Bibliometric Studies on Emissions from Diesel Engines Running on Alcohol/Diesel Fuel Blends: A Case Study about Noise Emissions

The growing demand for fossil fuels, the rise in their price and many environmental concerns strengthen the incessant search for fuel alternatives. Recently, traffic noise has been described as a threat to human health and the environment, being responsible for premature deaths. In this context, the usage of alcohol/diesel fuel blends in diesel engines has gained increasing impact as a substitute fuel for use in internal combustion engines. Moreover, alcohol can be derived from environmentally friendly processes, i.e., fermentation. Furthermore, alcohols can enhance combustion characteristics due to a rise of the oxygen concentration, thus decreasing major emissions such as soot and reducing knock. The commonly used alcohols blended with diesel fuel are methanol and ethanol, recently followed by butanol. In contrast, there are very few studies about propanol blends; however, emissions reduction (including noise) could be remarkable. In the present work, an analytical literature review about noise and exhaust emissions from alcohol/diesel fuel blends was performed. The literature review analysis revealed a continuous increase in the number of publications about alcohol/diesel fuel blend exhaust emissions since 2000, confirming the growing interest in this field. However, only few publications about noise emission were found. Then, an experimental case study of noise emitted by an engine running on different alcohol (ethanol, butanol and propanol)/diesel fuel blends was presented. Experimental results showed that although diesel fuel provided the best results regarding noise emissions, butanol displayed the least deviation from that of diesel fuel among all tested alcohol blends. It may be concluded that tested alcohol/diesel fuel blends in general, and butanol blends in particular, could be a promising alternative to diesel fuel, considering noise behavior.

Download Full-text

Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance and Reducing Emissions Using Binary Biodiesel Fuel Blend

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4044058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paramvir Singh ◽

S. R. Chauhan ◽

Varun Goel ◽

Ashwani K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Fuel Mixing ◽

Ci Engines

Fossil fuel consumption provides a negative impact on the human health and environment in parallel with the decreased availability of this valuable natural resource for the future generations to use as a source of chemical energy for all applications in energy, power, and propulsion. The diesel fuel consumption in the transport sector is higher than the gasoline in most developing countries for reasons of cost and economy. Biodiesel fuel offers a good replacement for diesel fuel in compression ignition (CI) diesel engines. Earlier investigations by the authors revealed that a blend of 70% amla seed oil biodiesel and 30% eucalyptus oil (AB70EU30) is the favorable alternative renewable fuel blend that can be used as a fuel in diesel engines. With any fuel, air/fuel mixing and mixture preparation impact efficiency, emissions, and performance in CI engines. Minor adjustments in engine parameters to improve air/fuel mixing and combustion are deployable approaches to achieve good performance with alternative fuel blends in CI engines. This paper provides the role of a minor modification to engine parameters (compression ratio, injection timing, and injection pressure) on improved performance using the above mixture of binary fuel blends (AB70EU30). The results showed that the use of AB70EU30 in modified engine resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to normal diesel for improved combustion that also resulted in very low tailpipe emissions.

Download Full-text

Research on Physico-Chemical Properties of Diethyl Ether/Linseed Oil Blends for the Use as Fuel in Diesel Engines

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13246564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 6564

Author(s):

