scholarly journals Intersection of the Religious and the Secular: The Cemetery Festival in Latvia

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Anita Stasulane
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
Research Tools

This article addresses the commemoration of the deceased by examining a peculiar Latvian religious tradition—the cemetery festival. Latvian society is moving down the path to secularization. Participation in religious ritual practices could be expected to decrease in a predominately secular society. Nevertheless, the tradition of the cemetery festival practiced in Latvia shows that the relationship between the religious and the secular is much more complex than simply being in opposition to each other. The analysis is based on data obtained by undertaking fieldwork at cemeteries in Latvia. Participant observation and qualitative in-depth interviews were the main research tools used in the fieldwork. Through an analysis of the fieldwork data, this article explains, first, how honoring of the deceased currently takes place in Latvia; second, the factors which have determined the preservation of the cemetery festival tradition despite the forced secularization of the Soviet period and the general secularization encountered today; third, the relationship between religious and secular activities and their transformation at the cemetery festival.

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI SUFISME DALAM JAMAAH SHALAWAT WAHIDIYYAH DI KEDIRI DAN MALANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Fatkhul Wahab ◽  
Ahmad Bukhori ◽  
Athiyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depth Interviews

Among Muslim communities, love of the Prophet Muhammad embodied in a religious tradition known as shalawāh tradition. Shalawāh is an expression of deep gratitude for the guidance to Muslims on the right path. Sufism that emphasizes reading Shalawāh of the Prophet Muhammad as dhikr primarily is Shalawāh Wāhidiyah. The main purpose of Shalawāh Wāhidiyah is to alleviate people from the shirk and return to the straight and true that by pleasing Allah. The focuses of this study are: (1) how do the precepts and values of Sufism in the Jamaat Shalawāh Wāhidiyah? (2)  How do the precepts and values are promoted and practiced by Jamaat Shalawāh Wāhidiyah? (3)  How does the experience of spirituality Jamaat Shalawāh Wāhidiyah? This study is a qualitative study by using a naturalistic paradigm and phenomenology approach. The data were collected by in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentary in the form of journals, magazines and so on. While the data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation of data, the validity of the data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Shalawāh Wāhidiyah precepts include: a. li Allāh, bi Allāh; b. li al-RasÅ«l, bi al-RasÅ«l; c. li al-ghauts bi al-ghauts; d. yu'thÄ« kull dzÄ« ḥaqq; e. taqdÄ«m al-hamm tsumm al-hamm, fa al-fa’ tsumm al-fa'. The values contained in Shalawāh Wāhidiyah Sufism, among others: taubah, ikhlāsh, syukr, mahabbah. (2) Socialization Shalawāh Wāhidiyah precepts are done by 1. individual, 2. packaged in a formal form as mujāhadah nishf al-sanah and mujāhadah kubrā, 3. through dreams, 4. implemented in the form of books, magazines, newsletters, and CDs. While this practice Shalawāh Wāhidiyah carried out in different ways mujāhadah usbÅ«'iyyah, mujāhadah syahriyyah, mujāhadah rub’ al-sanah, mujāhadah nishf al-sanah, and so forth. Keywords: The values of Sufism, Shalawāh Wāhidiyah

scholarly journals Rawa Pening and the Surrounding: A Study of Environmental Determinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 01095
Author(s):  
Kun Muhammad Delvin Adhiguna ◽  
Afidatul Lathifah ◽  
Eko Punto Hendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Environmental Determinism ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Rawa Pening Lake is one of the landscapes in Semarang Regency. The existence of the lake has social, cultural, and economic impacts on the people who live around it, giving rise to a pattern of relationships between humans and nature. The relationship pattern between Lake Rawa Pening and the surrounding community is studied in terms of environmental determinism, that the environment shapes the culture and characteristics of the surrounding society Environmental determinism provides a scientific foundation to see how society lives and to see the society's mindset that is formed as a result of the pattern of human relations with nature. This research also focuses on the community's meaning of Lake Rawa Pening. The method used in this research is qualitative and data collection techniques with in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation, and literature study. The research was conducted in Bejalen Village, Ambarawa District, Semarang Regency. The results of interviews and literature studies show that there are several patterns of community relations with Lake Rawa Pening such as livelihoods by region, livelihood by groups, work equipment, local knowledge, and traditions

The Judgment of Algebraic Immunity and Resilience of Balanced H Boolean Functions

2013 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Jing Lian Huang ◽  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Ya Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Function ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Algebraic Immunity ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Tools

