scholarly journals Composite Polymers from Leather Waste to Produce Smart Fertilizers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Daniela Simina Stefan ◽  
Magdalena Bosomoiu ◽  
Rodica Roxana Constantinescu ◽  
Madalina Ignat
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
New Class ◽  
Composite Polymers ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Leather Wastes

The leather industry is facing important environmental issues related to waste disposal. The waste generated during the tanning process is an important resource of protein (mainly collagen) which can be extracted and reused in different applications (e.g., medical, agricultural, leather industry). On the other side, the utilization of chemical fertilizers must be decreased because of the negative effects associated to an extensive use of conventional chemical fertilizers. This review presents current research trends, challenges and future perspectives with respect to the use of hide waste to produce composite polymers that are further transformed in smart fertilizers. Hide waste contains mostly protein (collagen that is a natural polymer), that is extracted to be used in the cross-linking with water soluble copolymers to obtain the hydrogels which are further valorised as smart fertilizers. Smart fertilizers are a new class of fertilizers which allow the controlled release of the nutrients in synchronization with the plant’s demands. Characteristics of hide and leather wastes are pointed out. The fabrication methods of smart fertilizers and the mechanisms for the nutrients release are extensively discussed. This novel method is in agreement with the circular economy concepts and solves, on one side, the problem of hide waste disposal, and on the other side produces smart fertilizers that can successfully replace conventional chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Study of the dechroming of tanned leather wastes

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Tatjana Botic ◽  
Nadezda Iliskovic ◽  
Dijana Drljaca
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Initial Amount ◽  
Economic Saving ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Oxidation Agent ◽  
Tanning Industry

According to European legislation, it is not possible to dump any chromium-containing waste in Europe. The minimization of wastes is a key element in that strategy. It involves the application of clean technologies: low and non-waste technologies. The tanning industry generates substantial quantities of chromium-containing solid waste in the form of shavings and trimmings. The recycling and reuse of those wastes must be the primary target in optimizing processes of the leather industry. The problem is in a satisfying chromium separation from collagen fibers. Common hydrolysis processes-alkaline or acidic-give gelatins containing residual chromium (III). By using an oxidation agent (H2O2) before alkaline hydrolysis, in was demonstrated that chromium from chromium-containing leather wastes can be almost fully recovered by the previous oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). This chromium can be reused in the tanning process. That would represent an economic saving. The best result of the dechroming process was a gelatin hydrolyzate with only 1.11 in respect to the initial amount.

scholarly journals Down the Sewer: How Semi-Informal Tanneries Management Policies Affect Residual Water Disposal in Colombian Business Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Omar BORDA ◽  
Gregorio PUELLO-SOCARRÁS
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Tanning Process

In Colombia, the issue of waste discharges derived from the tanning process to water bodies is a scenario that has been widely documented. However, measurement exercises have failed to identify improvements in this process that integrates administrative knowledge with concepts of labor, social and environmental welfare. The present article is the culmination of research conducted within the framework of the project “Estudio comparativo de la administración y las repercusiones socio-ambientales en las empresas del sector de curtiembre. Case Bogotá (Barrio San Benito), Case Barranquilla and Case Villapinzón (Cundinamarca)” (Comparative study of the administration and the socio-environmental repercussions in tanning sector companies. Case Bogotá (Barrio San Benito), Case Barranquilla and Case Villapinzón (Cundinamarca)) concerning the administrative practices and the negative effects derived from the absence of management systems for negative externalities caused to the environment by companies in the tanning sector. The study was developed as follows: initially, a systematic documentary review of the laws, decrees and regulations that have a direct or indirect impact on the tanning sector was carried out, followed by field work using data collection instruments (questionnaires) in the San Benito neighborhood (Bogotá), in the town of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca) and in the city of Barranquilla (Atlántico), where there are formal and informal work clusters dedicated to the leather industry. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between administrative styles and formal processes of strategic planning activities development with the adoption of dumping control systems and other aspects related to environmental management, oriented to the organizational level. Based on the above, the information was analyzed with emphasis on those companies with a common denominator in their control strategies in relation to those policies that were the result of administrative and business practices and that finally led to the desired effects in the social, environmental and economic spheres. Finally, the discussion section focuses on the recognition of these good practices and the possibility that they could be replicated by other actors on the global level.

scholarly journals Tannery Solid Waste into Wealth by Non-Edible Gelatin Production from Raw Trimmings

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Md. Saidur Rhaman Shakil ◽  
Sobur Ahmed ◽  
Estehad Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Process Manufacturing ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Tannery Solid Waste ◽  
Optimum Extraction

