scholarly journals Mechanical and Hygroscopic Properties of Molded Pulp Products Using Different Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3225
Author(s):  
Claire Dislaire ◽  
Bastien Seantier ◽  
Marion Muzy ◽  
Yves Grohens
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Recycled Fibers

With an increasing interest for molded pulp product (MPP) in the industry, it is important to fully understand how the manufacturing process is different from papermaking. One specific way to differentiate the processes is to compare their resulting products. As the paper industry uses several wood fibers with various pulping processes, it is interesting to compare some of these fibers, to further progress our understanding of the MPP process. In this study, six different wood fibers were used (as received) and analyzed to obtain the sample with the lowest moisture uptake and highest tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fiber analysis module (MorFi) observations were performed, as well as moisture uptake measurements after sorption and tensile tests. We observed significant differences between the fibers tested. Kraft fibers (bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP), bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP), and unbleached softwood kraft pulp (USKP)) showed smoother surfaces and less non-cellulosic molecules, such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin, in the SEM images. Bleached chemi-thermomechanial pulp (BCTMP) and recycled pulps (R-NPM and R-CBB) both showed non-cellulosic molecules and rougher surfaces. These results were confirmed with the FTIR analysis. With kraft fibers, MPP mechanical properties were lower than non-kraft fibers. Resulting moisture uptake is in between the recycled fibers (lowest moisture uptake) and BCTMP (highest moisture uptake). The removal of non-cellulosic molecules reduces the mechanical properties of the resulting MPP. The incorporation of non-wood molecules, as found in recycled fibers, also reduces the mechanical properties, as well as moisture uptake, when compared with BCTMP.

Effect of Alumina Ceramic Powder Dispersion on Mechanical Properties of PolyPropylene Polymers

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1729-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germannya D.A. Silva ◽  
Kleber G.B. Alves ◽  
Yeda B. Almeida ◽  
Ricardo A. Sanguinetti ◽  
Yogendra Prasad Yadava
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hard Particles ◽  
Pp Composites

The objectives of this paper are study effect of dispersion of hard alumina (Al2O3) microparticles-filled polypropylene (PP) composites. Al2O3/PP composites containing 1.0 – 5.0 wt% of the Al2O3 were prepared through melt blending and specimens were produced through injection moulding technique. This study sets out to evaluate the influence of adding hard particles to the mechanical properties of the composite obtained while keeping the processing characteristics of the material. The material was characterized as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile tests performed showed an increase in the mechanical properties of the composite (modulus and elongation (%)) by increasing the Al2O3 content. The SEM images show a change in the fracture behavior between pure PP (brittle fracture) and Al2O3/PP composites containing 3.0 and 5.0 wt % (ductile fracture). The research aims to establish a new parameter for the development of products and advances in the application of this material.

Morphology Analysis and Mechanical Properties of MWCNT Reinforced Nylon-6,6 Nanofiber Mats by Electrospun Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fırat Durmuş ◽  
Mürsel Ekrem
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Nylon 6,6 ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the production of weight ratios of 1, 3 and 5 % multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforced / unreinforced Nylon 6,6 (N-6,6) nanofiber mats was carried out by electro spun method. Tensile strength (sT), modulus of elasticity (E), toughness and elongation amounts were investigated by tensile tests under static loading with / without reinforced nanofiber mats. % 3 MWCNT reinforced N-6,6 nanofiber mats, tensile strength, E and toughness increased by 84.4, 235 and 112 %, respectively, when compared with N-6,6 nanofiber mats. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also investigated to determine the physical properties at the specification of reinforced /unreinforced N-6,6 nanofiber mats.

Physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane thermoset matrices reinforced with green coconut fibres

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (30) ◽  
pp. 4841-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Lamounier Faria ◽  
Laércio Mesquita Júnior ◽  
Ana Angélica Resende ◽  
Daiane Erika Lopes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Coconut Fibre

Currently, the use of composites to replace parts made only with plastics has been gradually employed. The advantages of these composites are low cost, high availability of raw materials and good physical and mechanical properties. Thus, this work aimed at producing and characterizing composites produced with coconut fibre reinforced polyurethane matrices. The coconut fibres were studied as to their chemical constituents, aspect ratio, bulk density, pH, tensile properties, and surface SEM images. The composites were prepared using the hand lay-up process and four different concentrations of coconut fibre were evaluated: 30, 40, 50, and 60%. The composites were assessed as for water absorption after 20 days of immersion, bulk density, impact IZOD, tensile tests, and visualize the matrix-reinforcement interface using SEM. The electron micrographs showed a great deal of impurities on the surface of coconut fibres, such as greases, waxes, and gums, due to the high amount of extraction material (19.78%), which damages the adherence of the polymer onto the coconut fibre and, as observed, cause detachment between the reinforcement and the matrix. The tensile strength of the composites tended to increase as greater amounts of coconut fibres were added to the matrix. The averages were around 6.51 to 6.72 MPa for composites with 30 and 60% fibres, respectively. Therefore, coconut fibres can be considered as an alternative to synthetic fibres commonly used in composites, and they can be used at a ratio of 60% without prejudicing the properties of the composites, making them lighter and cheaper.

