Emerging Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer is a disease that has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. The current conventional therapies utilized for the treatment of cancer have detrimental side effects. This led scientific researchers to explore new therapeutic avenues with an improved benefit to risk profile. Researchers have found nanoparticles, particles between the 1 and 100 nm range, to be encouraging tools in the area of cancer. Magnetic nanoparticles are one of many available nanoparticles at present. Magnetic nanoparticles have increasingly been receiving a considerable amount of attention in recent years owing to their unique magnetic properties, among many others. Magnetic nanoparticles can be controlled by an external magnetic field, signifying their ability to be site specific. The most popular approaches for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles are co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal, and polyol synthesis. The functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles is essential as it significantly increases their biocompatibility. The most utilized functionalization agents are comprised of polymers. The synthesis and functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles will be further explored in this review. The biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles investigated in this review are drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, and diagnosis. The diagnosis aspect focuses on the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical trials and toxicology studies relating to the application of magnetic nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer will also be discussed in this review.

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BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292010002165 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 05 (05) ◽

pp. 245-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

AIGUO WU ◽

PING OU ◽

LEYONG ZENG

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Short Description ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Drug Delivery Carrier ◽

Targeted Drug ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In this review, the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine are summarized and introduced in three parts. (1) A short description of magnetic nanoparticles is explained. (2) Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine are summarized. In biology, new progress of the magnetic separation techniques based on magnetic nanoparticles is discussed. In medicine, the magnetic nanoparticles as therapeutic agents (particularly as a hyperthermia agent, a targeted drug delivery carrier, and a magnetofection agent) as well as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are explained in detail. (3) A discussion and remarking conclusion of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications are described. Finally, a perspective of the magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine in future is also described.

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Quantifying intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in live single cells by site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy

Journal of Nanobiotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12951-021-01147-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suresh Kumar Chakkarapani ◽

Tae Hwan Shin ◽

Seungah Lee ◽

Kyung-Soo Park ◽

Gwang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Intracellular Trafficking ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Single Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Nih3t3 Cells ◽

Site Specific ◽

Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy ◽

Optical Reconstruction

Abstract Background Nanoparticles have been used for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, diagnosis, and imaging based on their unique properties derived from small size and large surface-to-volume ratio. However, concerns regarding unexpected toxicity due to the localization of nanoparticles in the cells are growing. Herein, we quantified the number of cell-internalized nanoparticles and monitored their cellular localization, which are critical factors for biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Methods This study investigates the intracellular trafficking of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles containing rhodamine B isothiocyanate dye [MNPs@SiO2(RITC)] in various live single cells, such as HEK293, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cells, using site-specific direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). The time-dependent subdiffraction-limit spatial resolution of the dSTORM method allowed intracellular site-specific quantification and tracking of MNPs@SiO2(RITC). Results The MNPs@SiO2(RITC) were observed to be highly internalized in RAW 264.7 cells, compared to the HEK293 and NIH3T3 cells undergoing single-particle analysis. In addition, MNPs@SiO2(RITC) were internalized within the nuclei of RAW 264.7 and HEK293 cells but were not detected in the nuclei of NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, because of the treatment of the MNPs@SiO2(RITC), more micronuclei were detected in RAW 264.7 cells than in other cells. Conclusion The sensitive and quantitative evaluations of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) at specific sites in three different cells using a combination of dSTORM, transcriptomics, and molecular biology were performed. These findings highlight the quantitative differences in the uptake efficiency of MNPs@SiO2(RITC) and ultra-sensitivity, varying according to the cell types as ascertained by subdiffraction-limit super-resolution microscopy. Graphical Abstract

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One-Pot Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles via Thiol−Ene Click Reaction for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Chemistry of Materials ◽

10.1021/cm100810g ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 3768-3772 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Koichiro Hayashi ◽

Kenji Ono ◽

Hiromi Suzuki ◽

Makoto Sawada ◽

Makoto Moriya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Click Reaction ◽

Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

One Pot

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A review: Development of magnetic nano vectors for biomedical applications

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.2.0169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 085-110

Author(s):

Sumaira Nosheen ◽

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Syed Hussain Abidi ◽

Quratulain Syed ◽

Farzana Habib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Colloidal Stability ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Biomedical Science ◽

Polyol Synthesis ◽

Sonochemical Method ◽

Surface Corrosion ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

Co Precipitation

The study of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is an emergent field of science in this era due to their widespread utilization in the various fields of biomedical science. Developing concerns of magnetic nanoparticles in the researcher’s field led to design a huge number of MNPs including individual or binary metallic particles, oxides, (ferrites), biopolymer coated composites, metallic carbides and graphene mediated nanoparticles. Numerous synthetic routes are defined in literature to attain the desired size, crystal structure, morphology and magnetic properties. To build up biocompatibility, MNPs subjected to surface treatments by coating with some suitable organic or inorganic biomaterials which not only improves its physical characteristics but also elevate its chemical stability. These biomaterials coat either isolatly or in a combined state to enhance the colloidal stability, magnetic properties as well as prevent it cytotoxicity and surface corrosion in the biological media. These properties are essential for the particles and empowering their effectiveness in various biomedical science i.e., drug delivery Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, biosensors and gene therapy etc. Current review recapitulates the verdicts of previous research on the subject of magnetic nanoparticles. It will also explain the recent advancements of biomaterials that execute a dynamic role in various medical treatments. Our main focus is to report the particle types, design and properties as well as discussing various synthetic routes including sol gel, co-precipitation, microemulsion, green synthesis, sonochemical method and polyol synthesis etc. These methods produced particles of excellent yield with unique magnetic properties, coercivity and crystallinity and enhanced biocompatibility as compared to traditional methods used to develop MNPs.

