scholarly journals FFF 3D Printing in Electronic Applications: Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Selected Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3702
Author(s):  
David Kalaš ◽  
Karel Šíma ◽  
Petr Kadlec ◽  
Radek Polanský ◽  
Radek Soukup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dielectric And Thermal Properties

The present study is a focused and comprehensive analysis of the dielectric and thermal properties of twenty-four 3D printed polymers suitable for fused filament fabrication (FFF) in electronic applications. The selected polymers include various thermoplastic elastomers, such as thermoplastics based on polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS-T). Their overall thermal behavior, including oxidation stability, glass transition, and melting temperature, was explored using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Considering their intended usage in electronic applications, the dielectric strength (Ep) and surface/volume resistivity (ρs/ρv) were comprehensively tested according to IEC 60243-1 and IEC 62631-3, respectively. The values of the dielectric constant (ε’) and loss factor (ε”) were also determined by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). While, on the one hand, exceptional dielectric properties were observed for some thermoplastic elastomers, the materials based on PCs, on the other hand, stood out from the others due to their high oxidation stability and above average dielectric properties. The low-cost materials based on PETG or ABS-T did not achieve thermal properties similar to those of the other tested polymers; nevertheless, considering the very reasonable price of these polymers, the obtained dielectric properties are promising for undemanding electronic applications.

scholarly journals Dielectric and thermal properties of magnesium oxide/poly(aryl ether ketone) nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virappa Virupaxappa Pattanshetti ◽  
G.M. Shashidhara ◽  
Mysore Guruswamy Veena
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Aryl Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Dielectric And Thermal Properties

AbstractIn the present study, dielectric and thermal properties of poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK)-nanocomposites with varying weight percentage of magnesium oxide (MgO) have been reported. The thermal properties of PAEK/MgO nanocomposites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis and thermal conductivity. Transmission electron microscopy of the developed nanocomposites shows agglomerate-free dispersion of MgO nanoparticles in PAEK matrix. From the dielectric properties, dielectric constant of 13 was achieved for 10 wt% PAEK/MgO nanocomposite at 230°C. Further, minimum tan δ and maximum volume resistivity were found for 10 wt% PAEK/MgO nanocomposite. Data from thermal studies indicate that the incorporation of MgO into PAEK significantly enhanced the glass transition temperature and slightly deteriorated the thermal stability, char yield, and flame-retardant properties. Also, highest thermal conductivity and lowest coefficient of thermal expansion were achieved at 10 wt% of the MgO content. An excellent combination of both dielectric and thermal properties of the PAEK/MgO nanocomposites developed in the present study finds its potential application in microelectronics and electrical insulation in power equipments.

Evaluation of mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of waste rubber tire powder/LLDPE blends

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xiu Zhang ◽  
Shu Ling Zhang ◽  
Jin Kuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractPolymer blends of WRT (waste rubber tire) powder/LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) have been attempted to prepare thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). The effects of maleic anhydride-grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the blends were evaluated using universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). It was found that combination of SEBS-g-MA and DCP could better enhance the mechanical properties of WRT powder/LLDPE blends compared to SEBS-g-MA or DCP alone. Better compatibility between WRT powder and LLDPE was responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties, as supported by SEM. The incorporation of SEBS-g-MA and DCP with WRT powder/LLDPE blends reduced the crystallizable perfectness of the blends, but slightly increased the thermal stability of the blends, as shown from DSC and TGA results

scholarly journals Dielectric Properties of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Dichtl ◽  
Pit Sippel ◽  
Stephan Krohns
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Functional Components

3D printers constitute a fast-growing worldwide market. These printers are often employed in research and development fields related to engineering or architecture, especially for structural components or rapid prototyping. Recently, there is enormous progress in available materials for enhanced printing systems that allow additive manufacturing of complex functional products, like batteries or electronics. The polymer polylactic acid (PLA) plays an important role in fused filament fabrication, a technique used for commercially available low-budget 3D printers. This printing technology is an economical tool for the development of functional components or cases for electronics, for example, for lab purposes. Here we investigate if the material properties of “as-printed” PLA, which was fabricated by a commercially available 3D printer, are suitable to be used in electrical measurement setups or even as a functional material itself in electronic devices. For this reason, we conduct differential scanning calorimetry measurements and a thorough temperature and frequency-dependent analysis of its dielectric properties. These results are compared to partially crystalline and completely amorphous PLA, indicating that the dielectric properties of “as-printed” PLA are similar to the latter. Finally, we demonstrate that the conductivity of PLA can be enhanced by mixing it with the ionic liquid “trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium decanoate.” This provides a route to tailor PLA for complex functional products produced by an economical fused filament fabrication.

scholarly journals Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Nonedible Cottonseed Nanofluids for Power Transformers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan A. Farade ◽  
Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab ◽  
Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour ◽  
Norhafiz B. Azis ◽  
Jasronita bt. Jasni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Dielectric And Thermal Properties

Sustainable materials, such as vegetable oils, have become an effective alternative for liquid dielectrics in power transformers. However, currently available vegetable oils for transformer application are extracted from edible products with a negative impact on food supply. So, it is proposed in this study to develop cottonseed oil (CSO) as an electrical insulating material and cooling medium in transformers. This development is performed in two stages. The first stage is to treat CSO with tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidants in order to enhance its oxidation stability. The second and most important stage is to use the promising graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to enhance the dielectric and thermal properties of such oil through synthesizing GO-based CSO nanofluids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant was used as surfactant for GO nanosheets. The nanofluid synthesis process followed the two-step method. Proper characterization of GO nanosheets and prepared nanofluids was performed using various techniques to validate the structure of GO nanosheets and their stability into the prepared nanofluids. The considered weight percentages of GO nanosheets into CSO are 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05. Dielectric and thermal properties were comprehensively evaluated. Through these evaluations, the proper weight percentage of GO nanosheets was adopted and the corresponding physical mechanisms were discussed.

