scholarly journals Comparative Study of Mercury(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions onto Natural and Iron-Modified Clinoptilolite Rich Zeolite

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Teja Čeru ◽  
Ivona Nuić ◽  
Marina Trgo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Co Precipitation

The contamination of soil and water bodies with mercury from anthropogenic sources such as mining and industry activities causes negative effect for living organisms due to the process of bioaccumulation and biomagnification through the food chain. Therefore, the need for remediation of contaminated areas is extremely necessary and very desirable when it is cost-effective by using low-cost sorbents. This paper compares the sorption abilities of natural and iron-modified zeolite towards Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of pH, solid/liquid ratio (S/L), contact time, and initial concentration on the sorption efficiency onto both zeolites was investigated. At the optimal pH = 2 and S/L = 10, the maximum amount of sorbed Hg(II) is 0.28 mmol/g on the natural zeolite and 0.54 mmol/g on the iron-modified zeolite. It was found that rate-controlling step in mass transfer is intraparticle diffusion accompanied by film diffusion. Ion exchange as a main mechanism, accompanied with surface complexation and co-precipitation were included in the Hg(II) sorption onto both zeolite samples. This is confirmed by the determination of the amount of sorbed Hg(II) and the amount of released exchangeable cations from the zeolite structure as well as by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) of saturated zeolite samples. In a wide pH range, 4.01 ≤ pH ≤ 11.08, the leaching of Hg(II) was observed in the amount of only 0.28–0.78% from natural zeolite and 0.07–0.51% from iron-modified zeolite indicating that both zeolites could be used for remediation purposes while the results suggest that modification significantly improves the sorption properties of zeolite.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Pb (II) Ions onto Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders in Aqueous Solutions

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Iconaru ◽  
Mikael Motelica-Heino ◽  
Regis Guegan ◽  
Mircea Beuran ◽  
Adrian Costescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Co Precipitation

Contamination of water with heavy metals such as lead is a major worldwide problem because they affect the physiological functions of living organisms, cause cancer, and damage the immune system. Hydroxyapatite, (Ca5(PO4)3OH) is considered one of the most effective materials for removing heavy metals from contaminated water. The hydroxyapatite nanopowders (N-HAp) obtained by a co-precipitation method were used in this research to determine the effectiveness in removing lead ions from contaminated solutions. In this study, we have investigated the structure and morphology of N-HAp nanopowders using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic transmission microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structure information was also obtained by spectroscopy measurements. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed the presence of peaks corresponding to the phosphate and hydroxyl groups. The ability of N-HAp nanopowders to adsorb lead ions from aqueous solutions were established. The results of the kinetic and equilibrium studies on the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution revealed that the adsorption of lead (II) cations is due to the surface reaction with the hydroxyl terminal groups on the adsorbent and the combination of the positive charges of the metal cations with the negative charges on the adsorbent surfaces. These observations could validate the use of these ceramic nanopowders in ecological remediation strategies.

The Effect of Fire Retardants on the Fire Resistance of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Coating

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Lipiäinen ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Juha Larismaa ◽  
Simo Pekka Hannula
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Negative Effect

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are most commonly used coating materials on steel among thermosetting polymers because of their low cost, easy application and good performance properties. However, UPRs show insufficient fire-resistance in respect of relatively high flammability accompanied by smoke production upon burning due to aromatic groups in the structure. Consequently, improving the fire retardancy of UPRs for extending their application becomes pivotal. Fire retardants (FRs) are widely used in polymers because they prolong the time to ignition, slow down the rate of flame spread, and generate less heat and smoke or toxic fume compared with the unmodified polymers. It has been a challenge to develop a cost effective, environmentally friendly fire retardant system which minimizes the negative effect on performance properties of the polymers [1 - 4].

scholarly journals Removal of methylene blue dye in water by using recoverable natural zeolite/Fe3O4 adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Mb Adsorption

<p>In this paper, the low-cost and practical adsorption for removing methylene blue (MB) dye has been developed by using recoverable natural zeolite that was magnetized with Fe3O4. The magnetization was conducted by co-precipitation technique. The adsorbents obtained from the magnetization were characterized by XRD, FTIR, surface area analyzer and turbidity meter machines. The MB adsorption on the recoverable adsorbent was performed by batch experiment. The effect of Fe3O4 fraction on adsorbent characters, recoverability, and adsorption ability was evaluated. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm were also determined. The research results attributed that recoverable zeolite/Fe3O4 adsorbent has been successfully produced. It was found that the increase of Fe3O4 fraction in the adsorbent, has improved the recoverability, but in the same time, it caused the adsorption decreased. The fraction of Fe3O4 as much 33.30%w displayed compromisingly good capacity and recoverability. The maximum MB dye adsorption was reached by a condition of 0.25 g L-1 of the adsorbent dose, pH 8, and in 60 mins of the contact time The adsorption kinetic well fitted with pseudo second-order with the adsorption rate of 0.0238 mg g-1 min-1. The adsorption strongly agreed with the Langmuir isotherm with adsorption capacity of 32.258 mg g-1 .</p>

scholarly journals Fabrication And Characterization of Biomagnetic Composite Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1233-1237
Author(s):  
Yekbun Avşar Teymur ◽  
Fuat Güzel ◽  
Gülbahar Akkaya Sayğılı
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Nanoparticles Characterization ◽  
Co Precipitation

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a biomagnetic composite material was achieved by a simple and cost effective method. Tomato processing waste was successfully converted into a magnetic material via embedding Fe3O4 nanoparticles to its structure. Due to its low cost and ease of application, co-precipitation method was used for loading the magnetite nanoparticles. Characterization studies were carried out with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer spectroscopy and the outcomes of the analyses of non-magnetic and magnetic material were compared.