Using the derivative of the Boolean function and the e-derivative defined by ourselves as main research tools, we study the relationship among e-derivative, algebraic immunity and resilience of balanced H Boolean functions.We get some theorems which connect algebraic immunity, annihilators, resilience, derivative and e-derivative of balanced H Boolean functions together. Besides, we also get the judgment of algebraic immunity and resilience for three classes of balanced Boolean functions by the e-derivative.

scholarly journals Nyadar: Religious and Cultural Resistance of Madurese Salt Farming Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Iskandar Dzulkarnain ◽  
Endriatmo Soetarto ◽  
Rilus A Kinseng ◽  
Sofyan Sjaf
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Government

This article discusses the issues of religious and cultural resistance of Madurese salt farming communities as portrayed in the religious tradition of nyadar ritual. Nyadar is an annual religious tradition carried out by Madurese salt farming communities in Sumenep district, precisely in Pinggir Papas Village, Kalianget District and Gersik Putih Village, Gapura District, to conduct cultural resistance against the hegemony and dominance of the Salt Farming Corporation and Madurese salt farming community elites. The purpose of this study is to reveal changes in the cultural situation of the Madurese salt farming community. This study uses an ethnographic method with a constructivist paradigm with data collection methods using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions (FGD). The result of this research found that nyadar is a form of religious rituals that illustrates the solidarity of the community in fighting against the shackles of poverty and helplessness to fight the hegemony and domination of the economic liberalism capitalism in the globalization of the global salt economy which tends to favor the salt corporation, the owners of salt farm land, the religious figures, and the Madurese elites. The cultural resistance of the salt farming community is portrayed in the rejection of the various policies that will be enforced by the Government, PT. Garam, as well as salt corporates in the religious ritual tradition of nyadar including in determining the time of event, religious tourism destinations, and financial support to celebrate the religious ritual activities of nyadar.  

scholarly journals Kapital Politik: Kuasa yang Mengikat dalam Relasi Kerja Nelayan dan Pangamba’ di Pondok Mimbo

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Adhe Yoga Rivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Middle Man ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Work Contract

This article discusses the role of power on the work relations of fishermen and the middle man at Pondok Mimbo. Engagement occurs when the fisherman builds a partnership and accept a work contract, as long as the contract has not been completed. The fisherman must provide the fish catch to the middle man before it is sold to the trader and then share the results according to the work agreement which is 10% to 20% for the middle man from the income of the fisherman. The absence of work contract restrictions makes the relationship so binding because fishermen must comply with the amba system 'or the prevailing norms. As a result, fishermen will continue to be bound to the middle man but, because the relationship is for capital needs, it requires fishermen to pay it to the middle man to be free from the employment contract. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the role of political capital in the relations of fishermen and the middle man. This research method is qualitative, supported by participant observation, and in-depth interviews to collect data. The results showed the existence of power in the work relations of fishermen and the middle man especially in the attitude of compliance, even showing the existence of work competition in the relationship. And each party is cheating work for more profit, whether it's from the fishermen themselves or the middle man. Artikel ini membahas tentang tindakan kuasa atau penggunaan kekuasaan dalam relasi kerja nelayan dan pangamba’ di Pondok Mimbo. Keterikatan terjadi ketika nelayan membangun kerja sama dan menyepakati kontrak kerja dengan pangamba’, tselama kontrak belum selesai maka nelayan harus memberikan hasil tangkapan ikan kepada pangamba’ sebelum di jual ke pedagang yang kemudian dilakukan pembagian hasil sesuai kesepakatan kerja yaitu 10% hingga 20% untuk pangamba’ dari hasil pendapatan nelayan. Tidak adanya batasan kontrak kerja menjadikan relasi tersebut begitu mengikat, karena nelayan harus mematuhi sistim amba’ atau norma yang berlaku. Alhasil, nelayan akan terus terikat dengan pangamba’ namun, karena relasi tersebut untuk kebutuhan modal, mengharuskan nelayan untuk melunasinya kepada pangamba’ agar dapat lepas dari kontrak kerja tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis peran kapital politik dalam relasi nelayan dan pangamba’. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, didukung dengan melakukan observasi partisipan dan wawancara mendalam untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya kekuasaan dalam relasi kerja nelayan dan pangamba’, terutama pada sikap kepatuhan, bahkan menunjukan adanya persaingan kerja dalam relasi tersebut. Selanjurnya, penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing pihak melakukan kecurangan kerja demi keuntungan yang lebih, entah itu dari diri nelayan maupun pangamba’. 

