scholarly journals The Lavic Lake Fault: A Long-Term Cumulative Slip Analysis via Combined Field Work and Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3586
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Witkosky ◽  
Joann M. Stock ◽  
David M. Tratt ◽  
Kerry N. Buckland ◽  
Paul M. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Eastern California Shear Zone

The 1999 Hector Mine earthquake ruptured to the surface in eastern California, with >5 m peak right-lateral slip on the Lavic Lake fault. The cumulative offset and geologic slip rate of this fault are not well defined, which inhibits tectonic reconstructions and risk assessment of the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). With thermal infrared hyperspectral airborne imagery, field data, and auxiliary information from legacy geologic maps, we created lithologic maps of the area using supervised and unsupervised classifications of the remote sensing imagery. We optimized a data processing sequence for supervised classifications, resulting in lithologic maps over a test area with an overall accuracy of 71 ± 1% with respect to ground-truth geologic mapping. Using all of the data and maps, we identified offset bedrock features that yield piercing points along the main Lavic Lake fault and indicate a 1036 +27/−26 m net slip, with 1008 +14/−17 m horizontal and 241 +51/−47 m vertical components. For the contribution from distributed shear, modern off-fault deformation values from another study imply a larger horizontal slip component of 1276 +18/−22 m. Within the constraints, we estimate a geologic slip rate of <4 mm/yr, which does not increase the sum geologic Mojave ECSZ rate to current geodetic values. Our result supports previous suggestions that transient tectonic activity in this area may be responsible for the discrepancy between long-term geologic and present-day geodetic rates.

EFFICACITE DES IMAGES RADAR ET INFRAROUGE THERMIQUE, ET DE LA PHOTO COULEUR INFRAROUGE POUR L’INVENTAIRE DES CULTURES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085
Author(s):  
ROGER PAQUIN ◽  
GILLES LADOUCEUR
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imagery ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Infrared Photography ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Radar Imagery ◽  
Thermal Infrared Imagery

Crops from 888 fields in a 300-km2 area between Rougemont and St-Hyacinthe were surveyed to compare the efficiency of radar (3–80 cm) and thermal infrared (8–14 μm) imagery with color infrared photography for crop identification. The color infrared photography and the thermal infrared imagery were taken by the Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing on 11 Aug. 1978, and the radar imagery by Intera on 19 Aug. The analysis of the thermal infrared imagery showed some correlations with the ground truth data, but the image could not be used in crop identification. Accordingly, observations from radar imagery could not serve in crop identification. However, similarities were observed between the radar and the thermal infrared imageries. The results showed once more that the color infrared photography as a remote sensing technique is the most useful to survey field crops.

scholarly journals Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): Work package (3) final report development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Richards Bates ◽  
◽  
Melanie Chocholek ◽  
Clive Fox ◽  
John Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Automated Processing ◽  
Acoustic Technologies

[Extract from Executive Summary] This project, aimed at the development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data was a sub-part of the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data Systems (SIFIDS) project. The project reviewed the state-of-the-art remote sensing (geophysical and camera-based) technologies available from industry and compared these to inexpensive, off-the -shelf equipment. Sea trials were conducted on scallop dredge sites and also hand-dived scallop sites. Data was analysed manually, and tests conducted with automated processing methods. It was concluded that geophysical acoustic technologies cannot presently detect individual scallop but the remote sensing technologies can be used for broad scale habitat mapping of scallop harvest areas. Further, the techniques allow for monitoring these areas in terms of scallop dredging impact. Camera (video and still) imagery is effective for scallop count and provide data that compares favourably with diver-based ground truth information for recording scallop density. Deployment of cameras is possible through inexpensive drop-down camera frames which it is recommended be deployed on a wide area basis for further trials. In addition, implementation of a ‘citizen science’ approach to wide area recording is suggested to increase the stock assessment across the widest possible variety of seafloor types around Scotland. Armed with such data a full, statistical analysis could be completed and data used with automated processing routines for future long-term monitoring of stock.

scholarly journals Remote monitoring of the state of hydrocarbon pollution of the geological environment and assessment of the risks of dangerous situations in areas of long-term oil and gas production and compact living of the population