scholarly journals Remediation of cadmium by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) from cadmium contaminated soil: a phytoextraction study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Bhadkariya ◽  
VK Jain ◽  
GPS Chak ◽  
SK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Living Organisms

Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils with the help of Brassica juncea plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) accumulate and the tolerance of Brassica juncea. The Cd accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied cadmium metal solution. Maximum accumulation of cadmium was found in roots than stem and leaves. Phytoextraction coefficient and translocation factor were highest to show the validity of the Brassica juncea species for hyperaccumulation of the Cd metal. These results suggested that Brassica juncea has a high ability to tolerate and accumulate Cd, so it might be a promising plant to be used for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10533 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 229-237

Adsorption of cefixime from aqueous solutions using modified hardened paste of Portland cement by perlite; optimization by Taguchi method

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Rasoulifard ◽  
Soghra Khanmohammadi ◽  
Azam Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Removal Technique

In the present study, we have used a simple and cost-effective removal technique by a commercially available Fe-Al-SiO2 containing complex material (hardened paste of Portland cement (HPPC)). The adsorbing performance of HPPC and modified HPPC with perlite for removal of cefixime from aqueous solutions was investigated comparatively by using batch adsorption studies. HPPC has been selected because of the main advantages such as high efficiency, simple separation of sludge, low-cost and abundant availability. A Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design with an OA16 (45) matrix was employed to optimize the affecting factors of adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage, type of adsorbent, contact time and pH. On the basis of equilibrium adsorption data, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were also confirmed. The results showed that HPPC and modified HPPC were both efficient adsorbents for cefixime removal.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Sources of Non-Migratory Avian Mortalities In Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
David J. X. TAN ◽  
Ding Li YONG ◽  
Bing Wen LOW ◽  
Alan OWYONG ◽  
Alfred CHIA
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Methodologies

Although urban spaces are increasingly recognised as viable habitats for wildlife, cities remain a major source of anthropogenic mortality for wild birds. While the sources of urban avian mortalities have been well documented in North America, these phenomena remain poorly studied in Southeast Asia, especially for resident species. Here we present the first summary of non-migratory urban bird mortalities for the heavily urbanised island of Singapore. We conducted a citizen science study using print and social media outreach to encourage members of the public to report their observations of dead birds between November 2013 and October 2017, and collected a total of 362 mortality records across 65 resident bird species and five mortality sources. Our results show that a diverse array of bird species is directly impacted by anthropogenic sources of mortality, although mortalities stemming from roadkill and cat predation are likely to be undersampled. We also find that forest-edge frugivores such as the Pink-necked Green Pigeon are likely to be especially vulnerable to building collisions. Our study shows that despite its limitations, opportunistic sampling using citizen science can generate large amounts of ecological data at relatively low cost, and serve as a cost-effective complement to standardised survey methodologies.

Phosphorus removal from aqueous solutions by sorption on two volcanic soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zeng ◽  
R. L. Johnson ◽  
X. Li ◽  
J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Phosphate Sorption

The use of low-cost materials for P removal is of interest for developing cost-effective techniques for preventing P pollution. This paper reports a study on phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by sorption on two volcanic soils. The raw and HCl-treated soils were characterized with respect to oxalate-extractable and dithionite-extractable Al and Fe contents, surface area, and P sorption capacities. The phosphate sorption isotherms, kinetics, pH effects, and desorbability were evaluated in batch tests. The measured isotherm data were well fitted by the Freundlich and Temkin models. Phosphate sorption on these soils was relatively fast and the kinetics could be satisfactorily described by the simple Elovich and power function equations. The two soils had maximum phosphate sorption capacities of approximately 0.85 and 1.35 mg g-1 gram of soil at pH 6.0–6.5. The pH had different effects on phosphate sorption on these soils, likely due to either calcium phosphate precipitation or surface repulsion of the negatively charged phosphate species at a higher pH. Column flow-through tests using both synthetic phosphate solution and liquid swine manure confirmed the phosphate removal ability of the volcanic soils. It was concluded that volcanic soils could be potential low-cost materials for controlling P pollution from agricultural sources. Key words: Phosphate removal, volcanic soil, sorption, isotherm, kinetics, desorption

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies of Textile Dye (Chrysoidine) from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Sawdust

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqar Ashraf ◽  
Nidal Abulibdeh ◽  
Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Feather Grass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Isotherm Equations

Chrysoidine is a type of industrial azo dye and a well-known toxicant. Due to its good dyeing characteristics, it is widely used for dyeing leather, paper, feather, grass, wood, bamboo, etc. Hence, it is very important to remove or reduce its concentration below the contamination level in the waste line by using low-cost technologies. Sawdust is a plentiful material available very cheaply from sawmills and woodworks. Therefore, the present work was conducted to study sorption ability of both raw sawdust and chemically activated sawdust carbon on the removal of chrysoidine from the aqueous solutions. Adsorption isotherms of the dye on sawdust were determined and correlated with usual isotherm equations like Freundlich and Langmuir. Experimental results have shown that sawdust has a high adsorption efficiency, and the adsorption of chrysoidine followed Freundlich’s isotherm. Although raw sawdust proved to be slightly less efficient in comparison to chemically treated sawdust but in economic terms, raw sawdust is more cost-effective as the difference in the percent dye removal is less than the difference in the manufacturing costs. The influence of several parameters such as effect of temperature, adsorbent dose, adsorption time, etc., on the adsorption process was studied along with thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°).

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

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