scholarly journals Wildfire Detection Probability of MODIS Fire Products under the Constraint of Environmental Factors: A Study Based on Confirmed Ground Wildfire Records

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Ying ◽  
Zehao Shen ◽  
Mingzheng Yang ◽  
Shilong Piao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Omission Error ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been widely used for wildfire occurrence and distribution detecting and fire risk assessments. Compared with its commission error, the omission error of MODIS wildfire detection has been revealed as a much more challenging, unsolved issue, and ground-level environmental factors influencing the detection capacity are also variable. This study compared the multiple MODIS fire products and the records of ground wildfire investigations during December 2002–November 2015 in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, in an attempt to reveal the difference in the spatiotemporal patterns of regional wildfire detected by the two approaches, to estimate the omission error of MODIS fire products based on confirmed ground wildfire records, and to explore how instantaneous and local environmental factors influenced the wildfire detection probability of MODIS. The results indicated that across the province, the total number of wildfire events recorded by MODIS was at least twice as many as that in the ground records, while the wildfire distribution patterns revealed by the two approaches were inconsistent. For the 5145 confirmed ground records, however, only 11.10% of them could be detected using multiple MODIS fire products (i.e., MOD14A1, MYD14A1, and MCD64A1). Opposing trends during the studied period were found between the yearly occurrence of ground-based wildfire records and the corresponding proportion detected by MODIS. Moreover, the wildfire detection proportion by MODIS was 11.36% in forest, 9.58% in shrubs, and 5.56% in grassland, respectively. Random forest modeling suggested that fire size was a primary limiting factor for MODIS fire detecting capacity, where a small fire size could likely result in MODIS omission errors at a threshold of 1 ha, while MODIS had a 50% probability of detecting a wildfire whose size was at least 18 ha. Aside from fire size, the wildfire detection probability of MODIS was also markedly influenced by weather factors, especially the daily relative humidity and the daily wind speed, and the altitude of wildfire occurrence. Considering the environmental factors’ contribution to the omission error in MODIS wildfire detection, we emphasized the importance of attention to the local conditions as well as ground inspection in practical wildfire monitoring and management and global wildfire simulations.

Wildfire Detection Probability of MODIS Fire Products under the Constraint of Environmental Factors: A Study Based on Confirmed Ground Wildfire Records

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Ying ◽  
Zehao Shen ◽  
Mingzheng Yang ◽  
Shilong Piao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Omission Error ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence

<p>The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been widely used for wildfire occurrence and distribution detecting and fire risk assessments. Compared with its commission error, the omission error of MODIS wildfire detection has been revealed as a much more challenging, unsolved issue, and ground-level environmental factors influencing the detection capacity are also variable. This study compared the multiple MODIS fire products and the records of ground wildfire investigations during December 2002–November 2015 in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, in an attempt to reveal the difference in the spatiotemporal patterns of regional wildfire detected by the two approaches, to estimate the omission error of MODIS fire products based on confirmed ground wildfire records, and to explore how instantaneous and local environmental factors influenced the wildfire detection probability of MODIS. The results indicated that across the province, the total number of wildfire events recorded by MODIS was at least twice as many as that in the ground records, while the wildfire distribution patterns revealed by the two approaches were inconsistent. For the 5145 confirmed ground records, however, only 11.10% of them could be detected using multiple MODIS fire products (i.e., MOD14A1, MYD14A1, and MCD64A1). Opposing trends during the studied period were found between the yearly occurrence of ground-based wildfire records and the corresponding proportion detected by MODIS. Moreover, the wildfire detection proportion by MODIS was 11.36% in forest, 9.58% in shrubs, and 5.56% in grassland, respectively. Random forest modeling suggested that fire size was a primary limiting factor for MODIS fire detecting capacity, where a small fire size could likely result in MODIS omission errors at a threshold of 1 ha, while MODIS had a 50% probability of detecting a wildfire whose size was at least 18 ha. Aside from fire size, the wildfire detection probability of MODIS was also markedly influenced by weather factors, especially the daily relative humidity and the daily wind speed, and the altitude of wildfire occurrence. Considering the environmental factors’ contribution to the omission error in MODIS wildfire detection, we emphasized the importance of attention to the local conditions as well as ground inspection in practical wildfire monitoring and management and global wildfire simulations.</p>

scholarly journals The ground-level ozone concentration is inversely correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Wiśniewski ◽  
Wiesław Kozak ◽  
Maciej Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19, which is a consequence of infection with the novel viral agent SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China (Hubei Province), has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. As of September 10, 2020, over 70,000 cases and over 2000 deaths have been recorded in Poland. Of the many factors contributing to the level of transmission of the virus, the weather appears to be significant. In this work, we analyze the impact of weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and ground-level ozone concentration on the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland. The obtained results show an inverse correlation between ground-level ozone concentration and the daily number of COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Environmental factors influence the detection probability in acoustic telemetry in a marine environment: results from a new setup

