scholarly journals The Impact of Primary Sludge on the Physical Features of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Kati Mustonen ◽  
Ville Lahtela ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Impact

The cost-efficient reutilization of byproduct materials is a significant global goal, contributing towards the sustainable use of resources. In this study, the effects of including primary sludge in composite materials on their physical performance are examined, in order to achieve more effective reuse. The studied materials were made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), lubricants, and either wood flour from spruce (Picea abies) or primary sludge from the side-stream of forest industry processes as a filler. The materials were compounded by agglomeration, followed by manufacturing with a conical twin-screw extruder. The physical properties of the materials were characterized by water absorption and thickness swelling tests; furthermore, impact strength was characterized after the stress of a cyclic freeze-thawing test. The elemental compositions of the materials were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Primary sludge, as a component in the structure of the composite material, resulted in a significant improvement of moisture behaviors in the water absorption and thickness swelling tests. The identified results demonstrate that primary sludge is a technically applicable material for utilization in composite materials.

Natural durability of organomodified layered silicate filled wood flour reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kord
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) loading on the natural durability properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites exposed to brown-rot fungi (Coniophora puteana) was studied. To meet this objective, the blend composites were prepared through the melt mixing of polypropylene/wood flour at 50% weight ratios, with various amounts of OMMT (0, 3 and 6 per hundred compounds [phc]) in a hake internal mixer. The samples were then made by injection molding. The amount of coupling agent was fixed at 2 phc for all formulations. After specimen and culture medium preparation, the specimens were exposed to the purified fungus at 25°C and 75% relative humidity for 14 weeks. Identical specimens of the same composite, without being exposed to the fungus, were provided as the control specimens. After the discussed periods; weight loss, flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of specimens were measured. Results indicated that OMMT had significant effects on the natural durability of the studied composite formulations. All mechanical properties were affected by the fungus, to a greater extent in the case of specimens without OMMT than the specimens with OMMT. Furthermore, the flexural strength and modulus increased with an increase of OMMT up to 3 phc and then decreased. However, the impact strength, water absorption and thickness swelling was decreased with increase of OMMT loading. Also, the lowest weight loss and the highest hardness were observed in the composite containing 6 phc organoclay. The morphology of the nanocomposites was examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphological findings revealed that intercalation came from the sample with 3 phc concentration of OMMT, which implies the formation of intercalation morphology and better dispersion than 6 phc.

scholarly journals Nanographene’s influence on a recycled high-density polyethylene/poplar wood flour nanocomposite

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1233-1251
Author(s):  
Jafar Ghaje Beigloo ◽  
Habibollah Khademi Eslam ◽  
Amir Hooman Hemmasi ◽  
Behzad Bazyar ◽  
Ismaeil Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Density ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of nanographene amount was evaluated relative to the physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological features of wood-plastic composites. Composites were prepared using recycled polyethylene (high-density polyethylene), nanographene, and wood-flour. The amount of 80% of polymer matrix and 20% of wood flour, and nanographene at four weight levels of 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, were used. An internal mixture was utilized for making the samples. The results showed that with the 0.5 wt% increase of the amount of nanographene, the tensile and flexural strengths, the flexural and tensile modulus and the notched impact strength composite increased. With the addition of 2.5 wt% nanographene, these properties decreased. With the increase of the level of nanographene by 2.5 wt%, water absorption and the thickness swelling of the composite decreased. With the increase of the level of nanographene, the level of residue ash and thermal stability also increased. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the samples with 0.5 wt% nanographene had less holes and a smoother surface compared to the other samples.

