  
Rachel S Mulligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Pet Tracer

scholarly journals Nanoscale synchrotron X-ray speciation of iron and calcium compounds in amyloid plaque cores from Alzheimer's disease subjects

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 11782-11796 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Everett ◽  
Joanna F. Collingwood ◽  
Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin ◽  
Jake Brooks ◽  
Frederik Lermyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Imaging ◽  
Calcium Compounds ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Synchrotron soft X-ray nano-imaging and spectromicroscopy reveals iron and calcium biomineralization in Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaques.

scholarly journals Full-length and C-terminal neurogranin in Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid analyzed by novel ultrasensitive immunoassays

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Öhrfelt ◽  
Julien Dumurgier ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Agathe Vrillon ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Full Length ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Postsynaptic Protein ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Novel Drug

Abstract Background Neurogranin (Ng) is a neuron-specific and postsynaptic protein that is abundantly expressed in the brain, particularly in the dendritic spine of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The enzymatic cleavage of Ng produces fragments that are released into cerebrospinal (CSF), which have been shown to be elevated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and predict cognitive decline. Thus, quantification of distinctive cleavage products of Ng could elucidate different features of the disease. Methods In this study, we developed novel ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) assays for measurement of full-length neurogranin (FL-Ng) and C-terminal neurogranin (CT-Ng) fragments in CSF. The Ng Simoa assays were evaluated in CSF samples from AD patients (N = 23), mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD) (N = 18), and from neurological controls (N = 26). Results The intra-assay repeatability and inter-assay precision of the novel methods had coefficients of variation below 7% and 14%, respectively. CSF FL-Ng and CSF CT-Ng median concentrations were increased in AD patients (6.02 ng/L, P < 0.00001 and 452 ng/L, P = 0.00001, respectively) and in patients with MCI-AD (5.69 ng/L, P < 0.00001 and 566 ng/L, P < 0.00001) compared to neurological controls (0.644 ng/L and 145 ng/L). The median CSF ratio of CT-Ng/FL-Ng were decreased in AD patients (ratio = 101, P = 0.008) and in patients with MCI-AD (ratio = 115, P = 0.016) compared to neurological controls (ratio = 180). CSF of FL-Ng, CT-Ng, and ratio of CT-Ng/FL-Ng could each significantly differentiate AD patients from controls (FL-Ng, AUC = 0.907; CT-Ng, AUC = 0.913; CT-Ng/FL-Ng, AUC = 0.775) and patients with MCI-AD from controls (FL-Ng, AUC = 0.937; CT-Ng, AUC = 0.963; CT-Ng/FL-Ng, AUC = 0.785). Conclusions Assessments of the FL-Ng and CT-Ng levels in CSF with the novel sensitive immunoassays provide a high separation of AD from controls, even in early phase of the disease. The novel Ng assays are robust and highly sensitive and may be valuable tools to study synaptic alteration in AD, as well as to monitor the effect on synaptic integrity of novel drug candidates in clinical trials.

Synthesis and Characterization of Y2O3 Nanoflowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhan ◽  
Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The novel Y2O3 nanoflowers were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method without using any catalyst or template. The phase composition and the microstructure of as-prepared products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The formation mechanism for the Y2O3 flowers has been proposed.

[P2-288]: VALIDATION OF THE NOVEL DEMENTIA ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCORING ALGORITHM RELEVANT FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_15) ◽  
pp. P725-P726
Author(s):  
Takashi Kikuchi ◽  
Takahiro Mori ◽  
Shinsuke Kojima ◽  
Kenji Wada Isoe ◽  
Yumi Umeda Kameyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scoring Algorithm
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