scholarly journals Cousins, Siblings and Twins: A Review of the Geological Model’s Place in the Digital Mine

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Jane H. Hodgkinson ◽  
Marc Elmouttie
Keyword(s):  
Medium Term ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Mine ◽  
Geological Modelling ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Intensive Procedures

Digital mining is a broad term describing the enhancement of the physical mining method through the use of digital models, simulations, analytics, controls and associated feedbacks. Mining optimisation will be improved through increased digitisation and real-time interactions via a “digital twin”, however digitisation of the rock mass component of this system remains problematic. While engineered systems can be digitally twinned, natural systems containing inherent uncertainties present challenges, especially where human-intensive procedures are required. This is further complicated, since the mining system is designed not only to interact with, but to substantially and continually alter its surrounding environment. Considering digital twin requirements and geological modelling capabilities, we assess the potential for a mine’s synchronised digital twin to encompass the complex, uncertain, geological domain within which it interacts. We find that current geological (and indeed hydro-geological) models and simulations would support digitisation that could be considered to provide, at best, a digitised ‘cousin’. Based on this assessment, the digital twin’s value for medium term forecasting of mining operations may be limited and we discuss technological advancements that can mitigate this.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF THE MINING SYSTEM OF SMALL DEPOSITS OF RICH COPPER PYRITE ORES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
Igor SOKOLOV ◽  
◽  
Yury ANTIPIN ◽  
Artem ROZHKOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Experimental Block ◽  
Sublevel Caving

The purpose work. Substantiation and selection of a safe and effective option of mining technology of the experimental block in the pilot industrial mining of the Skalistoe deposit. Method of research. Analysis and synthesis of project solutions, experience in mining inclined low-thickness ore bodies, economic and mathematical modeling and optimization of the parameters of options mining systems in the conditions of the experimental block. Results of research. As a result of research it was established: - the sublevel caving mining system with the parameters adopted in the project does not guarantee the completeness of the extraction of reserves and the effectiveness of mining operations. Project indicators of extraction by sublevel caving technology with frontal ore drawing are overestimated and difficult to achieve in these geological and technical conditions (combination of low thickness and angle of ore body); project scheme for the delivery and transportation of rock mass seems impractical due to the significant volume of heading workings and increased transportation costs; - eight technically rational options of various mining systems were constructed, most relevant to the geological and technical conditions of the deposit. Five variants of the sublevel chamber system and pillar caving, a project variant of sublevel caving technology with frontal ore drawing and two options flat-back cut-and-fill system were considered; - for mining the Skalistoe deposit, according to the results of economic and mathematical modeling, optimal by the criterion of profit per 1 ton of balance reserves of ore is a option of the technology of chamber extraction with dual chambers, frontal drawing of ore by remote-controlled load-haul-dump machine and subsequent pillars caving, as having the greatest profit; - the calculations justified stable spans of dual chambers (25.3 m) and the width of panel pillars (3 m). With an allowable span of 25.3 m, the roof of the dual chambers will be stable with a safety factor of 1.41, and a panel pillar with a width of 3 m has a sufficient margin of safety (more than 1.6) in the whole range of ore body thickness variation; - the proposed scheme of delivery and transportation of rock mass, which allows to reduce the volume of tunnel works by 26% and the average length of transportation by 10-15% compared with the project. Findings. Developed in the process of modernization the technology sublevel chamber system with double-chamber, compared with the project technology, it is possible to significantly increase the efficiency of mining of the low thickness deposit of rich ores Skalistoe by reducing the specific volume of preparatory-rifled work by 34%, the cost of mined ore by 12%, losses and ore dilution – by 2 and 2.9 times, respectively.

Improving Safety when Extracting Water-soluble Ores by Optimizing the Parameters of the Backfill Mass

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
M.M. Khayrutdinov ◽  
◽  
Ch.B. Kongar-Syuryun ◽  
A.M. Khayrutdinov ◽  
Yu.S. Tyulyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Geological Conditions

The results of the scientific and research work devoted to modeling the stress-strain state of the mining system of an underground mine using the finite element method in the FLAC3D software are presented in the article. The possibility of using room-and-pillar mining with backfill with the abandonment of chain pillars is justified. The results are presented concerning the research results of the quantitative assessment of the mass using the von Mises equation and Norton' power law of creep to estimate the contour stress. It becomes possible to determine the sequence of mining of the deposit area and the stage-by-stage filling of the stopes at the stage of mining design due to the high accuracy of modeling the stress-strain state of the mass near mining operations using FLAC3D software. The proposed approach is possible when evaluating the geotechnical state of the rock mass when using the mining systems with various methods of support of the mined-out area: natural; artificial; with the collapse of ores and enclosing rocks, as well as when calculating the combined method of deposit development. A differentiated approach to assessing the state of the mass is possible considering difficult mining and geological conditions, conditions of increased rock pressure, abundant water influx, increased fracturing of rocks by introducing additional conditions into the model depending on its geotechnical state. Variant of the comprehensive exploitation of mineral resources was proposed considering the total value of natural and man-made geo-resources of the area being mined. The possibility of rational use of the mined-out space with the use of various positive qualities of geo-resources at their manmade transformation is also considered. An assessment of the mineral and raw materials potential of the mined area is given with a proposal for the prospects of increasing the integrated approach of excavation, increasing the life of the mining enterprise and the complexity of developing this area.

