scholarly journals Family Farmers and Water Conservation: Learning Nature-Based Solutions as Human Based Solution

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Rita de Cassia Almeida da Costa ◽  
Azeneth Eufrausino Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Outdoor Education ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Management Actions

Bringing up conservation awareness among key stakeholders is essential for water management and it requires motivation and dialogue in order to achieve local and global environmental sustainability. Water management and agriculture must be in agreement to guarantee current and future multiple uses of water. This paper presents the role of outdoor education as a way for citizens to get involved in territory demands. This study-case of participatory monitoring of Macabu River Basin has been carried out since 2012 in Trajano de Moraes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Firstly, a bibliographic review and search of historical documents offered the basis to the project “River Macabu in action: history, knowledge and life”. It was aimed at linking land use to water quality and involved students from nine different schools. The relationship between surface water and hydrologic cycle was observed through monitoring rainfall at nine pluviometers installed along 70 km of river length, and the water quality at eleven collection points. The project strategy focused on experiencing historical and geographic contexts and understanding the nature’s goods as a heritage of affective value before endowing it with economic one. The project was triggered after the agreement of various societal segments and an effective sharing for the adequacy of different ways of execution. In the first few months the farmers’ resistance to the project had been overcome as they were sensitized by relatives involved in it. After some time, most farmers got connected to territory and were able to understand the state of the river as an extension of their own choices. Then, conservation practices in agriculture became more frequent mainly in the upper part of the watershed acting as links between the urban and the rural population. The methodology developed in this project was acknowledged as a citizenship solution for water by “Market of Solutions” in the 8th World Water Forum held in 2018. The engagement of young people has been noticed in different forums such as the National Conference on Environment. The farmers’ practical knowledge associated to hands-on education and effective participation in actions for water management actions were considered fundamental to the citizens’ comprehension of the environmental conservation. The results showed the benefits from the farmers and their children’s involvement in the management of water and territory. The participation of family farmers in the River Basin Committees is considered highly relevant to the fulfilment of their legal role as core forums of the water management.

Development of Dialog System Model for Eutrophication Control between Discharging River Basin and Receiving Water Body – Case Study of Lake Sagami (Japan)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
K. Chihara ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
S. Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Receiving Water

A computer program based on expert system software was developed and proposed as a prototype model for water management to control eutrophication problems in receiving water bodies (Suzuki etal., 1988). The system has several expert functions: 1. data input and estimation of pollution load generated and discharged in the river watershed; 2. estimation of pollution load run-off entering rivers; 3. estimation of water quality of receiving water bodies, such as lakes; and 4. assisting man-machine dialog operation. The program can be used with MS-DOS BASIC and assembler in a 16 bit personal computer. Five spread sheets are utilized in calculation and summation of the pollutant load, using multi-windows. Partial differential equations for an ecological model for simulation of self-purification in shallow rivers and simulation of seasonal variations of water quality in a lake were converted to computer programs and included in the expert system. The simulated results of water quality are shown on the monitor graphically. In this study, the expert system thus developed was used to estimate the present state of one typical polluted river basin. The river was the Katsura, which flows into Lake Sagami, a lake dammed for water supply. Data which had been actually measured were compared with the simulated water quality data, and good agreement was found. This type of expert system is expected to be useful for water management of a closed water body.

scholarly journals Priority targets for environmental research in the Sinos River basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1245-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR. Spilki ◽  
JG Tundisi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Environmental Research

The Sinos River Basin is often mentioned as a highly degraded watershed. A series of impacts on water quality, soil and air has been reported in this environment on a recurring basis over the years. This situation of environmental degradation has its origins in a process of huge economic development uncoupled from environmental conservation concerns. The intense consequent urbanization observed for the municipalities within the watershed was not preceded by urban planning proper zoning. The time has arrived for initiatives in scientific research in the Sinos River basin that are applicable to a more efficient and integrated management and recovery of the basin. In this article, a set of targets for research is suggested which the authors consider as the main priorities for the next few years, aiming for better knowledge and better management of the watershed. Some are still in course, while others have to be initiated as soon as possible.

scholarly journals DOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS À NEGOCIAÇÃO INDIVIDUALIZADA: a participação dos agricultores familiares no Projeto Conservador das Águas em Extrema - MG

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Rafael Eduardo Chiodi ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Moruzzi Marques
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Voluntary Basis