Comparing the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA/Organosolv Lignin Biocomposites Made of Different Biomass for 3D Printing Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
John Obielodan ◽  
Maia Delwiche ◽  
Dan Clark ◽  
Cassie Downing ◽  
Delanie Huntoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Organosolv Lignin ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Tension Testing

Abstract This work investigates the differences in mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/lignin biocomposites made of four different unmodified organosolv lignin materials, three of which were extracted from different woody biomass (maple, oak, and pine) in-house, and one sourced commercially. Filaments made from blends of 30wt% and 40wt% of the in-house lignin and the commercially sourced lignin as fillers in PLA were used to 3D-print experimental test samples using fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Statistically significant differences were observed in the mechanical properties based on tension testing and Izod impact testing, while differences in thermal properties based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis were less significant. Test samples with 30wt% lignin had tensile strengths that were higher than those of 40wt% lignin. Among the three in-house extracted lignin from the woody biomass resources, maple-based composites consistently yielded the highest tensile strengths while oak-based materials yielded the highest stiffness in tension testing and the most stability in impact resistance. The pine-based materials showed the most decline in strengths between 30wt% and 40wt% lignin loadings. The commercially obtained lignin at 30wt% and pine-based lignin at 40wt% yielded much higher percent elongations at failure than all other materials. This study demonstrates the influence of lignin biomass resources and their concentrations on the properties and performances of 3D printed specimens.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Multiblock Thermoplastic Elastomers - Poly(ester-imide-ether) - Based on Pyromellitic Dianhydride, Glycine, 1,4-Butanediol and Polytetramethylene Glycol

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 822-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Shao Jian Lin ◽  
Jian Wu Lan ◽  
Jiao Jiao Shang ◽  
Ya Ni Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Pyromellitic Dianhydride ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Good Solubility

A series of multiblock thermoplastic ploy(ester imide ether)s elastomers derived from polytetramethylene glycol of molecule weight is 1000 (PTMG1000), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and a new imide diacid monomer were synthesized of Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and glycine (GLY). was synthesized by two-step melting polycondensation method. Their chemical structures were studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy as well as their thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Otherwise, the solubility of these polymers was characterized by various organic solvents. The effects of the hard/soft segment content on the thermal properties and soluble behavior were investigated. The result demonstrated that these copolymers had better thermal properties (Tm: 225~280°C and T5% : 350~353°C) than those of conventional thermoplastic elastomers due to the introduction of imide bond. At the same time, the polymers have good solubility.

Characterization of Nostoc muscorum NCCU-442 Derived Poly-3- hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Sabbir Ansari ◽  
Tasneem Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Mixed Microbial Culture ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Casting Technique

Background: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has attracted much consideration as biodegradable biocompatible polymer. This thermoplastic polymer has comparable material properties to polypropylene. Materials with more valuable properties may result from blending, a common practice in polymer science. Objective: In this paper, blends of PHB (extracted from cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum NCCU- 442 with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated for their thermal, tensile, hydrophilic and biodegradation properties. Methods: Blends were prepared in different proportions of PHB/PEG viz. 100/0, 98/2, 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 (wt %) using solvent casting technique. Morphological properties were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were done for thermal properties determination whereas the mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the blends were studied by means of an automated material testing system and contact angle analyser respectively. Biodegradability potential of the blended films was tested as percent weight loss by mixed microbial culture within 60 days. Results: The blends showed good misciblity between PEG and PHB, however increasing concentrations of plasticizer caused morphological alteration as evidenced by SEM micrographs. PEG addition (10 % and above) showed significant alternations in the thermal properties of the blends. Increase in the PEG content increased the elongation at break ratio i.e enhanced the required plasticity of PHB. Rate of microbial facilitated degradation of the blends was greater with increasing PEG concentrations. Conclusion: Blending with PEG increased the crucial polymeric properties of cyanobacterial PHB.

scholarly journals Improved Processing and Properties for Polyphenylene Oxide Modified by Diallyl Orthophthalate Prepolymer

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Honghua Wang ◽  
Qilin Mei ◽  
Yujie Ding ◽  
Zhixiong Huang ◽  
Minxian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyphenylene Oxide

Diallyl orthophthalate (DAOP) prepolymer was investigated as a reactive plasticizer to improve the processability of thermoplastics. The rheology of blends of DAOP prepolymer initiated by 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane (DMDPB) and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) was monitored during the curing process, and their thermal properties and morphology in separated phases were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the cure degree of the reactively plasticized DAOP prepolymer was reduced with increasing PPO due to the dilution effect. The increasing amount of the DAOP prepolymer led to a gradual decrease in the viscosity of the blends and the rheology behavior was consistent with the chemical gelation of DAOP prepolymer in blends. This indicated that the addition of the DAOP prepolymer effectively improved processability. The phase separation occurring during curing of the blend and the transition from the static to dynamic mode significantly influences the development of the morphology of the blend corresponding to limited evolution of the conversion around the gel point.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

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