scholarly journals Development of Digital Subterranean Models for Real-Time Open Cut Horizon Control

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Strange ◽  
Zak Jecny
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Digital Mine ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Mining Machinery ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
And Control

A reliable coal seam sensing system is required to improve the productivity of selective mining in open-cut mining operations. A prototype system based upon commercial ground penetrating radar equipment, which measures coal thickness from the top of an exposed surface down to an underlying coal-interburden interface and generates digital subterranean models of the subsurface seam boundaries, was developed for this purpose. The models can be deployed to commercially available in-cab assistive guidance systems for bulldozers and other mining machinery in existing production processes, and can further contribute to the databases required for remote operation and control in a complete digital mine scenario. The system was evaluated at a production open cut coal mine in Queensland, Australia, with promising results. The benefits reported by operational personnel who evaluated the digital surface model in the mining environment provide strong motivation for ongoing technology development.

Temperature effect on implementation of mining system improvement for the potash-bearing strata in Starobin deposit

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V. P. Zubov ◽  
◽  
D. G. Sokol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Longwall Mining ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Power Loading ◽  
Production Capacities

Currently mines of Belaruskali actively expand production capacities in the conditions of great depth of productive strata and high concentration of mining operations. High power loading of mining equipment in combination with complicated geotechnical conditions are the major causes of increased air temperatures in longwalls. In view of the intended social and technological improvement, one of the current tasks of the top priority is normalization of temperature conditions in longwalls pursuant to the effective standards. The data required for the set task solution were obtained during underground investigation of geotechnical situations which have influence on temperature of intake air currents in longwalls. This article presents the research findings on the formation of temperature conditions in longwall mining. At the great mining depths (500–600 m and more), the temperature of intake air currents exceeds the maximal allowable values. It is expedient to change to the specially designed pillarless mining flow charts capable to ensure independent ventilation of longwall and power train, and to enable heat transfer between intake air flow and rocks in mined-out areas.

scholarly journals Review of Anaerobic Digestion Modeling and Optimization Using Nature-Inspired Techniques

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Ramachandran ◽  
Rabee Rustum ◽  
Adebayo J. Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Parallel Computing ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Engineered Systems

Although it is a well-researched topic, the complexity, time for process stabilization, and economic factors related to anaerobic digestion call for simulation of the process offline with the help of computer models. Nature-inspired techniques are a recently developed branch of artificial intelligence wherein knowledge is transferred from natural systems to engineered systems. For soft computing applications, nature-inspired techniques have several advantages, including scope for parallel computing, dynamic behavior, and self-organization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of such techniques and their application in anaerobic digestion modeling. We compiled and synthetized the literature on the applications of nature-inspired techniques applied to anaerobic digestion. These techniques provide a balance between diversity and speed of arrival at the optimal solution, which has stimulated their use in anaerobic digestion modeling.

Digital past, present, and future of mining industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
S.V. Lukichev
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Mining Technology ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Digital Mine ◽  
Geological Information

The process of introducing digital technologies in mining has an evolutionary character and began with the appearance of electronic computing machines at large enterprises, design and scientific organizations. At the initial stage, solving the tasks of mining technology with the use of computers was mainly of demonstration character. Development of works in this branch has led to differentiation of the general task into separate areas: mining-geological information systems (MGIS); geomechanical safety ensuring systems; dispatching systems; programs for solving individual tasks of mining technology. One of the most important directions of digital transformation is mining-geological information systems (MGIS), the development of which went, as a rule, from solving tasks of deposit reserves estimation to modeling of mining technology objects, tools for solving surveying tasks, design and planning of mining works. Evaluating the functionality of MGIS known in the Russian market, we can state that the achieved development level generally meets the requirements of a Digital Mine - the way of representation of objects and processes of mining technology as digital models describing the properties and behaviour of real objects in a single digital space of the enterprise. The next stage of digital transformation is a Digital Twin, which can be characterized as a Digital Mine that has on-line communication links between real equipment units and their digital models. Creation of the Digital twin implies real-time reproduction of the natural-engineering system functioning, reflecting its actual or forecasted state.