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Filipovych ◽  
Anton Mychak ◽  
Alexandr Kudryashov ◽  
Ruslan Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Space Data

The results of the analysis of geoecological problems of territories of long-term hydrocarbon production are presented. Based on the analysis of ground-based and remote studies, the possibilities of space data were determined during the eco-monitoring of hydrocarbon deposits. A methodological and technological scheme for assessing the risks of harming the environment is proposed. The list of tasks that can be solved using Earth remote sensing data:- control of environmental pollution by hydrocarbons (oil, gas) at different stages of the functioning of the oil and gas complex - from the search and exploitation of deposits, to the transportation, storage and processing of petroleum products;- flooding and flooding of territories of oil production by underground waters;- identification, mapping, field studies, discontinuous violations of various ranks, are ways of migration of oil and gas in the upper layers of the earth's crust;- identification and mapping of technogenic sources of gas contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere, namely:- non-geometrical wells, oil and gas pipelines;- buried under modern sediments, pit-well houses, mines.Satellite monitoring consists of 4 stages. At the first, preliminary stage, objects of remote monitoring are determined, a base of satellite and thematic data is formed, the foundations of a future thematic GIS are laid. At the second stage, the actual detection (decryption) of objects and territories polluted with hydrocarbons is carried out. At the next, third stage, a set of field work is carried out in order to validate the research methodology and verify the data obtained using ground-based measurements.At the fourth, final stage, based on an analysis of all the information received, an assessment of the risks of dangerous situations is carried out and their possible consequences are predicted.The possibilities of assessing the risks of dangerous situations in areas of long-term hydrocarbon production according to remote sensing data are considered. A review of hazardous situations resulting from hydrocarbon production in the city of Borislav is given .; recommendations are proposed to reduce the risk of their occurrence.

scholarly journals Inference of a seismic gap from geological data: Thessaly ( Central Greece) as a case study

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Microseismic Activity ◽  
Two Sectors

As a result of neotectonic, morphotectonic and seismotectonic research it is now possible to draw detailed maps of the major active faults affecting Thessaly, a large region of continental Greece. For many of these faults, where specific studies have been carried out, the degree of fault activity (i.e. the long-term slip-rate) has been also assigned ranging from 0.05 to 4 mm/yr-l. In the present work, the main morphotectonic features and seismotectonic characteristics of the more important faults are recalled from previous works, while the recent tectonic activity is compared with the seismic activity of the area. The occuuence of both large (M ?x2264; 6.0) and moderate (M ?x2265; 6.0) earthquakes during the present century is concentrated in the southern sector. Earthquakes have been virtually absent in the northern part of the region during the same period. In contrast, according to geological and geomorphological criteria, the recent (Late Quaternary) tectonic evolution of the region and the overall extensional rate do not seem to djffer significantly in the two sectors. Although palaeosejsmological trenches, geodetic surveying and the record of the microseismic activity may enhance our knowledge of this problem, on the basis of available geological (structural and morphological) data, it is likely that the northern sector of Thessaly represents a large seismic gap. The implications on seismic hazard in one of the more populated regions of Greece are also discussed.

scholarly journals Geochemical characterization of supraglacial debris via in situ and optical remote sensing methods: a case study in Khumbu Himalaya, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Casey ◽  
A. Kääb ◽  
D. I. Benn
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glacier Velocity ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract. Surface glacier debris samples and field spectra were collected from the ablation zones of Nepal Himalaya Ngozumpa and Khumbu glaciers in November and December 2009. Geochemical and mineral compositions of supraglacial debris were determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. This composition data was used as ground truth in evaluating field spectra and satellite supraglacial debris composition and mapping methods. Satellite remote sensing methods for characterizing glacial surface debris include visible to thermal infrared hyper- and multispectral reflectance and emission signature identification, semi-quantitative mineral abundance indicies and spectral image composites. Satellite derived supraglacial debris mineral maps displayed the predominance of layered silicates, hydroxyl-bearing and calcite minerals on Khumbu Himalayan glaciers. Supraglacial mineral maps compared with satellite thermal data revealed correlations between glacier surface composition and glacier surface temperature. Glacier velocity displacement fields and shortwave, thermal infrared false color composites indicated the magnitude of mass flux at glacier confluences. The supraglacial debris mapping methods presented in this study can be used on a broader scale to improve, supplement and potentially reduce errors associated with glacier debris radiative property, composition, areal extent and mass flux quantifications.