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Reubens ◽  
Pieterjan Verhelst ◽  
Inge van der Knaap ◽  
Klaas Deneudt ◽  
Tom Moens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry

Spontaneous ingestion of water by a free-ranging maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, in the Ibura National Forest, northeastern Brazil

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Natasha Moraes de Albuquerque ◽  
Juan Ruiz-Esparza ◽  
Patrício Adriano da Rocha ◽  
Raone Beltrão-Mendes ◽  
Stephen Francis Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Water Sources ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Water is an important limiting factor in the ecology of many animals, and even in rainforests, arboreal mammals, such as sloths, may have limited access to water sources. Here, we describe the spontaneous ingestion of water by a free-ranging three-toed sloth (Bradypus torquatus). The event occurred in the Ibura National Forest, in northeastern Brazil, where a sub-adult B. torquatus was monitored over three days in January, 2014. On the third day, the sloth was feeding on mature leaves and, at 16:22 h, it began raining heavily. Once the rain ceased, the sloth began to ingest the rainwater trickling down a vertical branch by licking it, and continued to ingest water for approximately 26 minutes. This behaviour indicates that the water was a valuable resource for this sloth, and sheds new light on the previous assumptions that these animals are able to satisfy their water requirements through their diet alone. This observation, together with an overview of the data on the ingestion of water by arboreal mammalian folivores, indicates that the direct ingestion of water may depend on specific local conditions, in particular, the availability of water sources, as well as the specific necessities of the mammal. As the lack of previous records of this behaviour in sloths is likely due to the cryptic behaviour of these animals, this finding highlights the importance of continuous, long-term behavioural monitoring for a more complete understanding of sloth ecology.

scholarly journals Potential Distribution of Six North American Higher-Attine Fungus-Farming Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F Senula ◽  
Joseph T Scavetta ◽  
Joshua A Banta ◽  
Ulrich G Mueller ◽  
Jon N Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality

Abstract Ants are among the most successful insects in Earth’s evolutionary history. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding range-limiting factors that may influence their distribution. The goal of this study was to describe the environmental factors (climate and soil types) that likely impact the ranges of five out of the eight most abundant Trachymyrmex species and the most abundant Mycetomoellerius species in the United States. Important environmental factors may allow us to better understand each species’ evolutionary history. We generated habitat suitability maps using MaxEnt for each species and identified associated most important environmental variables. We quantified niche overlap between species and evaluated possible congruence in species distribution. In all but one model, climate variables were more important than soil variables. The distribution of M. turrifex (Wheeler, W.M., 1903) was predicted by temperature, specifically annual mean temperature (BIO1), T. arizonensis (Wheeler, W.M., 1907), T. carinatus, and T. smithi Buren, 1944 were predicted by precipitation seasonality (BIO15), T. septentrionalis (McCook, 1881) were predicted by precipitation of coldest quarter (BIO19), and T. desertorum (Wheeler, W.M., 1911) was predicted by annual flood frequency. Out of 15 possible pair-wise comparisons between each species’ distributions, only one was statistically indistinguishable (T. desertorum vs T. septentrionalis). All other species distribution comparisons show significant differences between species. These models support the hypothesis that climate is a limiting factor in each species distribution and that these species have adapted to temperatures and water availability differently.

scholarly journals Influence of the Environmental Factors on the Coastal Zones Formation in the Siberian Urban Territories

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Eugenia Ketova ◽  
Nadezhda Burilo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Green River ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Urban Territories

The coastal zones of Siberian large cities are characterized by high demand at various historical stages. Coastal territories are considered as potential reserves of the urban environment, their functions have great dynamics and high natural potential. The objective of the research is identifying the influence of environmental factors on the zones’ landscape and town planning reorganization in the structure of the Siberian large cities' coastal territories. Research methods are an integrated approach which involves considering the research object as an element of a single town-planning structure, excluding the possibility of making limited and incomplete decisions. The study results are to build a green river facade as proposing solutions to environmental problems of “buffr zones”. Significance of the study is to preserve the environmental balance of the large Siberian Rivers’ territories. This comprehensive approach involves consideration of the research object as an element of a single town-planning structure. First of all it requires the identification of optimal territories for placing point objects in a complex terrain territory and choosing the most cost-effective and efficient reconstruction and revitalization methods, within the development of methods for their application in local conditions.