scholarly journals Locomotion control of hybrid cockroach robots

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (105) ◽  
pp. 20141363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Sanchez ◽  
Chen-Wei Chiu ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jorge M. González ◽  
S. Bradleigh Vinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Locomotion Control ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Blaberus Discoidalis ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Stimulation Of

Natural systems retain significant advantages over engineered systems in many aspects, including size and versatility. In this research, we develop a hybrid robotic system using American ( Periplaneta americana ) and discoid ( Blaberus discoidalis ) cockroaches that uses the natural locomotion and robustness of the insect. A tethered control system was firstly characterized using American cockroaches, wherein implanted electrodes were used to apply an electrical stimulus to the prothoracic ganglia. Using this approach, larger discoid cockroaches were engineered into a remotely controlled hybrid robotic system. Locomotion control was achieved through electrical stimulation of the prothoracic ganglia, via a remotely operated backpack system and implanted electrodes. The backpack consisted of a microcontroller with integrated transceiver protocol, and a rechargeable battery. The hybrid discoid roach was able to walk, and turn in response to an electrical stimulus to its nervous system with high repeatability of 60%.

scholarly journals Applications of catalyzed cytoplasmic disulfide bond formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirva J. Saaranen ◽  
Lloyd W. Ruddock
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Disulfide Bond Formation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Disulfide Isomerization

Abstract Disulfide bond formation is an essential post-translational modification required for many proteins to attain their native, functional structure. The formation of disulfide bonds, otherwise known as oxidative protein folding, occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial inter-membrane space in eukaryotes and the periplasm of prokaryotes. While there are differences in the molecular mechanisms of oxidative folding in different compartments, it can essentially be broken down into two steps, disulfide formation and disulfide isomerization. For both steps, catalysts exist in all compartments where native disulfide bond formation occurs. Due to the importance of disulfide bonds for a plethora of proteins, considerable effort has been made to generate cell factories which can make them more efficiently and cheaper. Recently synthetic biology has been used to transfer catalysts of native disulfide bond formation into the cytoplasm of prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli. While these engineered systems cannot yet rival natural systems in the range and complexity of disulfide-bonded proteins that can be made, a growing range of proteins have been made successfully and yields of homogenously folded eukaryotic proteins exceeding g/l yields have been obtained. This review will briefly give an overview of such systems, the uses reported to date and areas of future potential development, including combining with engineered systems for cytoplasmic glycosylation.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneous states in driven media

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary G. Nicolaou ◽  
Daniel J. Case ◽  
Ernest B. van der Wee ◽  
Michelle M. Driscoll ◽  
Adilson E. Motter
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Parametric Resonance ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Spatially Homogeneous ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
System Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symmetric States

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between symmetry breaking, system properties, and instabilities has been a problem of longstanding scientific interest. Symmetry-breaking instabilities underlie the formation of important patterns in driven systems, but there are many instances in which such instabilities are undesirable. Using parametric resonance as a model process, here we show that a range of states that would be destabilized by symmetry-breaking instabilities can be preserved and stabilized by the introduction of suitable system asymmetry. Because symmetric states are spatially homogeneous and asymmetric systems are spatially heterogeneous, we refer to this effect as heterogeneity-stabilized homogeneity. We illustrate this effect theoretically using driven pendulum array models and demonstrate it experimentally using Faraday wave instabilities. Our results have potential implications for the mitigation of instabilities in engineered systems and the emergence of homogeneous states in natural systems with inherent heterogeneities.

Automatic Position Control of a 300,000-Ton Ship Ocean Mining Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Brink ◽  
J. S. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Power Estimate ◽  
Positioning Control ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ocean Mining

Extensive computer simulation and performance analysis and assessment have been carried out for the dynamic positioning control of a large, commercial ocean mining ship / pipe system, and selective results are presented. It is tentatively concluded that automatic position control, with a manual override option, of a 300,000-ton ship with 18 thrusters of 4500 hp and an 18,000 ft long lift pipe system would be feasible for commercial operations of a preliminary mining system in the Pacific Ocean. The preliminary system employs a self-propelled miner. For the feasibility study, we have performed the following: the thruster power estimate, a subsequent selection of an azimuthing ship thruster system configuration, steady-state and dynamic motion of the ship-pipe system, track-keeping, turning and station-keeping control, design of an automatic control system, and nonlinear control simulation during mining operations and selective contingency situations. For the development of commercial systems, the small-size, test-mining system does not provide all the design data. It is much larger, and subsequently, requires development of more sophisticated technology and engineering capabilities. The present method of analysis and simulation can be applied to many other mining system analyses, and to the position keeping control of deepsea drilling systems, and deepsea piplaying.

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