scholarly journals 3D Printing of Customized Aspheric Lenses for Imaging

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Dexing Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Qiao Xu ◽  
Yaguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Profile Deviation ◽  
Sharp Image ◽  
Aspheric Lenses ◽  
Lens Surface

A simple and efficient process for fabricating customized aspheric lenses is reported, in which a stereolithographic 3D printer combined with the meniscus equilibrium post-curing technique is employed. Two kinds of UV-curable resins, DentaClear and HEMA, were used for printing aspheric lenses in our experiments. The printed DentaClear lens featured low surface profile deviation of ~74 μm and showed satisfactory optical imaging resolution of 50.80 lp/mm, i.e., 4.92 μm. The surface roughness of the printed lens with DentaClear was measured to be around 2 nm with AFM. The surface roughness was improved as a result of post-curing, which reduced the ripples on printed lens surfaces. In contrast, the printed HEMA lens exhibited a significant stair-stepping effect with a large surface profile deviation of ~150 μm. The ripples were somewhat apparent even if the printed HEMA lens surface was smoothed by means of post-curing. No sharp image can be obtained with the HEMA lens in the resolution testing. The composition of HEMA resin may be the reason for the relatively poor surface quality and optical properties.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Slicer Software on 3d Printing Products Accuracy and Surface Roughness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Sally Cahyati ◽  
◽  
Haris Risqy Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Model ◽  
High Surface ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Additive Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Printing Machine

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a manufacturing process that produces a 3D model CAD to be a real product rapidly by using additive manufacturing technology. In this case, the product will print layer by layer uses a 3D printer machine. The 3D printer requires slicer software to convert CAD data into data that a 3D printer machine can read. Research is done to analyze the effect of three kinds of slicer software on 3D printing objects on the accuracy and surface roughness of the product. The 3D model CAD is sliced using three different slicer software, namely Ideamaker, Repetier Host, and Cura. The slice model result from each slicer will be printed on a 3D printer machine with the same process parameters to be compared. Then the product's dimensional and surface roughness will be measured to determine the effect of each slicer on product quality. The best quality of the product reflected the most suitable slicer software for the 3D printing machine that used. The best results achieved by Cura slicer because it has resulted in small dimensional deviations (max 0,0308±0,0079) and stabile high surface roughness of the product (max 1,585+059).

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of 0% infill density surface profile of printed part fabricated by personal FDM 3D printer

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alsoufi ◽  
Abdulrhman Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Finishing Tool

Fused deposition modeling or FDM technology is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology commonly used for prototyping applications which suffer seriously from low levels of fluctuated surface finish quality, demanding some hand finishing tool for even the necessary levels of 3D printed parts. This paper, therefore, aims at giving close attention to the variation in the surface roughness profile between the inner and the outer faces of FDM 3D printed parts based on advanced polylactic acid (PLA+) thermoplastic filament material. The surface roughness is quantitatively analyzed using a contact-type test-rig with a 90° angle measurement on each face along with each zone and sub-zone. The obtained results revealed that the surface finish of the inner faces is rougher than those of the outer faces as regards nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, infill density and layer height is 220°C, 0.5 mm, 0% and 0.3 mm, respectively. The personal FDM 3D printer is thus confirmed to be an excellent platform, flexible, straightforward and cost-effective. 

scholarly journals Current capabilities of prototyping technologies for multilayer printed circuit boards on a 3D printer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
D. S. Vorunichev ◽  
K. Yu. Vorunicheva
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Printed Circuit

A new direction in 3D printing was investigated – prototyping of single-sided, double-sided and multilayer printed circuit boards. The current capabilities and limitations of 3D printed circuit board printing technology were identified. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of two desktop 3D printers presented in the industry for prototyping radio electronics, as well as the first professional machine DragonFly LDM 2020, which is a mini-factory for prototyping multilayer printed circuit boards, was carried out. The first practical experience of working and printing on DragonFly LDM 2020 supplied to the megalaboratory “3D prototyping and control of multilayer printed circuit boards” of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Telecommunication Systems MIREA – Russian Technological University is presented. The first samples of electronic boards printed on a 3D printer by the method of inkjet printing were obtained. An additive technology for the production of multilayer printed circuit boards is considered: printing with two printheads with conductive and dielectric nano-ink with two curing systems: an infrared sintering system for conductive ink and a UV curing system for dielectric ink. The LDM (Dragonfly Lights-out Digital Manufacturing) production method with the necessary maintenance is presented. The method allows the system to work roundthe-clock with minimal human intervention, significantly increasing the productivity of 3D printing and expanding the possibilities of prototyping. The materials used for 3D printing of multilayer printed circuit boards and their characteristics were investigated: dielectric acrylate nano-ink (Dielectric Ink 1092 – Dielectric UV Curable Acrylates Ink), conducting ink with silver nanoparticles (AgCite™ 90072 Silver Nanoparticle Conductive Ink). The research carried out allows us to compare the technological standards of printed electronics with traditional methods of manufacturing multilayer printed circuit boards for a number of parameters.