During the conversion of raw hides or skins into leather involves generation of enormous amount of solid waste which has been major concern for environment and cause detrimental effect on it. In leather industry solid wastes can be generated almost from all operations including pre-tanning, tanning, and even post tanning operation. Solid wastes are mainly raw trimmings, fleshing, chrome shaving, buffing dust, keratin, finished scraps etc. The economic development of a country depends on the utilization of indigenous raw materials and their by-products.  This paper focuses on utilization of raw trimmings into useful product like non edible gelatin those demand is going up day by day due to its versatile application in various fields. Raw trimmings are mainly originated during sorting of leather before actual tanning process happens and best for non- edible gelatin production as it does not contain any harmful chemicals. This study will also describe the chemical properties of gelatin, gelatin manufacturing process, manufacturing parameters from the leather wastes like raw trimmings. Optimum extraction of non-edible gelatin from raw trimmings found at 75-85ₒC for 12 hours in slightly basic condition. This study found that huge amount of raw trimmings which generally thrown directly to environment can serve as potential raw materials for the manufacture of non-edible as well as edible gelatin.

scholarly journals Present and prospective leather industry waste disposal

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Fela ◽  
Krystyna Wieczorek-Ciurowa ◽  
Michał Konopka ◽  
Zenon Woźny
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Tannery Solid Waste ◽  
Disposal Problem

Present and prospective leather industry waste disposal In this paper general characteristics of the main leather industry waste regarding its amount reduction by thermal treatment have been presented. Both the tannery solid wastes and the sludge contain organic substances. Their energy value is more than 50% higher in comparison to hard coal (nominally 20 MJ/kg as dry material). Up to now, the considerable amounts of energy are not recovered; leather wastes are predominantly on landfill. Implementation of a comprehensive thermal method for tannery solid waste and sludge utilization can permit to solve the waste disposal problem by effective neutralization of all of the waste. Moreover, it should bring economic benefits associated with steam or hot water production and landfill tax avoiding. The study is oriented towards the practical application.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

RECYCLED BRICK SOUNDPROOF TEST AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Hendrico Firzandy Latupeirissa ◽  
Gierlang Bhakti Putra ◽  
Niki Prastomo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Made In

Brick debris that makes up the majority of construction waste has not received proper waste disposal in Indonesia. On the other hand, brick debris could be potentially reused as non-structural building materials to reduce its negative impact on the environment. This study aims to test the effectiveness of soundproofing on recycled brick debris. The soundproof test was carried out on brick debris in the form of fine and coarse grains. The simulation box is then used as a support for the brickwork material and then the box is exposed to a sound source with a certain level of noise that is considered disturbing human comfort. Noise level measurements are made in the outside and inside the box. These measurements are tabulated and then analyzed to see the success of the two aggregates in reducing noise. Basically, the brickwork material has succeeded in becoming a recycled building material that can absorb noise, although further research must be carried out to be able to state that this material is truly ready to be used as an alternative building material with good acoustic capabilities.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of 137Cs Sorption/Desorption by Bentonite Clays of Cherkasy Deposit from Groundwater Model Solutions of Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities at the “Vector” Production Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
B. H. Shabalin ◽  
◽  
К. К. Yaroshenko ◽  
S. P. Buhera
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Groundwater Model ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The main feature of bentonite clays is their high sorption capacity with respect to various radionuclides. The study of sorption kinetics of 137Cs was performed in the static mode by natural and industrial soda modified (PBA-20) samples of bentonite clays of Cherkasy deposit of bentonite and paligorskite clays from groundwater model solutions of radioactive waste disposal facilities of “Vector” production complex under various pH and solution mineralisation. The desorption of occluded samples was studied in distilled water and acetateammonium buffer solution. The value of the degree of sorption (S) for 137Cs on the modified samples exceeds 90%, for natural bentonite this indicator is lower (about 83–85%). On both types of bentonite with increasing time of their contact with aqueous solution and pH, there is a redistribution of water-soluble, ion-exchange and fixed forms of radionuclide and the share of the latter, that is not participating in migration processes increases, indicating the ability of bentonites to immobilize effectively for a long time. It is shown that Na-modified bentonite has higher proportion of sorption in fixed form compared to natural one and its application increases the probability of irreversible fixation of migrating radionuclides under non-optimal conditions of sorption (high pH (>11) of water after prolonged contact with cement-concrete components of engineering barriers) and thus increases the environmental safety of the storage facility. It is shown that bentonite clays of the Cherkasy deposit can serve as an effective material for creating anti-migration barriers of I and II stages of surface/near-surface storage facilities for radioactive waste disposal at the “Vector” production complex. At the same time, the issue of practical application of bentonite clays of Cherkasy deposit for accurate predictions of securing radioactive waste disposal of Chornobyl origin requires further study of sorption-desorption properties of bentonite clay with respect to other fission products and actinides

scholarly journals The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.

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