Late Holocene Slip Rate of the Mojave Section of the San Andreas Fault near Palmdale, California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine K. Young ◽  
Eric Cowgill ◽  
Katherine M. Scharer ◽  
Emery O. Anderson-Merritt ◽  
Amanda Keen-Zebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
Aleatory Variability

ABSTRACT The geologic slip rate on the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault is poorly constrained, despite its importance for understanding earthquake hazard, apparent discrepancies between geologic and geodetic slip rates along this fault section, and long-term fault interactions in southern California. Here, we use surficial geologic mapping, excavations, and radiocarbon and luminescence dating to quantify the displacements and ages of late Holocene landforms offset by the fault at three sites. At the Ranch Center site, the slip rate is determined using the base of a fan marking incision and deflection of an ephemeral channel. At the adjacent Key Slide site, the margin of a landslide deposited on indigenous fire hearths provides a minimum rate. At the X-12 site, the slip rate is determined from a channel that incised into a broad fan surface, and is deflected and beheaded by the fault. We use maximum–minimum bounds on both the displacement and age of each offset feature to calculate slip rate for each site independently. Overlap of the three independent rate ranges yields a rate of 33–39 mm/yr over the last 3 ka, under the assumption that the sites share a common history, given their proximity. Considered in sequence, site-level epistemic uncertainties in the data permit but do not require a rate increase since ∼1200 cal B.P. Modest rate changes can be explained by aleatory variability in earthquake timing and magnitude; larger changes could suggest a shared regional variation with the Garlock and other faults. The new late Holocene slip rates are consistent with geodetic model estimates that include a viscoelastic crust and earthquake cycle effects. The geologic slip rates also provide average slip over dozens of earthquake cycles—a key constraint for long-term earthquake rupture forecasts.

scholarly journals Assessment of Land Cover changes on long-term treated industrial effluent irrigation using Remote sensing and GIS techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-795
Author(s):  
Iniyalakshimi B.R. ◽  
Shanmugasundaram R ◽  
Avudainayagam S. ◽  
Jagadeeshwaran R. ◽  
Paul Sebastian S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
The People ◽  
Fallow Lands

A study was under taken to identify and map the changes in land use and land cover over a period of (1992 to 2017) 25 years in an area irrigating with treated industrial waste water using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Four LANDSAT TM and ETM+ images of 1992, 1999, 2006 and 2017 with a spatial resolution 30mx30m were used to determine the temporal land cover changes. Consequently, ground truth confirmation was done in the study area. Supervised classification was carried out in ArcGIS to identify the LULC classes. The study area was classified into four major classes; Water bodies, Settlements, Vegetation and Fallow lands.  The study revealed that fallow lands was decreased by 99.8%, vegetation was found to be increased by 90.2%  and settlement area was found to increase by 65.7 % over the period of 15 years. Livelihood increased with increased socio-economic status of the people.

The problem of ballistic design of the space system Earth remote sensing in stable near-circular sun-synchronous orbits with long-term spacecraft lifetime

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
V. M. Artyushenko ◽  
D. Y. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Space System ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing ◽  
Synchronous Orbit ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The article deals with the issues related to the problem of ballistic design of the space system of remote sensing of the Earth on stable near-circular solar-synchronous orbits with long-term existence of spacecraft. We propose a rational method of maintaining a solar-synchronous orbit in given light conditions with prolonged active lifetime of space systems. In solving this problem, the total time of normal operation of the system for a given period of operation, during which the most favorable conditions for the use of spacecraft are provided on the main parts of orbits, is taken as a target function.

Budapest airport air quality long-term studies by remote sensing with DOAS and FTIR with focus upon runway emissions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schäfer ◽  
Gregor Schürmann ◽  
Carsten Jahn ◽  
Candy Matuse ◽  
Herbert Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Long Term Studies
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