Rethinking the Political / -Science- / Fiction Nexus: Global Policy Making and the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charli Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Constitutive Theories ◽  
Global Public Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

A burgeoning literature in IR asserts there is a relationship between pop cultural artifacts and global policy processes, but this relationship is rarely explored using observational data. To fill this gap, I provide an evidence-based exploration of the relationship between science-fiction narratives and global public policy in an important emerging political arena: norm-building efforts around the prohibition of fully autonomous weapons. Drawing on in-depth interviews with advocacy elites, and participant-observation at key campaign events, I explore and expand on constitutive theories about the impact of science fiction on “real-world” politics.

scholarly journals Playing the Other: Role-playing religion in videogames

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 867-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars de Wildt ◽  
Stef Aupers
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Religious Elements ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Religious Worldviews

In contemporary ‘post-secular society’, videogames like Assassin’s Creed, BioShock Infinite or World of Warcraft are suffused with religious elements. Departing from a critique on studies perceiving such in-game representations as discriminatory forms of religious Othering, the main research question of this article is: how does role-playing the (non-)religious Other in games affect the worldview of players? The study is based on a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews held with 20 international players from different (non-)religious backgrounds. Rather than seeing religion in games as representations of ‘Othering’, the analysis demonstrates that players from different (non-)religious beliefs take on different worldviews while role-playing the (non-)religious Other. Atheists relativize their own position, opening up to the logic of religious worldviews; Christians, Hindus and Muslims, in turn, compare traditions and may draw conclusions about the similarities underlying different world religions. Other players ‘slip into a secular mindset’, gradually turning towards the position of a ‘religious none’. It is concluded that playing the religious Other in videogames provides the opportunity to suspend (non-)religious worldviews and empathize with the (non-)religious Other. The relevance of these findings is related to broader sociological debates about ‘post-secular society’ and the alleged increase of religious fundamentalism, conflict and mutual Othering.

scholarly journals Secular Jewish Identity and Public Religious Participation within Australian Secular Multiculturalism

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Jennifer Creese
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Authenticity ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Depth Interviews

Many Australian Jews label their Jewish identity as secular. However, public representations of Jewish culture within Australian multiculturalism frequently highlight the religious practices of Judaism as markers of Jewish cultural authenticity. This study explores how secular Jews sometimes perform and reference Jewish religious practice when participating in communal events, and when identifying as Jewish to non-Jews in social interactions and in interactions with the state. Ethnographic participant observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews with nine self-identified secular Jews living in Queensland, Australia, were employed to gather data. These self-identified secular Jews within the community incorporate little religiosity in their private lives, yet in public they often identify with religious practice, and use a religious framework when describing and representing Jewishness to outsiders. This suggests that public Jewishness within Queensland multiculturalism might be considered a performative identity, where acts and statements of religious behavior construct and signify Jewish group cultural distinctiveness in mainstream society. These secular Jews, it is suggested, may participate in this performativity in order to partake in the social capital of communal religious institutions, and to maintain a space for Jewish identity in multicultural secular society, so that their individual cultural interpretations of Jewishness might be realised.

scholarly journals Travel Anthropology in the Literary Reportages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Olesya Yaremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between travel anthropology and the genre of literary re-portage. We scrutinized the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outlined its basic principles, and explored its connections to other disciplines. We also examined the phenomenon of literary reportage, its peculiarities, and principles both at the level of thematization and the level of narrative and compositional structure. According to our research, the methods of travel anthropology used by contemporary authors include fieldwork, participant observation, in-depth interviews, and detail fixation.

scholarly journals Rural development in Papua: lesson learned from cocoa farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
M I Rahmanto ◽  
S A K Frank ◽  
M Flassy ◽  
D A Romaropen
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Similar Scheme ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This paper convey a reflection on the economic activities of the chocolate farming community in Berab, Papua and its relationship with the international market, namely in Japan through the Kakao Kita business organization in Jayapura. The ethnographic methods was used to collect the data, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and visual ethnography are conducted during June 2020 – January 2021.The crucial finding from this research is that the trading systems that are built are both based on humanism and community principles. Both buyers from Japan and the farming community built social relations which then abandoned the impression that trade, especially on an international scale, was all about profit and loss. There is a positive intersubjectivity between the two of them, shown by a sense of togetherness in the importance of maintaining this relationship, as well as the relationship to nature shown by organic cocoa plantation management and transparent and humanist trading mechanisms. Furthermore, the challenge that arises and need to reflect on is whether a similar scheme model can be replicated to other communities in Papua. It is recommended to the Papuan local government to take a closer look at the policy implementation process, especially from special autonomy for the economic empowerment of local communities.

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