scholarly journals Novel Polyurethanes Based on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation of Binders for Environmentally Responsible Rocket Propellants

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3828
Author(s):  
Florin Marian Dîrloman ◽  
Gabriela Toader ◽  
Traian Rotariu ◽  
Tudor Viorel Țigănescu ◽  
Raluca Elena Ginghină ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Rocket Propellant ◽  
Rocket Propellants ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Innovative Solution

Novel polyurethane-based binders, specifically designed for environmentally responsible rocket propellant composites, were obtained by employing the polyester-polyols that resulted from the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate waste. A new class of “greener” rocket propellants, comprising polyurethanes (based on recycled PET) as the binder, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) as the eco-friendly oxidizer, and triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) as the energetic plasticizer, together with aluminum as fuel and Fe2O3 as the catalyst, is herein reported. The components of the energetic mixtures were investigated (individually and as composite materials) through specific analytical tools: 1H-NMR, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, DTA and TGA, tensile and compression tests, DMA, and micro-CT. Moreover, the feasibility of this innovative solution is sustained by the ballistic performances exhibited by these composite materials in a subscale rocket motor, proving that these new formulations are suitable for rocket propellant applications.

scholarly journals Mechanical and structural properties of composites made from recycled and virgin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and metal chip or mesh wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Mircea Aurelian Antoniu Rusu ◽  
Sever-Adrian Radu ◽  
Catalin Moldovan ◽  
Codruta Sarosi ◽  
Ionela Amalia Mazilu (Moldovan) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Plastic Processing ◽  
Metal Chip ◽  
Intense Research ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Although polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a champion of recycling, intense research is being done to find new solutions for using recycled plastic. This study aims to characterize the mechanical andstructural properties (SEM- scanning electron microscopy) of products made from recycled metal swarf or mesh wire with recycled plastic (PET) in comparison with virgin plastic. Samples manufactured from virgin and recycled PET are made by pressing and high temperature. The loss of mechanical properties ofproducts made from recycled plastic is a major drawback that influences their use. SEM images confirm that the dispersion and distribution of the PET phase is not very uniform. By addition of virgin plastic in various compositions with recycled plastic, processing parameters and mechanical properties can be optimized.

scholarly journals Production of PBT(polybutylene terephthalate) Oligomer from Recycled PET(polyethylene terephthalate)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Minjeong Cho ◽  
Jeongin Yang ◽  
Seunghyun Noh ◽  
Hongjae Joe ◽  
Myungwan Han
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Recycled Pet

scholarly journals Fabrication of New Geopolymer Binder from Demolition Waste and Ignimbrite Slits for Application in the Construction Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
D.L. Mayta-Ponce ◽  
P. Soto-Cruz ◽  
F.A. Huamán-Mamani
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Geopolymer Binder

Geopolymeric mortars with volumetric fractions of 0.6:1:0.3 for a binder powder, fine sand and sodium hydroxide solution (12M), respectively; have been fabricated by mixing the solid materials and the subsequent addition of sodium hydroxide solution 12M to form a workable paste, to later be cured for 28 days at room temperature. The microstructures of the fabricated materials reveal the existence of two phases with notable difference, one continuous to the geopolymer binder phase and another discontinuous of fine sand particles agglutinated by the binder phase. Mechanical compression tests are performed at a constant compression rate of 0.05 mm/min and at temperatures ranged from room temperature to 500°C. The mechanical results are ranged from 19 and 69 MPa for all the materials studied. On the other hand, there was an increase in mechanical resistance up to test temperatures of 200°C and the progressive reduction of resistance at temperatures above 200°C, with a fragile-ductile transition zone between 400 and 500°C and completely ductile behavior from test temperatures of 500°C.