scholarly journals WET/DRY CYCLING AND THE EFFECTS OF FIBER LOADING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT COMPOSITES MIXED WITH KRAFT PULP-FIBER FROM SENGON (Falcataria Mollucana) WOOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Ismail Budiman ◽  
Widya Fatriasari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Cycling Treatment

Recently, pulp fiber-cement composites have found a practical application in the commercial market to replace hazardous asbestos fibers. For exterior applications, the effects of cyclical wetting and drying on the performance of cement composites were studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of filling wood fibers in cement composites prior to and after a wet/dry cycling treatment. The testing of kraft pulp fiber filling consisted of a 3, 5, and 7% of volume fraction of the composite. The target density and water to cement ratio of the composites produced was 1.5 gcm -3 , with a 0.50 base on weight, respectively. Cement composites were formed and pressed into a mold to the targeted dimensions of 30 cm × 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm (length × width × thickness) for 24hours, before they were removed from the mold. They were then subjected into two curing system conditions. First, the boards were immersed in a water tank at 18 ± 2 °C for 28 days and then tested for their mechanical properties. Secondly, the samples were immersed in the same conditions as before, but followed by a wet/dry curing cycling for 6 times before the mechanical properties were tested. Mechanical characteristics were observed according to ASTM C293-94 for flexural strength and ASTM C116-90 for compressive strength by using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The addition of pulp fiber and the wet/dry cycling treatment gave a significantly linear effect on the mechanical properties of composites. The higher amount of wood fiber filling in the cement composites resulted in a lower flexural and compressive strength of the composites. Furthermore, the wet/dry cycling treatment tended to lower the flexural strength, but not the compressive strength of the composites.

Nano-HA Preparation and its Effects on Mechanical Properties of nHA/PLLA/PES Composite Biomaterials

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Zhong Cheng Zhou ◽  
Xiong Jun Shen ◽  
Xin Fan ◽  
Qiu Mei Wu ◽  
Hai Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Nanocrystals hydroxyapatite (nHA) was synthesized and modified chemically, and nanocrystals hydroxyapatite / poly(L-lactide)/poly(ethylene succinate)(nHA/PLLA/PES) composite was prepared by melt-blending using nHA, PLLA and PES as reactants in a stainless steel chamber. The obtained nHA was of high purity and high crystallinity as well, its mean sizes measured from TEM observations were 65±35nm (long axis) and 40±10nm (short axis), and are close to the endosteal needle hydroxyapatite crystals size ((15 ~ 20) nm×60 nm) in the human body. The mechanical properties of nHA/ PLLA/PES blends were determined by bending and tensile tests and the effects of nHA content on the mechanical properties of nHA/PLLA/PES blends were investigated. The blending modulus and tensile modulus increase with the nHA (0,5,10,15and 20 wt.%) content increase, while blending strength increases up to HA mass fraction of 10% and after that decreases. SEM images revealed that the surface changed from rough to smooth with increasing nHA content, especially with nHA content higher than 20%, which implied the failure mechanism of the material changes from ductile to brittle.

Preparation physical, mechanical properties and biodegradable study of SAN/EOC/nanoclay/proteins nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
pp. 204124792096850
Author(s):  
N Goudarzian ◽  
M Esmaeli ◽  
SM Mousavi ◽  
SA Hashemi ◽  
M Zarei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Twin Screw

In this paper, the mechanical and morphological properties of biodegradable SAN/EOC/Nanoclay/Proteins nanocomposite were investigated. The composites were first prepared by a laboratory-scale twin screw extruder. Morphology of the blend was determined by SEM images. Mechanical properties in terms of tensile tests were carried out by Testometric TS2000, stress at break, strain at break, and Young’s modulus was determined. Based on mechanical results, although the young’s modulus increases with increasing protein content but the strain at break of the composite decreases acutely because of the presence of protein. The blend indicated an improvement in mechanical and thermal properties. Today, according to the vast application of plastic in different fields, environmental issues were affected by these kinds of non-degradable materials, so that biodegradability of the plastics is just the remaining route to solve. In this research, biodegradable blends were prepared using whey protein as a biodegradable natural polymer. The results of the biological procedure-test after 3 months indicated sufficient weight loss and biodegradation of these blends.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of soy-lignin bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboard as a tissue-equivalent phantom material

