scholarly journals Innovation in Aircraft Cabin Interior Panels Part I: Technical Assessment on Replacing the Honeycomb with Structural Foams and Evaluation of Optimal Curing of Prepreg Fiberglass

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Adrián Franco-Urquiza ◽  
Annika Dollinger ◽  
Mauricio Torres-Arellano ◽  
Saúl Piedra ◽  
Perla Itzel Alcántara Llanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Cabin Interior

Sandwich composites are widely used in the manufacture of aircraft cabin interior panels for commercial aircraft, mainly due to the light weight of the composites and their high strength-to-weight ratio. Panels are used for floors, ceilings, kitchen walls, cabinets, seats, and cabin dividers. The honeycomb core of the panels is a very light structure that provides high rigidity, which is considerably increased with fiberglass face sheets. The panels are manufactured using the compression molding process, where the honeycomb core is crushed up to the desired thickness. The crushed core breaks fiberglass face sheets and causes other damage, so the panel must be reworked. Some damage is associated with excessive build-up of resin in localized areas, incomplete curing of the pre-impregnated fiberglass during the manufacturing process, and excessive temperature or residence time during the compression molding. This work evaluates the feasibility of using rigid polyurethane foams as a substitute for the honeycomb core. The thermal and viscoelastic behavior of the cured prepreg fiberglass under different manufacturing conditions is studied. The first part of this work presents the influence of the manufacturing parameters and the feasibility of using rigid foams in manufacturing flat panels oriented to non-structural applications. The conclusion of the article describes the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Innovation in Aircraft Cabin Interior Panels. Part II: Technical Assessment on Replacing Glass Fiber with Thermoplastic Polymers and Panels Fabricated Using Vacuum Forming Process

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Edgar Adrián Franco-Urquiza ◽  
Perla Itzel Alcántara Llanas ◽  
Victoria Rentería-Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Samir Saleme ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sandwich Composites ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Vacuum Forming ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Cabin Interior

The manufacturing process of the aircraft cabin interior panels is expensive and time-consuming, and the resulting panel requires rework due to damages that occurred during their fabrication. The aircraft interior panels must meet structural requirements; hence sandwich composites of a honeycomb core covered with two layers of pre-impregnated fiberglass skin are used. Flat sandwich composites are transformed into panels with complex shapes or geometries using the compression molding process, leading to advanced manufacturing challenges. Some aircraft interior panels are required for non-structural applications; hence sandwich composites can be substituted by cheaper alternative materials and transformed using disruptive manufacturing techniques. This paper evaluates the feasibility of replacing the honeycomb and fiberglass skin layers core with rigid polyurethane foams and thermoplastic polymers. The results show that the structural composites have higher mechanical performances than the proposed sandwich composites, but they are compatible with non-structural applications. Sandwich composite fabrication using the vacuum forming process is feasible for developing non-structural panels. This manufacturing technique is fast, easy, economical, and ecological as it uses recyclable materials. The vacuum forming also covers the entire panel, thus eliminating tapestries, paints, or finishes to the aircraft interior panels. The conclusion of the article describes the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Characterization of Highly Environmentally Friendly Sandwich Composites from Polylactide Cores and Flax-Polylactide Faces

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Diego Lascano ◽  
Rene Guillen-Pineda ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Juan Ivorra-Martínez ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Thickness

This work focuses on the manufacturing and characterization of highly environmentally friendly lightweight sandwich structures based on polylactide (PLA) honeycomb cores and PLA-flax fabric laminate skins or facings. PLA honeycombs were manufactured using PLA sheets with different thicknesses ranging from 50 to 500 μm. The PLA sheets were shaped into semi-hexagonal profiles by hot-compression molding. After this stage, the different semi-hexagonal sheets were bonded together to give hexagonal panels. The skins were manufactured by hot-compression molding by stacking two Biotex flax/PLA fabrics with 40 wt% PLA fibers. The combined use of temperature (200 °C), pressure, and time (2 min) allowed PLA fibers to melt, flow, and fully embed the flax fabrics, thus leading to thin composite laminates to be used as skins. Sandwich structures were finally obtained by bonding the PLA honeycomb core with the PLA-flax skins using an epoxy adhesive. A thin PLA nonwoven was previously attached to the external hexagonal PLA core, to promote mechanical interlock between the core and the skins. The influence of the honeycomb core thickness on the final flexural and compression properties was analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the core thickness has a great influence on the flexural properties, which increases with core thickness; nevertheless, as expected, the bonding between the PLA honeycomb core and the skins is critical. Excellent results have been obtained with 10 and 20 mm thickness honeycombs with a core shear of about 0.60 and facing bending stresses of 31–33 MPa, which can be considered as candidates for technical applications. The ultimate load to the sample weight ratio reached values of 141.5 N·g−1 for composites with 20 mm thick PLA honeycombs, which is comparable to other technical composite sandwich structures. The bonding between the core and the skins is critical as poor adhesion does not allow load transfer and, while the procedure showed in this research gives interesting results, new developments are necessary to obtain standard properties on sandwich structures.