Thermomechanical evaluation of new geopolymer binder from demolition waste and ignimbrite slits for application in the construction industry

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (54) ◽  
pp. 2951-2958
Author(s):  
D.L. Mayta-Ponce ◽  
P. Soto-Cruz ◽  
F.A. Huamán-Mamani
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Geopolymer Binder

ABSTRACTGeopolymeric mortars with volumetric fractions of 0.6:1:0.3 for a binder powder, fine sand and sodium hydroxide solution (12M), respectively; have been fabricated by mixing the solid materials and the subsequent addition of sodium hydroxide solution 12M to form a workable paste, to later be cured for 28 days at room temperature. The microstructures of the fabricated materials reveal the existence of two phases with notable difference, one continuous to the geopolymer binder phase and another discontinuous of fine sand particles agglutinated by the binder phase. Mechanical compression tests are performed at a constant compression rate of 0.05 mm/min and at temperatures ranged from room temperature to 500°C. The mechanical results are ranged from 19 and 69 MPa for all the materials studied. On the other hand, there was an increase in mechanical resistance up to test temperatures of 200°C and the progressive reduction of resistance at temperatures above 200°C, with a fragile-ductile transition zone between 400 and 500°C and completely ductile behavior from test temperatures of 500°C.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce concrete for building constructions. The rapid increase in building constructions and the demand for natural aggregates has resulted in depletion natural resources at an alarming rate. Uncontrolled mining activity worsens the situation. Thus serious awareness has been taken into consideration, has to be identified as a potential river sand substitution for fine aggregates replacement in concrete. For this review, utilizing recycled material are described as a fine aggregate replacement to river sand, particularly recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. Recycled PET Bottles are categorized as nonbiodegradable waste materials which are injurious to health. Recycled PET bottles in concrete are economical and help in reducing disposal problems. Recycled PET bottles are pondered as the best eco-friendly alternative not only for resolving the problem of disposal but as a new construction material for concrete

scholarly journals Halloysite silanization in polyethylene terephthalate composites for bottling and packaging applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Garcia-Escobar ◽  
Jaime Bonilla-Rios ◽  
Adriana Berenice Espinoza-Martinez ◽  
Patricia Cerda-Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractComposite materials of polyethylene terephthalate with silanized halloysite nanoclay were prepared and characterized. Halloysite was first functionalized with benzoyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and then incorporated it into the polymer matrix via melt extrusion at 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% clay load ratios. The modified clay was characterized by means of elemental carbon quantification, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The silanization was confirmed to have taken place with an approximate reaction yield of 5%. While the silanization did not significantly affect the crystal structure or the morphological properties of the clay, a mass loss starting from 190 °C attributed to the organosilane compound used to modify the clay was observed in the reacted samples, along with increased thermal stability. The composite materials exhibited an increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in the ultimate strain, but not a significant change in the oxygen permeability of the composites with respect to the neat PET. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Migrants in Polyethylene Terephthalate Samples of Ecuadorian Market

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Karina Marín-Morocho ◽  
Sandra Domenek ◽  
Rómulo Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Pet Bottles

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the plastic packaging material most widely used to produce bottles intended for contact with food and beverages. However, PET is not inert, and therefore, some chemical compounds present in PET could migrate to food or beverages in contact, leading to safety issues. To evaluate the safety of PET samples, the identification of potential migrants is required. In this work, eight PET samples obtained from the Ecuadorian market at different phases of processing were studied using a well-known methodology based on a solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and overall migration test. Several chemical compounds were identified and categorized as lubricants (carboxylic acids with chain length of C12 to C18), plasticizers (triethyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate), thermal degradation products (p-xylene, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid), antioxidant degradation products (from Irgafos 168 and Irganox), and recycling indicator compounds (limonene, benzophenone, alkanes, and aldehydes). Additionally, overall migration experiments were performed in PET bottles, resulting in values lower than the overall migration limit (10 mg/dm2); however, the presence of some compounds identified in the samples could be related to contamination during manufacturing or to the use of recycled PET-contaminated flakes. In this context, the results obtained in this study could be of great significance to the safety evaluation of PET samples in Ecuador and would allow analyzing the PET recycling processes and avoiding contamination by PET flakes from nonfood containers.

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