Resumo: O pagamento por serviços ambientais é um mecanismo para promover a conservação ambiental de caráter voluntário, constituindo uma alternativa aos instrumentos regulatórios. No Brasil, o projeto Conservador das Águas em Extrema/MG constitui uma referência nacional. Este artigo veicula uma análise dos espaços públicos associados a este projeto a partir de uma investigação sobre a participação, considerando a ótica dos agricultores beneficiários. Tem como propósito discutir até que ponto a implantação do mecanismo de PSA-Água ocorre de maneira democrática e participativa. Identifica o Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Ambiental e as associações de moradores como espaços públicos de participação construídos em torno deste projeto, mas que não foram imprescindíveis à efetiva implantação deste dispositivo. A negociação individualizada foi o principal meio para estabelecer contratos privados e assegurar o desenvolvimento do projeto. Conclui que, desta maneira, a participação social alcançada na gestão deste mecanismo pouco contribui para a construção de políticas públicas mais democráticas.Palavras-chave: Políticas ambientais, agricultura familiar, recursos hídricos, participação social.FROM PUBLIC SPACES TO INDIVIDUAL TRADING: the participation of family farmers in the Water Conservator project in Extrema - MGAbstract: The payment for environmental services is a mechanism to promote environmental conservation on a voluntary basis, providing an alternative to regulatory instruments. In Brazil, the Water Conservation project in Extrema/MG is a national reference. This article conveys an analysis of public spaces associated with this project from an investigation on the participation, considering the perspective of beneficiary farmers. The purpose is to discuss to what extent the implementation of the PSA-Water mechanism occurs in a democratic and participatory manner. Identifies the Municipal Council for Environmental Development and neighborhood associations as public spaces of participation built around this project, but were not essential to the effective implementation of this device. Individualized trading was the main mean of establishing private contracts and ensures the development of the project. In this way, social participation achieved in the management of this mechanism contributes to the construction of more democratic public policies.Key words: Environmental policies, family agriculture, hydric resources, social participation.

scholarly journals Use of condensed water from air conditioning systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Scalize ◽  
Samara Silva Soares ◽  
Andreia Cristina Fonseca Alves ◽  
Thaynara Azevedo Marques ◽  
Gabriel Gade Martins Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Condensed Water ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Abstract Facing the growing demand for water, discussions on environmental sustainability and conservation of this resource have become increasingly important. Among the possibilities for water conservation, air conditioning systems have potential applicability because, during their operation, water is generated via the condensation of air humidity, which is normally discarded. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the water released by air conditioning equipment (condensed water) installed in the Laboratory of Water Analysis (LAnA) qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to verify its potential for use in the laboratory itself. For this, the quality of the water produced by three air conditioners was compared water quality parameters found in the literature, as well as with water produced by a distiller and an ultra-purifier, both used in the LAnA. Water quality was evaluated using physicochemical parameters (i.e. pH, electrical conductivity, resistivity, alkalinity, turbidity, apparent color and hardness) and microbiological parameters (i.e. total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria). The average water flow produced by the three monitored air conditioners was 3.08 L/hour, which is higher than the daily consumption by the LAnA, indicating that its use would be quantitatively propitious. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses found that, condensed water can be used in the routine activities of LAnA. However, for its use as reagent-grade water, a prior treatment would be necessary, mainly due to the presence of heterotrophic bacteria.

scholarly journals Priorities and Preferences in Water Quality Management - a Case Study of the Alsterån River Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-173
Author(s):  
Kristina Ek ◽  
Lars Persson
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
The European Union

AbstractSweden is a decentralised country where local managers, who are key actors in water management, often deal with relatively difficult prioritisations, tradeoffs and conflicting goals. Many of these challenges relate to the effective implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive. As an input to these challenges, the present paper elicits and analyses local and semi-local citizens’ preferences for water quality attributes related to the European Water Framework directive in a river basin located in southeast of Sweden. Based on a choice experiment tailored to the case study area, the paper analyses preferences for selected attributes based on real criteria for ecological water status in the implementation of the directive. The target population lives in the municipalities through which the river passes, or in municipalities neighbouring those. Despite this spatial proximity to the river, the analysis reveals limited knowledge and interest in matters related to the environmental quality of the river. There is no evidence that preferences differ between respondents with regard to experience or knowledge about the water basin, nor with regard to recreational habits in the area. These results offer input to local water management by providing information about preferences for explicit water quality attributes.