Effective Mechanical Behavior of Sandwich Beams under Uncoupled Bending and Torsion Loadings

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Miguel Silva ◽  
José Filipe Bizarro de Meireles
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Honeycomb Core ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Specific Stiffness ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Non Linear

Sandwich geometries, mainly panels and beams are widely used in several transportation industries, namely aerospace, aeronautic and automotive. Sandwich geometries are known for their advantages in structural applications: high specific stiffness, low weight, and possibility of design optimization prior to manufacturing. This study aims to know the influence of the number of reinforcements (ribs), and of the thickness on the mechanical behavior of sandwich panels subjected to bending and torsion loads separately. In this study, 3 geometries are compared: simple web-core beam, corrugated core, and honeycomb core. The last 2 are asymmetric, due to the use of odd number of ribs. The influence of the geometry on the results is discussed, by means of a parameter that establishes a relation between the stiffness behavior and the mass of the object. It is shown that the all relations are non-linear, despite the elastic nature of the analysis, by means of the application of loads with low intensity.

scholarly journals Aluminum metal matrix composites a review of reinforcement; mechanical and tribological behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Dev Srivyas ◽  
M S. Charoo
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Applications

This review aims to explore the fundamental mechanical and tribological behavior Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with different reinforcements. Aluminum matrix composites are considered to be the new emerging class of materials which are having the tailored properties for specific applications. AMCs are the advanced engineering materials having superior properties as comparison to other conventional aluminum alloys. AMCs exhibits attractive properties such as high hardness, better yield strength, strength to weight ratio, high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, superior wear and corrosion resistance. In recent times, because of these properties they have repealed keen interest for various potential applications in aerospace, automotive and various other structural applications.. Extensive research and development has been made in the Al-based MMCs with every possible alloy and different reinforcements so as to get the material of desired properties. By suitable use of different reinforcements in the Al metal matrix a wide range of properties combination can be obtained. The fundamental mechanical and tribological behavior of different reinforcements under dry and wet lubricated sliding conditions is recently being studied. It is reported that various reinforcement were successfully employed to decrease friction and wear in various applications. A comprehensive review is provided with the aim to analyze such properties of different reinforcements. 

A Nested Multivariate Utility Copulas Approach to Aggregating User Experience Partworths for Aircraft Cabin Interior Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Jianxin (Roger) Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Product Profile ◽  
Nested Structure ◽  
Attribute Levels ◽  
Design Attribute ◽  
Cabin Interior

User experience (UX) design involves combination of different design attributes with their corresponding attribute levels to form different product profiles. This raises the issue of how to integrate corresponding UX of individual design attribute levels (i.e., partworth UX measures) into a holistic measure of UX of the entire product profile. Traditional methods often use a weighted sum of single partworth UX strategy without considering their dependence. This paper proposes to use utility copulas to accommodate the dependence of individual partworth UX measures. Single utility functions are constructed based on cumulative prospect theory, based on which multivariate Archimedean utility copulas are constructed using a nested structure based on the modularized attributes. A case study of aircraft cabin interior design is demonstrated to show the potential and feasibility of the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Reinforcement Efficiency of Cellulose Microfibers for the Tensile Stiffness and Strength of Rigid Low-Density Polyurethane Foams

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jānis Andersons ◽  
Mikelis Kirpluks ◽  
Ugis Cabulis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Tensile Stiffness ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Cellulose Microfibers ◽  
Renewable Material ◽  
Reinforcement Efficiency ◽  
Pu Foams

Rigid low-density closed-cell polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used in both thermal insulation and structural applications. The sustainability of PU foam production can be increased by using bio-based components and fillers that ensure both enhanced mechanical properties and higher renewable material content. Such bio-based foams were produced using polyols derived from rapeseed oil and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers as filler. The effect of MCC fiber loading of up to 10 wt % on the morphology, tensile stiffness, and strength of foams has been evaluated. For estimation of the mechanical reinforcement efficiency of foams, a model allowing for the partial alignment of filler fibers in foam struts was developed and validated against test results. It is shown that although applying MCC fibers leads to modest gains in the mechanical properties of PU foams compared with cellulose nanocrystal reinforcement, it may provide a higher content of renewable material in the foams.

BVID analysis of non-crimp fabric cross-ply laminate manufactured through wet compression molding process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoung Lee ◽  
Chaeyoung Hong ◽  
Taeseong Choi ◽  
Hye-gyu Kim ◽  
Wooseok Ji
Keyword(s):  
Compression Molding ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Wet Compression

Study on Processes and Properties of Continuous Woven Roving Reinforced Polyurethane Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Dai ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Sem Morphology

E-glass fiber woven roving reinforced polyurethane composites were manufactured by three different processes: hand lay-up, compression molding and vacuum infusion to assess the feasibility of all the processes. The results showed that all composites led to significant improvements in both flexural and tensile properties except elongation at break in comparison with the neat PU. Among the three processes, the best bending strength was exhibited by the hand lay-up process. This is attributed to higher PU mass fraction leads to a better fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. Mechanical properties of the composite molded by vacuum infusion were superior to that produced by compression molding process. The SEM morphology revealed that vacuum infusion composite had more homogeneous micro- structure.

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