Krzysztof Górski ◽

Ruslans Smigins ◽

Rafał Longwic

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Diethyl Ether ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Kinematic Viscosity ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties of diethyl ether/linseed oil (DEE/LO) fuel blends were empirically tested in this article for the first time. In particular, kinematic viscosity (ν), density (ρ), lower heating value (LHV), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and surface tension (σ) were examined. For this research diethyl ether (DEE) was blended with linseed oil (LO) in volumetric ratios of 10%, 20% and 30%. Obtained results were compared with literature data of diethyl ether/rapeseed oil (DEE/RO) fuel blends get in previous research in such a way looking on differences also between oil types. It was found that DEE impacts significantly on the reduction of plant oil viscosity, density and surface tension and improve low temperature properties of tested oils. In particular, the addition of 10% DEE to LO effectively reduces its kinematic viscosity by 53% and even by 82% for the blend containing 30% DEE. Tested ether reduces density and surface tension of LO up to 6% and 25% respectively for the blends containing 30% DEE. The measurements of the CFPP showed that DEE significantly improves the low temperature properties of LO. In the case of the blend containing 30% DEE the CFPP can be lowered up to −24 °C. For this reason DEE/LO blends seem to be valuable as a fuel for diesel engines in the coldest season of the year. Moreover, DEE/LO blends have been tested in the engine research. Based on results it can be stated that the engine operated with LO results in worse performance compared with regular diesel fuel (DF). However, it was found that these disadvantages could be reduced with DEE as a component of the fuel mixture. Addition of this ether to LO improves the quality of obtained fuel blends. For this reason, the efficiency of DEE/LO blend combustion process is similar for the engine fuelled with regular diesel fuel. In this research it was confirmed that the smoke opacity reaches the highest value for the engine fuelled with plant oils. However, addition of 20% DEE reduces this emission to the value comparable for the engine operated with diesel fuel.

Download Full-text

Exhaust Emissions of an Off-Road Diesel Engine Driven With a Blend of Diesel Fuel and Mustard Seed Oil

Design, Application, Performance and Emissions of Modern Internal Combustion Engine Systems and Components ◽

10.1115/ices2003-0610 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Seppo A. Niemi ◽

Juha M. Tyrva¨inen ◽

Mika J. Laure´n ◽

Va¨ino¨ O. K. Laiho

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Particle Number ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Mustard Seed ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Full Load

In the near future, crude oil based fuels must little by little be replaced by biofuels both in the region of the European Union (EU) and in the United States. Bearing this in mind, a Finnish-made off-road diesel engine was tested with a biofuel-diesel fuel blend in the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Laboratory of Turku Polytechnic, Finland. The biofuel was cold-pressed mustard seed oil (MSO). The engine operation, performance and exhaust emissions were investigated using a blend of 30 mass-% MSO and 70 mass-% diesel fuel oil (DFO). The injection timing of the engine was retarded considerably in order to reduce NOx emissions drastically. The main target was then to find out, whether the blended oxygen containing MSO would speed up the combustion so that the particulate matter (PM) emissions would remain unchanged or even decrease despite the injection retardation. As secondary tasks of the study, the NOx readings of the CLD and FTIR analyzers were compared, and exhaust contents of unregulated compounds were determined. Retarding the injection timing resulted in a significant decrease of NOx emissions, but in an increase in smoke, as expected. At retarded timing, the NOx emissions remained almost unchanged, but the amount of smoke decreased when the engine was run with the fuel blend instead of DFO. At retarded timing at rated speed, the number of ultra-fine particles decreased, but the amount of large particles increased with DFO at full load. At 10% load, however, the particle number increased in the entire particle size range due to retardation. At both loads, the use of the fuel blend slightly reduced larger particles, whereas the number of small particles somewhat increased. At full load at an intermediate speed of 1500 rpm, the PM results were very similar to those obtained at rated speed. At 10% load with DFO, however, the injection retardation led to a higher number of larger particles, the smaller particles being at almost an unchanged level. With the fuel blend, the particle number was now higher within almost the whole particle diameter range than with DFO. Considerably higher NO2 contents were usually detected with FTIR than with CLD. The shape of the NOx result curves were rather similar independent of which one of the analyzers was used for measurements. The NOx contents were, however, generally some ten ppms higher with FTIR. The exhaust contents of unregulated compounds were usually low.

