scholarly journals Highly Porous Graphitic Activated Carbons from Lignite via Microwave Pretreatment and Iron-Catalyzed Graphitization at Low-Temperature for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Xiaoman Zhao ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Zhengkai Hao ◽  
Boyin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Porous

At present, the preparation of highly porous graphitic activated carbons (HPGACs) using the usual physical and chemical activation methods has met a bottleneck. In this study, HPGACs are directly synthesized from lignite at 900 °C. The whole process is completed by a microwave pretreatment, a graphitization conversion of the carbon framework at a low temperature using a small amount of FeCl3 (10–30 wt%), and a subsequent physical activation using CO2. Consequently, the dispersed and mobile iron species, in the absence of oxygen functional groups (removed during the microwave pretreatment), can greatly promote catalytic graphitization during pyrolysis, and, as an activating catalyst, can further facilitate the porosity development during activation. The as-obtained AC-2FeHLH-5-41.4(H) presents a low defect density, high purity, and specific surface area of 1852.43 m2 g−1, which is far greater than the AC-HLH-5-55.6(H) obtained solely by physical activation. AC-2FeHLH-5-41.4(H) as a supercapacitor electrode presents an excellent performance in the further electrochemical measurements. Such a convenient and practical method with low cost proves a scalable method to prepare HPGACs from a wide range of coal/biomass materials for industrial scale-up and applications.

scholarly journals Removal of Various Contaminants by Highly Porous Activated Carbon Sorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste Produced in Malaysia - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Z. Zabi ◽  
W.N. Wan Ibrahim ◽  
N.S. Mohammad Hanapi ◽  
N. Mat Hadzir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbon Sorbent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Porous Activated Carbon

This paper aims to review recent studies in preparing activated carbons from different types of agricultural wastes in Malaysia and how it can help Malaysia manage agricultural waste. It can be seen that most biomasses can be used as precursors to produce activated carbon for a wide range of pollutants and this adsorbent can be modified to optimally function depending on the types of pollutants. Under optimum dosages, modification through chemical activation using acidic, basic, or drying agents has significant effects on the selectivity of the analyte adsorption. The acidic activating agent causes the activated carbon to have negatively charged acid groups which enable it to adsorb cationic adsorbate while the basic activating agent causes the adsorbent to have a positive surface charge and enable it to adsorb anionic adsorbate.

Design and Synthesis of Highly Porous Activated Carbons from Sargassum as Advanced Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (14) ◽  
pp. A3109-A3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiqiang Guo ◽  
Xiaopeng Jia ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Xiaochen Jiang ◽  
Kuangye Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Highly Porous

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbons from Waste External Thermal-Insulating Phenolic Foam Boards

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Lijuan Gao ◽  
Xiaojun Zheng ◽  
Yaming Zhu ◽  
Xuefei Zhao ◽  
Junxia Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Phenolic Foam

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by steam physical activation or KOH chemical activation with the waste external thermal-insulating phenolic foam board as the raw material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific area, pore-size distribution and iodine value were used to characterize the properties of ACs. AC-1(with the method of KOH chemical activation) has the iodine value of 2300mg/g, BET specific area of 1293 m2g-1, average pore-size of 2.4 nm, and mainly composed of micropore and relatively small mesopore. AC-2(with the method of steam physical activation) has the iodine value of 1665mg/g. Compared with AC-2, AC-1 had a pore-size distribution with more evenly and relative concentrated, it’s belonging to the high microporosity materials. Actually, chemical activation had more significant influence on destruction of the pore wall than physical activation.

scholarly journals Activated Carbons (AC) Prepared by Direct CO2 Activation of Parsea Americana seeds Biomass for Supercapacitor Electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2049 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Ramadani Putri Anakis ◽  
Irma Apriyani
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Co2 Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cyclic Voltametry ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Biomass converted into activated carbon (AC) by using physical activation method can form micro-meso pore structure and maintain the interconnected natural pore network of biomass. AC is prepared from the biomass of Parsea Americana seeds (PAS) through a process of pre-carbonization, chemical activation, carbonization and physical activation which is activated at temperatures of 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. Characterization of physical properties of AC electrodes consisted of X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray and characterization of electrochemical properties of supercapacitor cells using Cyclic Voltametry. The results showed that the microstructure of the AC electrode has a semicrystalline structure characterized by the presence of two sloping peaks at an angle of 2θ around 24° and 44° which corresponded to the hkl (002) and (100) planes, where the lowest Lc value was produced by the PAS-900 sample. The PAS-900 sample had aggregates or lumps with smaller size in small amounts in the presence of micro-mesopores and had the highest carbon content of 94.50% with the highest capacitance value of 203.12 F/g. The temperature of 900°C is the best activation temperature in the process of manufacture AC electrodes from Parsea Americana seeds biomass for supercapacitor cell applications.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Maciej Klein ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś ◽  
Justyna Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Carbon Production

Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.

scholarly journals CO2 and CH4 Adsorption Behavior of Biomass-Based Activated Carbons

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deneb Peredo-Mancilla ◽  
Imen Ghouma ◽  
Cecile Hort ◽  
Camelia Matei Ghimbeu ◽  
Mejdi Jeguirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Physical Activation

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of different activation methods for the production of a biomass-based activated carbon on the CO 2 and CH 4 adsorption. The influence of the activation method on the adsorption uptake was studied using three activated carbons obtained by different activation methods (H 3 PO 4 chemical activation and H 2 O and CO 2 physical activation) of olive stones. Methane and carbon dioxide pure gas adsorption experiments were carried out at two working temperatures (303.15 and 323.15 K). The influence of the activation method on the adsorption uptake was studied in terms of both textural properties and surface chemistry. For the three adsorbents, the CO 2 adsorption was more important than that of CH 4 . The chemically-activated carbon presented a higher specific surface area and micropore volume, which led to a higher adsorption capacity of both CO 2 and CH 4 . For methane adsorption, the presence of mesopores facilitated the diffusion of the gas molecules into the micropores. In the case of carbon dioxide adsorption, the presence of more oxygen groups on the water vapor-activated carbon enhanced its adsorption capacity.

Highly porous graphitic biomass carbon as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 4132-4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youning Gong ◽  
Delong Li ◽  
Chengzhi Luo ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Chunxu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
One Step ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode Materials ◽  
Highly Porous

3D porous graphitic biomass carbon as advanced supercapacitor electrode materials synthesized by a low-cost and effective one-step method.

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