scholarly journals Young Offenders on the Camino de Santiago—Theoretical Background of the Learning Walks

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Yvonne Knospe ◽  
Karsten Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Delinquent Behaviour ◽  
Camino De Santiago ◽  
Learning Walks ◽  
Developmental Phases

Delinquent behaviour is predominantly an expression of adolescent developmental phases, but at the same time a possible entry into criminal careers. Where socio-educational measures and admonitions no longer help, society reacts with youth detention and imprisonment as a last resort, in doing so it brings the young people into an environment of violence and power. The concept of the socio-educational pilgrimage as an alternative measure to imprisonment takes the young people out of this context and offers space for reflection and self-efficacy. In this article, different concepts of Learning Walks for young offenders are discussed and theoretically analysed.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF STUDENTS` ACADEMIC MOTIVATION TO SOFIA UNIVERSITY „ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI” AND NATIONAL ACADEMIA OF SPORT „VASIL LEVSKI”

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Georgi Ignatov ◽  
Iliana Petkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Key Factor

The present report addresses a topic that is a key factor for the quality of the education in universities. The outcome this education depends on the degree of students’ academic motivation and results in their readiness for certain profession. The material presents the results from a study conducted in the period 2016-2019 among 45 students in their second and third year of studies in the subject „Physical Education and Sport“ at the Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“ Faculty of Science, Education and Arts and 39 students also studying „Physical Education“ but at the National Sports Academy „Vasil Levski“ Faculty of Pedagogy. As a research tool, was used a questionnaire designed for determining the academic motivation, developed by Angel Velichkov. The questionnaire contained 11 questions, of which 7 with positive and 4 with negative direction. The assessment was done through the 4-point Likert scale, where 0 is „completely disagree” and 3 is „completely agree”. In his work A. Velichkov places the degree of academic motivation within the following limits: 0-11 points – lack of academic motivation; 12-18 points – weak motivation; 19-24 points – moderate motivation, 25-33 points – strong academic motivation. The summaries are made both on universities and on each individual indicator for academic motivation, including: „Active attitude to the learning process“, „Internal self-discipline“ and „Strive to complement and broaden the obtained knowledge“. To determine the priorities of young people, we divided their statements that received the highest percentage of opinions „agree“ on the positively formulated questions and „disagree“ on the negative ones. The comparative analysis shows that the overall degree of academic motivation is not high among students from both Universities. However, students in both universities are convinced that active involvement in the learning process is required. Students are aware of the importance of the theoretical background they need to acquire during their studies. They are motivated to gain lasting knowledge and excellence in all subjects studied. Young people indicate that they complement and broaden their knowledge by seeking additional information and by consultations with university professors.

scholarly journals Interrelation of Ideas About Self-Efficacy with Motivation to Succeed in Young People Taking University Psychological and Legal Courses

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Female Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Second Year ◽  
University Training

Due to the growing interest in the phenomenon of self-efficacy, the psychological science examines the directions of studying self-efficacy in domestic and foreign exploratory development. The attention is focused on studies that reveal the interrelation of the self-efficacy phenomenon with other psychological phenomena, such as motivation to succeed and avoidance of failure, as well as studies devoted to the features of self-efficacy ideas in male and female students. There are publications on the data of the empiric investigation of interrelation of self-efficacy and success motivation in young people at various university training stages with presentations of analysis of differences in correlation features in male and female students. A conclusion is made that there are differences existing between the investigated indicators of self-efficacy in substantive work, self-efficacy in interpersonal communication and success motivation in the first-year and the second-year students, as well as the differences existing in the outlined indicators in the young people taking university psychological and legal courses.

scholarly journals Diversion, Rights and Social Justice

Youth Justice ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147322542090284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delinquent Behaviour ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
The One

