scholarly journals Enhanced Biomechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hybrid Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Silvia Barbon ◽  
Martina Contran ◽  
Elena Stocco ◽  
Silvia Todros ◽  
Veronica Macchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds

Articular cartilage damage is a primary feature of osteoarthritis and other inflammatory joint diseases (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis). Repairing articular cartilage is highly challenging due to its avascular/aneural nature and low cellularity. To induce functional neocartilage formation, the tissue substitute must have mechanical properties which can adapt well to the loading conditions of the joint. Among the various biomaterials which may function as cartilage replacements, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels stand out for their high biocompatibility and tunable mechanical features. This review article describes and discusses the enrichment of PVA with natural materials (i.e., collagen, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite, chitosan, alginate, extracellular matrix) ± synthetic additives (i.e., polyacrylic acid, poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, graphene oxide, bioactive glass) to produce cartilage substitutes with enhanced mechanical performance. PVA-based hybrid scaffolds have been investigated mainly by compression, tensile, friction, stress relaxation and creep tests, demonstrating increased stiffness and friction properties, and with cartilage-like viscoelastic behavior. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies revealed positive outcomes but also many gaps yet to be addressed. Thus, recommendations for future research are proposed in order to prompt further progress in the fabrication of PVA-based hybrid scaffolds which increasingly match the biological and mechanical properties of native cartilage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Varying Concentrations and Application Periods of Chondroitinase ABC on Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tong ◽  
Grace D. O'Connell ◽  
Terri-Ann N. Kelly ◽  
Clark T. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chondroitinase Abc ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

Osteoarthritis, a chronic malady characterized by joint pain and swelling, is caused by damage to articular cartilage and is perpetuated by low-grade inflammation.  Treatments for osteoarthritis do exist, but many treatments focus on coping with the disease rather than curing it.  Surgical options that replace damaged cartilage tissue with that of donor cartilage tissue or cartilage tissue from other parts of articular joints face complications especially when the tissue is not of the correct size or does not have native-like properties. A more suitable treatment option for osteoarthritis is to develop an in vitro tissue-engineered cartilage construct that can be grown using the patient’s own cells and to surgically remove the patient’s damaged cartilage and replace it with the tissue-engineered cartilage. A challenge in developing such a treatment option is producing tissue-engineered cartilage with mechanical properties akin to those of native human articular cartilage. This challenge may be overcome by maximizing the production of type II collagen by the chondrocytes in vitro. One way to maximize collagen production is through the application of chondroitinase ABC, an enzyme which temporarily suppresses proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix to create more space for type II collagen to develop. In this study, two two levels of cABC treatment were applied (“high” and “low”) to cartilage tissue constructs. The “low” cABC treated group received daily feeding of 0.075 U/mL from day 14 to 21 followed by a replacement of chondrogenic media without cABC.  The “high” cABC treated group received a single addition of 0.15 U/mL from day 14 to 16 followed by a replacement of chondrogenic media without cABC.  At the end of 42 days, the constructs were subjected to mechanical testing and biochemical analyses. These analyses showed that the high cABC treatment yielded more native-like mechanical properties when compared to the low cABC treatment and the control results.  Biochemical and histological analyses confirmed that the proteoglycan and collagen II content were higher in the low and high cABC treated groups when compared to the control. All analyses show that the most efficient application of chondroitinase ABC is through a two day duration treatment of a higher concentration (0.15 U/mL).

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Bupivacaine on the Viability and Mechanics of Native and Engineered Cartilage Grafts

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199518
Author(s):  
Sarah Oyadomari ◽  
Wendy E. Brown ◽  
Heenam Kwon ◽  
Gaston Otarola ◽  
Jarrett M. Link ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Grafts ◽  
Engineer Cartilage ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Background: Although the toxic effects of bupivacaine on chondrocyte monolayer culture have been well described, its cellular and mechanical effects on native and engineered articular cartilage remain unclear. For the repair of articular cartilage defects, fresh autologous and allogenic cartilage grafts are commonly used, and engineered cell-based therapies are emerging. The outcome of grafting therapies aimed at repairing damaged cartilage relies largely on maintaining proper viability and mechanical suitability of the donor tissues. Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effects of single bupivacaine exposure on the viability and mechanics of 2 cartilage graft types: native articular cartilage and engineered neocartilage. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Articular cartilage explants were harvested from the bovine stifle femoral condyles, and neocartilage constructs were engineered from bovine stifle chondrocytes using the self-assembling process, a scaffold-free approach to engineer cartilage tissue. Both explants and neocartilage were exposed to chondrogenic medium containing a clinically applicable bolus of 0.5%, 0.25%, or 0% (control) bupivacaine for 1 hour, followed by fresh medium wash and exchange. Cell viability and matrix content (collagen and glycosaminoglycan) were assessed at t = 24 hours after treatment, and compressive mechanical properties were assessed with creep indentation testing at t = 5 to 6 days after treatment. Results: Single bupivacaine exposure was chondrotoxic in both explants and neocartilage, with 0.5% bupivacaine causing a significant decrease in chondrocyte viability compared with the control condition (55.0% ± 13.4% vs 71.9% ± 13.5%; P < .001). Bupivacaine had no significant effect on matrix content for either tissue type. There was significant weakening of the mechanical properties in the neocartilage when treated with 0.5% bupivacaine compared with control, with decreased aggregate modulus (415.8 ± 155.1 vs 660.3 ± 145.8 kPa; P = .003), decreased shear modulus (143.2 ± 14.0 vs 266.5 ± 89.2 kPa; P = .002), and increased permeability (14.7 ± 8.1 vs 6.6 ± 1.7 × 10−15 m4/Ns; P = .009). Bupivacaine exposure did not have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of native cartilage explants. Conclusion: Single bupivacaine exposure resulted in significant chondrotoxicity in native explants and neocartilage and significant weakening of mechanical properties of neocartilage. The presence of abundant extracellular matrix does not appear to confer any additional resistance to the toxic effects of bupivacaine. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be judicious regarding the use of intra-articular bupivacaine in the setting of articular cartilage repair.