Integrated water cycle planning for towns in New South Wales, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schneider ◽  
A. Davison ◽  
A. Langdon ◽  
G. Freeman ◽  
C. Essery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
State Government ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Urban Centre

Integration means different things to different people and as a consequence appears to only partially deliver on promised outcomes. For effective integrated water cycle management these outcomes should include improved water use efficiency, less waste, environmental sustainability, and provide secure and reliable supply to meet social and economic needs. The objective of integration is the management and combination of all these outcomes as part of a whole, so as to provide better outcomes than would be expected by managing the parts independently. Integration is also a consequence of the Water Reforms embarked on by the NSW State Government in 1995. The key goals of the reforms are clean and healthy rivers and groundwaters, and the establishment of more secure water entitlements for users. They are also essential for meeting the Council of Australian Government (COAG) water management strategies. The policies and guidelines that formed the NSW Water Reforms were the basis of the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW) (WMA) which is the legislative framework for water management in NSW. The NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation has developed an approach to integrated water cycle management for rural centres in NSW based on a catchment and policy context. This approach includes consideration of catchment wide needs and issues, environmental sustainability, government policy and community objectives in the development of an integrated water cycle plan. The approach provides for a transparent assessment of priorities and how to deal with them, and while specific to urban centres, could easily be expanded for use in the management of the whole of the catchment water cycle. Integration of the water cycle is expected to offer benefits to the local environment, community and economy. For instance, any unused proportion of an urban centre's water entitlement, or an offset against this entitlement created through returned flows (such as via good quality sewage effluent discharge to a river), can provide a surplus which is available to be traded on an annual basis. Further, improved demand management within an urban centre can be expected to result in a reduction in abstraction against the licence entitlement. This may result in the increased availability of in-stream water for environmental or other purposes and is expected to increase the economic value of returned water. Improved water use efficiencies are also expected to result in reduced capital works (and their associated costs) as the efficiency of service delivery and resource use improves. In this paper an example of the application of this process is provided and the outcomes discussed.

scholarly journals Some Results of Applying DPSIR Analysis for Ulaanbaatar as Part of the Selenge River Basin Integrated Water Management System

2011 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
D Odontsetseg ◽  
L Janchivdorj ◽  
G Udvaltsetseg ◽  
J Frieden
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Main River ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Nowadays, ecological problems are being caused by economic aspects, and other hand economic issues are arising from ecological and environmental problems. Therefore, it is important to consider both social and economic factors, and take a basin approach to solving environmental problems. To find a relationship between economy and ecology, complex study of river basins is extremely important in establishing conditions for sustainable development in our country. This paper shows the results of applying DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) analysis for Ulaanbaatar city, undertaken as part of a project on Integrated Water Management for the Selenge River Basin. The DPSIR analysis looks at the linkage between the economy and environment for the water quality and water resources of Ulaanbaatar. We used mDSS4 software to evaluate a range of management responses suggested by these issues and found that charging for pollution and measuring water use would have the largest overall impact on water quality and water resources respectively. The analysis was carried out for Ulaanbaatar, because it was identified as one of the key hotspot areas in the Selenge River Basin, which is the main river basin in Mongolia, in terms of both the economy and natural systems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.43Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2009 No 4 pp.22-31

scholarly journals FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER USE IN THE CATCHMENT AREAS OF THE ILI RIVER BASIN

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (333) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Mustafayev ◽  
◽  
L.N. Ryskulbekova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Lake Balkhash ◽  
Ili River Basin

Based on the long-term information and analytical materials «Balkhash-Alakol Basin Inspectorate for Regulation of Use and Protection of Water Resources» of the Committee for Water Resources of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the environmental indicator of specific water availability, which availability high water availability, ensuring sustainable development of economic sectors, but not ensuring the natural and environmental sustainability and safety of functioning of Lake Balkhash, as a geographic water body. The location in the arid and semi-arid zones, as well as the features of the formation of hydrological flow in the catchment areas of the Ili River basin, which determines the environment-forming system with socio-economic conditions and natural and technogenic objects that determine the level of water supply for water management sites, require the need for coordination of water management in order to prevent possible negative changes in watercourses and reservoirs that perform important environmental functions in the Ili-Balkhash basin, that is, to ensure natural and environmental sustainability and safe functioning of Lake Balkhash as a geographic water body.

scholarly journals Promising Water Management Strategies for Arid and Semiarid Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Zeggaf Tahiri ◽  
G. Carmi ◽  
M. Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Water is the most limiting factor for crop production in arid and semiarid areas. The search of promising water management strategies is foremost for achieving highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Irrigation water management, water conservation, and nonconventional water use for agriculture are key issues to be considered by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in these areas. According to climate change scenarios and population growth predictions, these countries will undergo even severe water scarcity levels. Failure of resolving food production challenge will exacerbate tensions between countries, wars, and illegal immigration and compromise human, social, economic, and sustainable development in these areas. However, the search for innovative solutions to water scarcity must comply with societal values, environmental sustainability, and market growth.

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