This article draws on historical understandings and contemporary models of diversion in order to develop a critical framework and agenda for progressive practice. The argument essentially revolves around the contention that typically diversionary interventions have been constrained by the contextual and ideological frames within which they operate. They have in some cases been highly successful in reducing the numbers of young people being drawn into the formal criminal justice system; however, this has largely been achieved pragmatically, by way of an accommodation with the prevailing logic of penal practices. Young people have been diverted at least partly because they have been ascribed a lesser level of responsibility for their actions, whether by virtue of age or other factors to which their delinquent behaviour is attributed. This ultimately sets limits to diversion, on the one hand, and also offers additional legitimacy to the further criminalisation of those who are not successfully ‘diverted’, on the other. By contrast, the article concludes that a ‘social justice’ model of diversion must ground its arguments in principles of children’s rights and the values of inclusion and anti-oppressive practice.

Community Corrections and the Experiences of Young Male Offenders in the Hong Kong Youth Justice System

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation

In the past two decades ‘decarceration’ and ‘deinstitutionalisation’ have been key themes of youth justice in the West. Restrictions have been imposed on the courts, limiting their ability to hand out residential and custodial training sentences to young offenders. As an alternative, resources have been redirected into the development and expansion of community-based rehabilitation programmes. However, in Hong Kong large numbers of young offenders continue to be placed in residential and custodial institutions after very brief criminal careers, and for crimes which do not pose a serious risk to the community. This article makes use of a recently published research study to discuss the experiences of young male offenders in the Hong Kong youth justice system, and to consider why community-based rehabilitative programmes as direct alternatives to residential training and custody have been slow to develop. It then goes on to explore how from a cultural perspective the use of community-based programmes might be justified and how they could be developed around existing sentencing guidelines.

scholarly journals A Multilevel Study of Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults: Self-Efficacy, Peers’ Motivations and Protective Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Tabernero ◽  
Bárbara Luque ◽  
Esther Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Multilevel Study ◽  
Protective Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Protective Strategies

In both developing and underdeveloped countries there has been a worrying increase in the number of young people drinking alcohol; this public health problem warrants more research. This multilevel study analyzed the influence of drinking refusal self-efficacy, peers’ motivation, and protective behavioral strategies as predictors of alcohol consumption in a sample of 261 young people arranged into 52 social groups (peers who regularly shared leisure activities). A series of questionnaires were administered individually to evaluate beliefs and behaviors related to alcohol consumption at both individual level (drinking refusal self-efficacy) and peer level (enhancement motivation and protective behavioral strategies). The results showed that the individual variable (drinking refusal self-efficacy) predicted alcohol consumption behaviors. The multilevel design allowed us to evaluate the direct and moderated effects of peers’ enhancement motivation and protective behavioral strategies on the relationship between self-efficacy and drinking behavior. These results show the importance of developing cognitive, behavioral, and educational intervention programs to increase young people and university students’ confidence and ability to use protective strategies, in order to reduce alcohol use.

The influence of self-efficacy and past behaviour on the physical activity intentions of young people

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 711-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Hagger ◽  
Nikos Chatzisarantis ◽  
Stuart J.H. Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Self Efficacy

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy Is Mainly Genetic, Not Learned: A Multiple-Rater Twin Study on the Causal Structure of General Self-Efficacy in Young People

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Waaktaar ◽  
Svenn Torgersen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Social learning theory postulates that self-efficacy is learned through the person's interaction with his/her physical and social environment. In this genetically informative, population-based, multi-informant study of 1,394 adolescent twin pairs, self-efficacy was modeled as one latent psychometric self-efficacy factor with genetic and environmental effects common to all informants, as well as for effects specific for each informant. The results showed that 75% of variation in self-efficacy was due to genetic factors. Non-shared environmental causes explained the remaining 25% of the variance in the latent factor, with no effect of common environment. Some informant-specific effects were also found. The present study challenges the theoretical assumption of learning as the dominant etiological factor behind self-efficacy in young people.

scholarly journals The impact of coping style, self-efficacy, emotional reaction and resilience on trauma related intrusive thoughts

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel McBride ◽  
Carol Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Questionnaire Pack