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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3158-6.ch060 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1424-1447

Author(s):

Irshad Ahmad Wani

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic nanoparticles due to their unique magnetic phenomenon, are gaining immense interest due to the utilization of these properties for a wide variety of applications in various arena especially in biomedical field. This book chapter, therefore, summarizes the synthesis of various types of magnetic nanoparticles using different approaches depending of their ability to generate either single core of multcore magnetic nanoparticles. The various biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), drug delivery etc. along with possible limitations and challenges for their extended applications in medicine are also discussed.

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Magnetogels: Prospects and Main Challenges in Biomedical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics10030145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sérgio Veloso ◽

Paula Ferreira ◽

J. Martins ◽

Paulo Coutinho ◽

Elisabete Castanheira

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Magnetic Field Gradient ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Conventional Chemotherapy ◽

Future Goals ◽

Promising Application ◽

New Generation

Drug delivery nanosystems have been thriving in recent years as a promising application in therapeutics, seeking to solve the lack of specificity of conventional chemotherapy targeting and add further features such as enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, biosensing and hyperthermia. The combination of magnetic nanoparticles and hydrogels introduces a new generation of nanosystems, the magnetogels, which combine the advantages of both nanomaterials, apart from showing interesting properties unobtainable when both systems are separated. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles allows the control and targeting of the nanosystem to a specific location by an externally applied magnetic field gradient. Moreover, the application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) not only allows therapy through hyperthermia, but also enhances drug delivery and chemotherapeutic desired effects, which combined with the hydrogel specificity, confer a high therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, the present review summarizes the magnetogels properties and critically discusses their current and recent biomedical applications, apart from an outlook on future goals and perspectives.

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NiCu magnetic nanoparticles: review of synthesis methods, surface functionalization approaches, and biomedical applications

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2017-0193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 187-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Irena Ban ◽

Janja Stergar ◽

Uroš Maver

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Parameter Tuning ◽

Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽

The Body ◽

General Interest ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Promising Application ◽

And Chemical Properties

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted extensive interest in recent years because of their unique magnetic, electronic, catalytical, optical, and chemical properties. Lately, research on bimetallic MNPs based on nickel and copper (NiCu MNPs) gained momentum owing to their desired properties for use in biomedicine, such as their chemical stability, biocompatibility, and highly tunable magnetic properties by means of synthesis parameter tuning. The general interest of using NiCu MNPs in biomedical applications is still low, although it is steadily increasing as can be deduced from the number of related publications in the last years. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), superparamagnetic particles (such as NiCu MNPs) generate heat by relaxation losses. Consequently, magnetic hyperthermia in cancer treatment seems to be their most promising application in medicine, although others are emerging as well, such as their use to guide potent drugs to the targeted site or to prolong their localization at a desired site in the body. This review is the first, to the best of our knowledge, that covers the available knowledge related to the preparation of NiCu MNPs using different methods, their resulting properties, and the already developed functionalization methods and that discusses everything mentioned in relation to their possible applicability in biomedicine.

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Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2008.399 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 3247-3271 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Mini Namdeo ◽

Sutanjay Saxena ◽

Rasika Tankhiwale ◽

M. Bajpai ◽

Y. M. Mohan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Brain Targeting ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast ◽

The Individual

In recent past magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for a number of biomedical applications due to their superparamagnetic moment with high magnetic saturation value. For these biomedical applications, magnetic nanoparticles require being monodispersed so that the individual nanoparticle has almost identical physico-chemical properties for biodistribution, bioelimination and contrast imaging potential. Further, the surface functionalization/modification of magnetic nanoparticles ultimately facilitate the protein or DNA separation, detection and magnetic resonance imaging contrast, drug delivery and hyperthermia applications. The essential goal of this review is to evaluate the recent advances of magnetic nanoparticles for tumor, brain targeting and hyperthermia applications.

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Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Doped with Gd: Phase Transformations as a Result of Thermal Annealing

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Artem Kozlovskiy ◽

Kamila Egizbek ◽

Maxim V. Zdorovets ◽

Kayrat Kadyrzhanov

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Phase Composition ◽

Phase Transformations ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽

Fe2o3 Nanoparticles ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Structure Of Nanoparticles ◽

Gd2o3 Nanoparticles

The aim of this work is to study the effect of the phase composition of the synthesized Fe2O3-Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the efficiency of using magnetic hyperthermia as a basis for experiments. This class of structures is one of the most promising materials for biomedical applications and magnetic resonance imaging. In the course of the study, the dynamics of phase transformations of nanoparticles Fe2O3 → Fe2O3/GdFeO3 → GdFeO3 were established depending on the annealing temperature. It has been determined that the predominance of the GdFeO3 phase in the structure of nanoparticles leads to an increase in their size from 15 to 40 nm. However, during experiments to determine the resistance to degradation and corrosion, it was found that GdFeO3 nanoparticles have the highest corrosion resistance. During the hyperthermal tests, it was found that a change in the phase composition of nanoparticles, as well as their size, leads to an increase in the heating rate of nanoparticles, which can be further used for practical purposes.

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