scholarly journals Raw Glycerol Based Medium for DHA and Lipids Production, Using the Marine Heterotrophic Microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Patrícia Moniz ◽  
Carla Silva ◽  
Ana Cristina Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Reis ◽  
Teresa Lopes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Raw Glycerol ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
The Impact

Crude glycerol, a biodiesel industry byproduct, and corn steep liquor (CSL) derived from a starch industry, were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for lipid production, using the heterotrophic microalga C. cohnii grown in a bench bioreactor, in a batch culture. The maximum biomass concentration, lipid content and lipid productivity attained were 5.34 g/L, 24.6% (w/w Dry Cell Weight-DCW) and 0.016 g L−1 h−1, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate the impact of these substrates on the microalgae cells. A high proportion of intact cells with enzymatic (esterases) activity (>50%) was present throughout the cultivation time course. These results indicate that crude glycerol and CSL can be used in the medium formulation for DHA and lipid production using this microalga, which reduce the process costs in an expected maximum of 84%.

scholarly journals The effect of the nitrogen source type on the growth and consumption of crude glycerol by Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Slavica Ilić ◽  
Jovan Ćirić ◽  
Gordana Gojgić-Cvijović
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Glycerol Consumption

In this paper we studied the effect of different amino acids (arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) as nitrogen sources on the growth of actinomycete Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7 and the consumption of crude glycerol, obtained as a by-product in the biodiesel production from sunflower oil. The highest biomass concentration (9.5 g/L) was achieved using the basic medium and the medium with tryptophan (9.2 g/L), while the crude glycerol consumption was the highest in the basic medium (5.9 mg/mL) and the medium with phenylalanine (3.3 mg/mL).

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake and Release Pathways in Sympathetic Neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Colegrove ◽  
Meredith A. Albrecht ◽  
David D. Friel
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Uptake And Release

Rate equations for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release and plasma membrane Ca2+ transport were determined from the measured fluxes in the preceding study and incorporated into a model of Ca2+ dynamics. It was asked if the measured fluxes are sufficient to account for the [Ca2+]i recovery kinetics after depolarization-evoked [Ca2+]i elevations. Ca2+ transport across the plasma membrane was described by a parallel extrusion/leak system, while the rates of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release were represented using equations like those describing Ca2+ transport by isolated mitochondria. Taken together, these rate descriptions account very well for the time course of recovery after [Ca2+]i elevations evoked by weak and strong depolarization and their differential sensitivity to FCCP, CGP 37157, and [Na+]i. The model also leads to three general conclusions about mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in intact cells: (1) mitochondria are expected to accumulate Ca2+ even in response to stimuli that raise [Ca2+]i only slightly above resting levels; (2) there are two qualitatively different stimulus regimes that parallel the buffering and non-buffering modes of Ca2+ transport by isolated mitochondria that have been described previously; (3) the impact of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport on intracellular calcium dynamics is strongly influenced by nonmitochondrial Ca2+ transport; in particular, the magnitude of the prolonged [Ca2+]i elevation that occurs during the plateau phase of recovery is related to the Ca2+ set-point described in studies of isolated mitochondria, but is a property of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in a cellular context. Finally, the model resolves the paradoxical finding that stimulus-induced [Ca2+]i elevations as small as ∼300 nM increase intramitochondrial total Ca2+ concentration, but the steady [Ca2+]i elevations evoked by such stimuli are not influenced by FCCP.

scholarly journals Insights into the physiology of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in sweet sorghum bagasse hydrolysate for sustainable algal biomass and lipid production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Arora ◽  
George P. Philippidis
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions

AbstractSupplementing cultivation media with exogenous carbon sources enhances biomass and lipid production in microalgae. Utilization of renewable organic carbon from agricultural residues can potentially reduce the cost of algae cultivation, while enhancing sustainability. In the present investigation a medium was developed from sweet sorghum bagasse for cultivation of Chlorella under mixotrophic conditions. Using response surface methodology, the optimal values of critical process parameters were determined, namely inoculum cell density (O.D.750) of 0.786, SSB hydrolysate content of the medium 25% v/v, and zero medium salinity, to achieve maximum lipid productivity of 120 mg/L/d. Enhanced biomass (3.44 g/L) and lipid content (40% of dry cell weight) were observed when the alga was cultivated in SSB hydrolysate under mixotrophic conditions compared to heterotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. A time course investigation revealed distinct physiological responses in terms of cellular growth and biochemical composition of C. vulgaris cultivated in the various trophic modes. The determined carbohydrate and lipid profiles indicate that sugar addition to the cultivation medium boosts neutral lipid synthesis compared to structural lipids, suggesting that carbon flux is channeled towards triacylglycerol synthesis in the cells. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile of lipids extracted from mixotrophically grown cultures contained more saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, which are suitable for biofuel manufacturing. Scale-up studies in a photobioreactor using SSB hydrolysate achieved a biomass concentration of 2.83 g/L consisting of 34% lipids and 26% carbohydrates. These results confirmed that SSB hydrolysate is a promising feedstock for mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella and synthesis of algal bioproducts and biofuels.

scholarly journals Lipid Production from Crude Glycerol by Newly Isolated Oleaginous Yeasts: Strain Selection, Molecular Identification and Fatty Acid Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Berikten ◽  
Emir Zafer Hoşgün ◽  
Ayşe Gökdal Otuzbiroğlu ◽  
Berrin Bozan ◽  
Merih Kıvanç
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Strain Selection ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts