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of coping style, self-efficacy, resilience and emotional reaction of trauma-related intrusions in young offenders. Design/methodology/approach – This is a quantitative study using questionnaires. The sample was 152 young offenders in custody who were approached in their residential hall. Upon agreeing to participate they were given 24 hours to complete the questionnaire pack and returned these to the researcher at a designated time and place. Findings – Over 90 per cent of the sample indicated at least one traumatic event; 33.6 per cent indicated eight or more. Number of traumatic events did not impact on self-efficacy, resilience or coping strategy used. The type of coping strategy did not significantly impact on emotional reaction to intrusions across trauma groups. Participants with higher self-efficacy demonstrated greater problem-focused coping and less emotional reaction to intrusions. Participants with greater resilience scores utilised more problem and emotion-focused coping and experienced less emotional reaction to their intrusions. Resilience was predicted by self-efficacy and emotional reaction to intrusions. Practical implications – Professionals working with young offenders with trauma-related intrusions should focus on building strengths in the areas of problem-focused coping, self-efficacy and resilience. Originality/value – This paper adds to the literature on trauma in male young offenders by looking at psychological factors which could be developed upon to improve ability to manage intrusive thoughts.

scholarly journals Mental health provision for young offenders: service use and cost

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Barrett ◽  
Sarah Byford ◽  
Prathiba Chitsabesan ◽  
Cassandra Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe full costs of accommodating and supporting young people in the criminal justice system are unknown. There is also concern about the level of mental health needs among young offenders and the provision of appropriate mental health services.AimsTo estimate the full cost of supporting young people in the criminal justice system in England and Wales and to examine the relationship between needs, service use and cost.MethodCross-sectional survey of 301 young offenders, 151 in custody and 150 in the community, conducted in six geographically representative areas of England and Wales.ResultsMental health service use was low despite high levels of need, particularly in the community Monthly costs were significantly higher among young people interviewed in secure facilities than in the community ($4645 v. $ 1863; P < 0.001). Younger age and a depressed mood were associated with greater costs.ConclusionsYoung people in the criminal justice system are a significant financial burden not only on that system but also on social services, health and education. The relationship between cost and depressed mood indicates a role for mental health services in supporting young offenders, particularly those in the community.

scholarly journals Introduction: Songs that Sing the Crisis: Music, Words, Youth Narratives and Identities in Late Modernity

Young ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Paula Guerra ◽  
Carles Feixa Pàmpols ◽  
Shane Blackman ◽  
Jeanette Ostegaard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cultural Critique ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
Indie Rock

In this special edition on popular music, we seek to explore Simon Frith’s (1978, The sociology of rock, London, UK: Constable, p. 39) argument that: ‘Music’s presence in youth culture is established but not its purpose’. ‘Songs that sing the crisis’ captures contemporary accounts, which build upon popular music’s legacy, courage and sheer determination to offer social and cultural critique of oppressive structures or political injustice as they are being lived by young people today. Young people have consistently delivered songs that have focused on struggles for social rights, civil rights, women’s rights and ethnic and sexual minorities rights through creative anger, emotion and resistance, and we know that music matters because we consciously feel the song (DeNora, 2000, Music in everyday life, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). However, in the aftermath of the post-2008 global economic and cultural crises, young people, in particular, have faced austerity, social hardship and political changes, which have impacted on their future lives (France, 2016, Understanding youth in the global economic crisis, Bristol: Policy Press; Kelly & Pike, 2017, Neo-liberalism and austerity: The moral economies of young people’s health and well-being, London, UK: Palgrave). This special issue assesses the key contestation where popular music is a mechanism to not only challenge but to think through ordinary people’s experience and appeals for social justice. The present introduction starts by presenting the historical and theoretical background of this research field. Then, it introduces the articles about the songs that sing the crisis in Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Finland, Norway, Egypt and Tunisia through the rhythms of rap, hip-hop, fado, electronic pop, indie rock, reggaeton, metal and mahragan.

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