Download Full-text

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Vegetable Oil Blended Fuel

ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference (ICEF2005) ◽

10.1115/icef2005-1231 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yaodong Wang ◽

Neil Hewitt ◽

Philip Eames ◽

Shengchuo Zeng ◽

Jincheng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Engine Load ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Co Emission

Experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine when fuelled by blends of 25% vegetable oil with 75% diesel fuel, 50% vegetable oil with 50% diesel fuel, 75% vegetable oil with 25% diesel fuel, and 100% vegetable oil, compared with the performance, emissions characteristics of 100% diesel fuel. The series of tests were conducted and repeated six times using each of the test fuels. 100% of ordinary diesel fuel was also used for comparison purposes. The engine worked at a fixed speed of 1500 r/min, but at different loads respectively, i.e. 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the engine load. The performance and the emission characteristics of exhaust gases of the engine were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the carbon monoxide (CO) emission from the vegetable oil and vegetable oil/diesel fuel blends were nearly all higher than that from pure diesel fuel at the engine 0% load to 75% load. Only at the 100% engine load point, the CO emission of vegetable oil and vegetable oil/diesel fuel blends was lower than that of diesel fuel. The hydrocarbon (HC) emission of vegetable oil and vegetable/diesel fuel blends were lower than that of diesel fuel, except that 50% of vegetable oil and 50% diesel fuel blend was a little higher than that of diesel fuel. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission of vegetable oil and vegetable oil/diesel fuel blends, at the range of tests, were lower than that of diesel fuel.

Download Full-text

Combustion characteristics of compression ignition engine fuelled with rapeseed oil–diesel fuel–n-butanol blends

Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles ◽

10.2516/ogst/2021001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Jakub Čedík ◽

Martin Pexa ◽

Bohuslav Peterka ◽

Miroslav Müller ◽

Michal Holubek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oils ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Solid Particles ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Fuel Blends

Liquid biofuels for compression ignition engines are often based on vegetable oils. In order to be used in compression ignition engine the vegetable oils have to be processed because of their high viscosity or it is also possible to use vegetable oils in fuel blends. In order to decrease the viscosity of the fuel blends containing crude vegetable oil the alcohol-based fuel admixtures can be used. The paper describes the effect of rapeseed oil–diesel fuel–n-butanol blends on combustion characteristics and solid particles production of turbocharged compression ignition engine. The 10% and 20% concentrations of n-butanol in the fuel blend were measured and analysed. The engine Zetor 1204, located in tractor Zetor Forterra 8641 with the power of 60kW and direct injection was used for the measurement. The engine was loaded through power take off shaft of the tractor using mobile dynamometer MAHA ZW500. The measurement was carried out in stabilized conditions at 20%, 60% and 100% engine load. The engine speed was kept at 1950 rpm. Tested fuel blends showed lower production of solid particles than diesel fuel and lower peak cylinder pressure and with increasing concentration of n-butanol in the fuel blend the ignition delay was prolonged and premixed phase of combustion was increased.

Download Full-text

A Review on Techniques to Improve Performance and Reduce Emissions of Diesel Engine Running With Higher Viscous Fuels (HVFs)

Volume 8: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2019-10120 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Saiful Bari ◽

Shekh Nisar Hossain ◽

Idris Saad

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Combustion Efficiency ◽

Fuel Price ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Biodiesel Fuels ◽

Ci Engines

Abstract Due to skyrocketing fuel price and demand, engine manufacturers and researchers have been thriving to find alternative sources of fuel for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel and vegetable-based fuels are prospective substitutes for petro-diesel fuel for compressions ignition (CI) or diesel engines, and favourable over petro-diesel fuel in terms of sustainability and environmental friendliness. It is found from the literatures that higher viscous fuels (HVFs) and biodiesel fuels have substandard engine performance and emissions especially in the case of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque and NOx emissions compared to those of the engines using petro-diesel. This is mainly due to their higher viscosity and density as well as lower volatility and calorific value and thus, they are termed as higher viscous fuels. Furthermore, the higher viscosity and density of HVFs retard the combustion efficiency since HVFs are less prone to evaporate, diffuse and mix properly with the in-cylinder air. Based on these findings, researchers have put effort into improving the performance of CI engines running with HVFs. Generally, three techniques are very popular by the researchers, namely, blending the HVFs with petro-diesel (known as fuel blend), preheating the HVFs, and altering the injection strategy from the original engine-settings for petro-diesel operation. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on these techniques to improve the performance of CI engines run on HVFs.

Download Full-text