Evaluation of the Aging Behavior of High Density Polyethylene in Thermal Oxidative Environment by Principal Component Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Jian Jian Yang ◽  
Jun Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the aging behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) under an artificial accelerated environment, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish a non-dimensional expression Z from a data set of multiple degradation parameters of HDPE. In this study, HDPE samples were exposed to the accelerated thermal oxidative environment for different time intervals up to 64 days. The results showed that the combined evaluating parameter Z was characterized by three-stage changes. The combined evaluating parameter Z increased quickly in the first 16 days of exposure and then leveled off. After 40 days, it began to increase again. Among the 10 degradation parameters, branching degree, carbonyl index and hydroxyl index are strongly associated. The tensile modulus is highly correlated with the impact strength. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength are negatively correlated with the crystallinity.

Effect of inorganic nanofillers on the impact behavior and fracture probability of industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposite

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (18) ◽  
pp. 2431-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Sepet ◽  
Necmettin Tarakcioglu ◽  
RDK Misra
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Fracture Probability ◽  
High Density ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

The main purpose of this work is to study how the morphology of nanofillers and dispersion and distribution level of inorganic nanofiller influence the impact behavior and fracture probability of inorganic filler filled industrial high-density polyethylene nanocomposites. For this study, nanoclay and nano-CaCO3 fillers–high-density polyethylene mixings (0, 1, 3, 5 wt.% high-density polyethylene) was prepared by melt-mixing method using a compounder system. The impact behavior was examined by charpy impact test, scanning electron microscopy, and probability theory and statistics. The level of the dispersion was characterized with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The results showed rather good dispersion of both of inorganic nanofiller, with a mixture of exfoliated and confined morphology. The results indicated that the impact strength of the industrial nanocomposite decreased with the increase of inorganic particulate content. The impact reliability of the industrial nanocomposites depends on the type of nanofillers and their dispersion and distribution in the matrix.

scholarly journals Chemical Modifications of Continuous Aramid Fiber for Wood Flour/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites with Improved Interfacial Bonding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Wanyu Liu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Shunmin Yi ◽  
Limin Wang ◽  
Haigang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aramid Fiber ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Vinyl Triethoxysilane ◽  
Extrusion Method ◽  
Polyethylene Composites

To expand the use of wood plastic composites in the structural and engineering constructions applications, continuous aramid fiber (CAF) with nondestructive modification was incorporated as reinforcement material into wood-flour and high-density-polyethylene composites (WPC) by extrusion method with a special die. CAF was treated with dopamine (DPA), vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES), and DPA/VTES, respectively. The effects of these modifications on compatibility between CAF and WPCs and the properties of the resulting composites were explored. The results showed that compared with the original CAF, the adhesion strength of DPA and VTES combined modified CAF and WPCs increased by 143%. Meanwhile, compared with pure WPCs, CAF after modification increased the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of the resulting composites by 198, 92, and 283%, respectively.

scholarly journals In-Situ Synthesis and Property Evaluation of High-Density Polyethylene Reinforced Groundnut Shell Particulate Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Abdulmumin Adebisi ◽  
Tajudeen Mojisola ◽  
Umar Shehu ◽  
Muhammed Sani Adam ◽  
Yusuf Abdulaziz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Groundnut Shell

In-situ synthesis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced groundnut shell particulate (GSP) composite with treated GSP within the range of 10-30 wt% at 10 wt% has been achieved. The adopted technique used in the production of the composite is melt mixing and compounding using two roll mills with a compression moulding machine. Properties such as hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption analysis were examined. The result revealed that addition of GSP increases the hardness value from 22.3 to 87 Hv. However, the tensile strength progressively decreased as the GSP increases in the HDPE. This trend arises due to the interaction between neighbouring reinforced particulate which appears to influence the matrix flow, thereby inducing embrittlement of the polymer matrix. It was also observed that water absorption rate steadily increased with an increase in the exposure time and the absorbed amount of water increases by increasing the wt% of the GSP. Analysing the obtained results, it was concluded that there were improvements in the hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and water absorption properties of the HDPE-GSP polymer composite when compared to unreinforced HDPE. On these premises, GSP was found as a promising reinforcement which can positively influence the HDPE properties of modern composites.

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