Decline of contractility during ischemia-reperfusion injury: actin glutathionylation and its effect on allosteric interaction with tropomyosin

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (3) ◽  
pp. C719-C727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Chen ◽  
Ozgur Ogut
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The severity and duration of ischemia-reperfusion injury is hypothesized to play an important role in the ability of the heart subsequently to recover contractility. Permeabilized trabeculae were prepared from a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury to examine the impact on force generation. Compared with the control perfused condition, the maximum force (Fmax) per cross-sectional area and the rate of tension redevelopment of Ca2+-activated trabeculae fell by 71% and 44%, respectively, during ischemia despite the availability of a high concentration of ATP. The reduction in Fmax with ischemia was accompanied by a decline in fiber stiffness, implying a drop in the absolute number of attached cross bridges. However, the declines during ischemia were largely recovered after reperfusion, leading to the hypothesis that intrinsic, reversible posttranslational modifications to proteins of the contractile filaments occur during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Examination of thin-filament proteins from ischemic or ischemia-reperfused hearts did not reveal proteolysis of troponin I or T. However, actin was found to be glutathionylated with ischemia. Light-scattering experiments demonstrated that glutathionylated G-actin did not polymerize as efficiently as native G-actin. Although tropomyosin accelerated the time course of native and glutathionylated G-actin polymerization, the polymerization of glutathionylated G-actin still lagged native G-actin at all concentrations of tropomyosin tested. Furthermore, cosedimentation experiments demonstrated that tropomyosin bound glutathionylated F-actin with significantly reduced cooperativity. Therefore, glutathionylated actin may be a novel contributor to the diverse set of posttranslational modifications that define the function of the contractile filaments during ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Production of 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 791 from crude glycerol and corn steep liquor: Process optimization and metabolic engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 100-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Wischral ◽  
Jianzhi Zhang ◽  
Chi Cheng ◽  
Meng Lin ◽  
Lucas Monteiro Galotti De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Clostridium Beijerinckii ◽  
Steep Liquor

Biophotolysis-based hydrogen and lipid production by oleaginous microalgae using crude glycerol as exogenous carbon source

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennapa Sengmee ◽  
Benjamas Cheirsilp ◽  
Thanwadee Tachapattaweawrakul Suksaroge ◽  
Poonsuk Prasertsan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Oleaginous Microalgae ◽  
Exogenous Carbon Source

scholarly journals Synthesis of the Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan from Dairy and Plant-Based Processing Coproducts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Thomas P. West
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Microbial Polysaccharide ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Condensed Distillers Solubles

This review examines the production of the microbial polysaccharide gellan, synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources have been tested to determine whether they can support bacterial gellan production, with several studies attempting to optimize gellan production by varying the culture conditions. The genetics of the biosynthesis of gellan has been explored in a number of investigations and specific genes have been identified that encode the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of this polysaccharide. Genetic mutants exhibiting overproduction of gellan have also been identified and characterized. Several dairy and plant-based processing coproducts have been screened to learn whether they can support the production of gellan in an attempt to lower the cost of synthesizing the microbial polysaccharide. Of the processing coproducts explored, soluble starch as a carbon source supported the highest gellan production by S. elodea grown at 30 °C. The corn processing coproducts corn steep liquor or condensed distillers solubles appear to be effective nitrogen sources for gellan production. It was concluded that further research on producing gellan using a combination of processing coproducts could be an effective solution in lowering its overall production costs.

Abstract 160: Pim-1 Preserves Cardiac Stem Cell Proliferation with Age

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McGregor ◽  
Shabana Din ◽  
Natalie Gude ◽  
Mark A Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Impact

Rationale Cardiac stem cells (CSC) regulate cardiomyogenesis and support regenerative processes in the heart, but aging adversely affects stem cell repair capacity. Aging is a primary cause of impaired cardiac function characterized by accumulation of senescent cells. CSC senescence is associated with permanent growth arrest that decreases survival signaling and cellular replacement, inevitably diminishing the capacity of the heart to maintain tissue homeostasis. Therefore, promoting CSC growth may improve cardiac performance with age. Pim-1 kinase exhibits protective and proliferative effects in the myocardium but the role of Pim-1 in cardiac aging has not been thoroughly studied. Objective Demonstrate that Pim-1 promotes stem cell growth in the aged myocardium correlating with increased expression of centromere protein A (CENP-A), a kinetochore-associated protein known to support cell proliferation in numerous species and cell types. Methods & Results CENP-A expression levels were evaluated from murine myocardial tissue samples ranging in age from 11 days post coitum to 4 months of age with analysis by immunoblot as well as quantitative PCR. CENP-A expression was colocalized with c-kit as a marker of CSC by immunohistochemical labeling, revealing a decline in CENP-A expression over the time course of postnatal myocardial maturation. The impact of Pim-1 upon CENP-A level was assessed by comparative analysis of non-transgenic mice versus genetically modified transgenic mouse lines expressing either Pim-1 (wild type) or a dominant negative functionally dead Pim-1 mutant. Pim-1 overexpression increases persistence of CENP-A in CSCs with age, as well as the prevalence of cycling CSCs as marked by phosph-H3 expression, while the functionally dead mutant accelerates CENP-A diminution and decreases CSC proliferation. Conclusion CENP-A decline in c-kit positive cells with age provides intriguing evidence of a potential mechanism for the diminished capacity of CSCs to maintain tissue homeostasis. Pim-1 mitigates CENP-A diminution, demonstrating the promising potential of Pim-1 to promote cardiac growth and repair with age.

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