Effects of in vitro low oxygen tension preconditioning of buccal fat pad stem cells on in Vivo articular cartilage tissue repair

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 119728
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dehghani Nazhvani ◽  
Leila Mohammadi Amirabad ◽  
Arezo Azari ◽  
Hamid Namazi ◽  
Simzar Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Buccal Fat Pad ◽  
Low Oxygen Tension

scholarly journals Hydrogels for the Application of Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review of Hydrogels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Er-Yuan Chuang ◽  
Chih-Wei Chiang ◽  
Pei-Chun Wong ◽  
Chih-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

The treatment of articular cartilage damage is a major task in the medical science of orthopedics. Hydrogels possess the ability to form multifunctional cartilage grafts since they possess polymeric swellability upon immersion in an aqueous phase. Polymeric hydrogels are capable of physiological swelling and greasing, and they possess the mechanical behavior required for use as articular cartilage substitutes. The chondrogenic phenotype of these materials may be enhanced by embedding living cells. Artificial hydrogels fabricated from biologically derived and synthesized polymeric materials are also used as tissue-engineering scaffolds; with their controlled degradation profiles, the release of stimulatory growth factors can be achieved. In order to make use of these hydrogels, cartilage implants were formulated in the laboratory to demonstrate the bionic mechanical behaviors of physiological cartilage. This paper discusses developments concerning the use of polymeric hydrogels for substituting injured cartilage tissue and assisting tissue growth. These gels are designed with consideration of their polymeric classification, mechanical strength, manner of biodegradation, limitations of the payload, cellular interaction, amount of cells in the 3D hydrogel, sustained release for the model drug, and the different approaches for incorporation into adjacent organs. This article also summarizes the different advantages, disadvantages, and the future prospects of hydrogels.

3D printed cell-laden collagen and hybrid scaffolds for in vivo articular cartilage tissue regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
YoungWon Koo ◽  
Eun-Ji Choi ◽  
JaeYoon Lee ◽  
Han-Jun Kim ◽  
GeunHyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds

Hybrid Bioactive Glass-Polyvinyl Alcohol Prepared by Sol-Gel

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes S. Costa ◽  
Alexandra A.P. Mansur ◽  
Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli ◽  
Marivalda Pereira ◽  
Herman S. Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Composition Ratios ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bioactive glasses are materials that have been used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased bone tissues, as they exhibit direct bonding with human bone tissues. However, bioactive glasses have low mechanical properties compared to cortical and cancellous bone. On the other hand, composite materials of biodegradable polymers with inorganic bioactive glasses are of particular interest to engineered scaffolds because they often show an excellent balance between strength and toughness and usually improved characteristics compared to their individual components. Composite bioactive glass-polyvinyl alcohol foams for use as scaffolds in tissue engineering were previously developed using the sol-gel route. The goal of this work was the synthesis of composite foams modified with higher amounts of PVA. Samples were characterized by morphological and chemical analysis. The mechanical behavior of the obtained materials was also investigated. The degree of hydrolysis of PVA, concentration of PVA solution and different PVA-bioactive glass composition ratios affect the synthesis procedure. Foams with up to 80 wt% polymer content were obtained. The hybrid scaffolds obtained exhibited macroporous structure with pore size varying from 50 to 600 µm and improved mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Sustained Release of Linezolid from Prepared Hydrogels with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids of Variable Chain Lengths

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carreño ◽  
Adolfo Marican ◽  
Sekar Vijayakumar ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids

A series of hydrogels with a specific release profile of linezolid was successfully synthesized. The hydrogels were synthesized by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, which include succinic acid (SA), glutaric acid (GA), and adipic acid (AA). The three crosslinked hydrogels were prepared by esterification and characterized by equilibrium swelling ratio, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy. The release kinetics studies of the linezolid from prepared hydrogels were investigated by cumulative drug release and quantified by chromatographic techniques. Mathematical models were carried out to understand the behavior of the linezolid release. These data revealed that the sustained release of linezolid depends on the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chain length, their polarity, as well as the hydrogel crosslinking degree and mechanical properties. The in vitro antibacterial assay of hydrogel formulations was assessed in an Enterococcus faecium bacterial strain, showing a significant activity over time. The antibacterial results were consistent with cumulative release assays. Thus, these results demonstrated that the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids used as crosslinkers in the PVA hydrogels were a determining factor in the antibiotic release profile.

scholarly journals Biomimetically Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hybrid Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan Kim ◽  
Yunsup Lee ◽  
Yunhye Kim ◽  
Yongsung Hwang ◽  
Nathaniel Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Hybrid Scaffolds

Tailoring in vitro biological and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with threshold carbon nanotube concentration for improved cellular response

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 39982-39992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejinder Kaur ◽  
Arunachalam Thirugnanam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Living Bone

The development of living bone tissue constructs with structural, mechanical and functional similarities to natural bone are the major challenges in bone tissue engineering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document