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5558-5576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Zuber ◽  
Nurul Ab. Aziz Hashikin ◽  
Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof ◽  
Rokiah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Tissue Equivalent ◽  
Tissue Equivalent Phantom ◽  
Phantom Material

Experimental binderless and adhesive-bonded particleboards were made from three different sample sizes, 0 to 103 µm, 104 to 210 µm, and 211 to 500 µm from Rhizophora spp. wood trunk at 1.0 g cm-3. The objective was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. The binderless and soy-lignin bonded particleboards were fabricated and studied based on the density, internal bonding, modulus of rupture, water absorption, and thickness swelling. Microstructure study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis by carbon hydrogen nitrogen (CHN) analyser were also performed. Particleboards with adhesives improved the internal bond strength. Smaller particle sizes also were shown to be able to improve the thickness swelling outcomes, with lower hygroscopic properties. The SEM images showed that smaller particle size allowed better bonding with adhesives and provided superior strength in the fabrication of tissue equivalent phantom material. The CHN ratio demonstrated by soy flour and lignin revealed no major difference when compared with the Rhizophora spp. samples, showing basic chemical composition of natural adhesives, which was crucial in the fabrication of tissue-mimicking phantom. The study revealed the potential of soy flour and lignin as adhesives for the fabrication of Rhizophora spp. particleboard as a tissue equivalent phantom material.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a semi-centrifugal compression processed Al6013 and Cu bimetal

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1058-1062
Author(s):  
Uğur Avcı ◽  
Yusuf Eren Erdoğdu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Original Production ◽  
Hardness Values

Abstract In this study, aluminum Al6013 and copper (Cu) cylindrical bimetal was manufactured by means of an original production method. The optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the bimetal material produced through this approach, semi-centrifugal compression, were used in microstructural investigations following which metallurgical transition zones were defined. Through an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the defined regions, the chemical content of the regions were determined. Micro hardness values of the regions were determined and comparisons were made with the chemical content and hardness values of the materials used in the bimetal production before the manufacturing process. In addition, the mechanical properties of the materials were compared by applying tensile tests to the bimetallic components Cu and Al6013 and to the bimetal material produced. In the light of the values obtained, the general properties of the bimetal material produced through this new approach were presented.

Optimization of elemental chlorine-free bleaching for a softwood kraft pulp • part 2: economic analysis of chemical and steam consumption

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN N. BROGDON
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Stage Versus ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Steam Consumption ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp

Our previous investigation [1] re-analyzed the data from Basta and co-workers (1992 TAPPI Pulping Conference) to demonstrate how oxidative alkaline extraction can be augmented and how these changes affect chlorine dioxide consumption with elemental chlorine-free (ECF) sequences. The current study manipulates extraction delignification variables to curtail bleaching costs with a conventional U.S. Southern softwood kraft pulp. The economic advantages of ~0.35% to 0.65% H2O2 peroxide reinforcement in a 70°C (EOP)-stage versus 90°C (EO)-stage are predisposed to the brightness targets, to short or long bleach sequences, and to mill energy costs. Minimized bleaching costs are generally realized when a 90°C (EO) is employed in D0(EO)D1 bleaching, whereas a 70°C (EOP) is economically advantageous for D0(EOP)D1E2D2 bleaching. The findings we disclose here help to clarify previous ECF optimization studies of conventional softwood kraft pulps.

An effective method for determining the retention and distribution of cellulose nanofibrils in paper handsheets by dye labeling

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengdan Wang ◽  
Wenhua Gao ◽  
Kefu Chen ◽  
Jinsong Zeng ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Congo Red Dye ◽  
Mechanical Disintegration ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
White Water ◽  
Red Dye

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were prepared by cellulase in conjunction with mechanical disintegration from the bleached softwood kraft pulp and labelled by Congo red dye. The labelled CNF were used to investigate the retention and distribution of CNF in paper handsheets. The retention of the labelled CNF was obtained by measuring the absorbance of white water using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that this method for measuring the retention was rapid, feasible, and sensitive, owing to the high correlation coefficient R2 (0.9993) of the standard curve. The labelled CNF showed even distribution in paper handsheets. The colorimetric values of paper handsheets were explored with a residual ink analyzer.

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