Explore Residential Area Landscape Design Features - Taking the "Pearl of the Blue Sea" for Example

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2032-2035
Author(s):  
Dao Qin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Environmental Landscape ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

In this paper, eco-garden approach, with examples to analyze the formation of the residential area environmental landscape design ideas, stressed that according to the geographical characteristics and environmental factors to build a design concept, in line with local conditions to carry out all kinds of green design differentiated, and strive in the limited space to maximize the creation of value for the promotion of the quality of the environment of the residential area to enhance the overall reference.

Female preference and male nuptial colouration in the freshwater fish Gobiomorphus breviceps: geographic variation among populations

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Hamilton ◽  
Robert Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sexually Selected Traits ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Selected Traits

Geographic variation in the strength or direction of sexual selection acting on different populations has been documented before but has not been the subject of intense study. We examine covariation among sexually selected traits and environmental factors for five stream populations of a small New Zealand freshwater fish, the upland bully, Gobiomorphus breviceps (Eleotridae). Levels of infection by a trematode parasite and some aspects of female behaviour and male colouration varied significantly among populations. Among individual fish we found that female mate choice behaviours and male colouration did not correlate similarly with other traits, or with parasite load, in the different populations studied. We also determined whether average population values correlated among the different stream populations. Whereas environmental factors such as water clarity and substrate colouration appeared to be unimportant, average parasite load correlated with some components of male colouration, and female preferences appeared to be correlated with male colouration. These results illustrate both the variability among populations that prevents results obtained from one population from being generalized to the entire species, and the plasticity of sexually selected traits in relation to local conditions.

Factors influencing the sustainability of customary dugong hunting by a remote indigenous community

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONNA KWAN ◽  
HELENE MARSH ◽  
STEVEN DELEAN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Remote Indigenous Community

The sustainability of indigenous customary hunting and fishing in remote areas can be influenced by human factors operating at global as well as regional and local scales because of the hybrid nature and sectoral interactions of the local economic environment. The internationally significant population of dugongs (Dugong dugon or seacow) in Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea supports an important indigenous fishery. The economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors that influenced hunting activity in 1998 and 1999 by the members of the community of Mabuiag Island were investigated to inform the sustainable management of the fishery. The landed catch during the eight months March to October of 145 dugongs in 1998 and 170 dugongs in 1999 potentially provided the community with an average of 290 g of dugong meat per person per day. Fifty-seven per cent of adult males on the island participated in dugong hunting, but more than half the catch in each year was caught by only two hunters. The probability of at least one person from the community going dugong hunting in 1998 and 1999 was 0.59 ± 0.02 per day. This probability was influenced by local environmental factors, including the abundance of dugongs in the traditional hunting grounds (affected by wind speed, year, season and lunar day) and the size of the commercial crayfish catch (which is influenced by the global market price, as well as local conditions). Although dugong hunting remains a very important part of the islanders’ contemporary culture and customary economy, the capacity to hunt dugongs is facilitated by the ease with which some hunters move between the state, commercial and customary sectors of their local economy. The complexities of the economic, social and cultural environments need to be considered in planning for the sustainable harvesting of threatened species by remote indigenous communities.

scholarly journals Application of quantile regression in environmental epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Szyszkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Environmental Epidemiology ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Weather Factors

Abstract Introduction. Among many problems present in studies evaluating associations between health conditions and exposure to ambient air pollution, there is the correlation between environmental factors. These issues are usually resolved by providing a correlation matrix for the parameters of interest. Aim. To explore correlations between environmental factors. Material and methods. As sample data we use environmental factors presented in Milan mortality data (Italy, 1980-1989) and emergency department visits for asthma in Windsor (Canada, 2004-2010). Here, we propose to use a series of quantile regression evaluations to emphasize and identify dependency among environmental factors. Results. This presentation outlines an important role to investigate the potential correlations among ambient air pollutants, weather factors, and the values of the Canadian Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). In environmental epidemiology studies, these components are usually used in a common statistical model. Their correlations affect the values of the estimated relative risks, odds ratios or other estimated health effects. The presented approach examines associations among the factors as well as changes in correlations along quantiles. The examples used in this study explain various environmental phenomena; for example, the negative relationship between ambient ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Conclusions. By a consequence, this work can aid in further developing policies aimed at reducing the health impacts of air pollution as it allows to identify highly correlated factors in the constructed models.

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