scholarly journals Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Kool ◽  
Anton Bunschoten ◽  
Aldrik H Velders ◽  
Vittorio Saggiomo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
3D Printed

Background: Nanotechnology, even if unknowingly, has been used for millennia. The occurrence of shiny colors in pottery and glass made hundreds and thousand of years ago is due to the presence of nanoparticles in the fabrication of such ornaments. In the last decade, 3D printing has revolutionized fabrication and manufacturing processes, making it easier to produce, in a simple and fast way, 3D objects. Results: In this paper we show how to fabricate a 3D-printable nanocomposite composed of dichroic gold nanoparticles and a 3D-printable polymer. The minute amount of gold nanoparticles used for obtaining the dichroic effect does not influence the mechanical properties of the polymer nor its printability. Thus, the nanocomposite can be easily 3D-printed using a standard 3D printer and shows a purple color in transmission and a brownish color in reflection. Conclusion: This methodology can be used not only by artists, but also for studying the optical properties of nanoparticles or, for example, for the 3D fabrication of optical filters.

Results of studying the dimensional accuracy of the bases of complete removable prostheses made using 3D printing and traditional technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Vokulova Yu.A. Vokulova ◽  
E.N. Zhulev
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference

This article presents the results of studying the dimensional accuracy of the bases of complete removable prostheses made using a 3D printer and the traditional method. Bases of complete removable prostheses were made using an intraoral laser scanner iTero Cadent (USA) and a 3D printer Asiga Max UV (Australia). To study the dimensional accuracy of the bases of complete removable prostheses, we used the DentalCAD 2.2 Valletta software. The Nonparametric Wilcoxon W-test was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data. We found that the average value of the difference with the standard for bases made using digital technologies is 0.08744±0.0484 mm. The average value of the difference with the standard for bases made by the traditional method is 0.5654±0.1611 mm. Based on these data, we concluded that the bases of complete removable prostheses made using modern digital technologies (intraoral laser scanning and 3D printer) have a higher dimensional accuracy compared to the bases of complete removable prostheses made using the traditional method with a significance level of p<0.05 (Wilcoxon's W-test=0, p=0.031). Keywords: digital technologies in dentistry, digital impressions, intraoral scanner, 3D printing, ExoCAD, complete removable dentures.

scholarly journals Efficient 3D printing via photooxidation of ketocoumarin based photopolymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhao ◽  
Ye Zhao ◽  
Ming-De Li ◽  
Zhong’an Li ◽  
Haiyan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Viable Solution

AbstractPhotopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing can enable customized manufacturing that is difficult to achieve through other traditional means. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to achieve efficient 3D printing due to the compromise between print speed and resolution. Herein, we report an efficient 3D printing approach based on the photooxidation of ketocoumarin that functions as the photosensitizer during photopolymerization, which can simultaneously deliver high print speed (5.1 cm h−1) and high print resolution (23 μm) on a common 3D printer. Mechanistically, the initiating radical and deethylated ketocoumarin are both generated upon visible light exposure, with the former giving rise to rapid photopolymerization and high print speed while the latter ensuring high print resolution by confining the light penetration. By comparison, the printed feature is hard to identify when the ketocoumarin encounters photoreduction due to the increased lateral photopolymerization. The proposed approach here provides a viable solution towards efficient additive manufacturing by controlling the photoreaction of photosensitizers during photopolymerization.

scholarly journals Shaping Dynamical Casimir Photons

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Diego A. R. Dalvit ◽  
Wilton J. M. Kort-Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Casimir Effect ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Microscopic Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Dynamical Casimir Effect ◽  
Photon Pairs ◽  
Time Quantum

Temporal modulation of the quantum vacuum through fast motion of a neutral body or fast changes of its optical properties is known to promote virtual into real photons, the so-called dynamical Casimir effect. Empowering modulation protocols with spatial control could enable the shaping of spectral, spatial, spin, and entanglement properties of the emitted photon pairs. Space–time quantum metasurfaces have been proposed as a platform to realize this physics via modulation of their optical properties. Here, we report the mechanical analog of this phenomenon by considering systems in which the lattice structure undergoes modulation in space and in time. We develop a microscopic theory that applies both to moving mirrors with a modulated surface profile and atomic array meta-mirrors with perturbed lattice configuration. Spatiotemporal modulation enables motion-induced generation of co- and cross-polarized photon pairs that feature frequency-linear momentum entanglement as well as vortex photon pairs featuring frequency-angular momentum entanglement. The proposed space–time dynamical Casimir effect can be interpreted as induced dynamical asymmetry in the quantum vacuum.

Surface roughness and substrate induced symmetry-breaking: influence on the plasmonic properties of aluminum nanostructure arrays

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei ZHANG ◽  
Jérôme Plain ◽  
Davy Gerard ◽  
Jérôme Martin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Al Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanostructure Arrays

The surface topography is known to play an important role on the near- and far- field optical properties of metallic nanoparticles. In particular, aluminum (Al) nanoparticles are commonly fabricated through...

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