scholarly journals Inversion of Terrain Slope and Roughness with Satellite Laser Altimeter Full-Waveform Data Assisted by Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zuo ◽  
Xinming Tang ◽  
Guoyuan Li ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Wenhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Terrain Slope ◽  
Uniqueness Of The Solution

Slope and roughness are basic geophysical properties of terrain surface, and also sources of error in satellite laser altimetry systems. The full-waveform satellite laser altimeter records the complete echo waveform backscattered from the target surface worldwide, so it may be used for both range measurement and inversion analysis of geometric parameters of the target surface. This paper proposes a new method for inversion of slope and roughness of the bare or near-bare terrain within laser footprint using full-waveform satellite laser altimeter data, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and topographic prior knowledge. To solve the non-uniqueness of the solution to the inversion problem, this paper used the SRTM and airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, to establish a priori hypothesis about real information of topographic parameters. Then, under the constraints of prior hypothesis, the theoretical formulas and rules for slope and roughness inversion using the pulse-width broadening knowledge of satellite laser altimeter echo full-waveform were developed. Finally, based on the full-waveform data from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) that was borne on ICE, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and SRTM in the West Valley City, Utah and Jackson City, Wyoming, United States of America, the inversion was carried out. The experiment compares the results of proposed method with those of existing ones and evaluates the inversion results using high precision terrain slope and roughness information, which indicates that our proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art methods, and the inversion accuracy for slope is 0.667° (Mean Absolute Error, MAE) and 1.054° (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE), the inversion accuracy for roughness is 0.171 m (MAE) and 0.250 m (RMSE).

scholarly journals REFINED SIMULATION OF SATELLITE LASER ALTIMETER FULL ECHO WAVEFORM

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 1267-1273
Author(s):  
H. Men ◽  
Y. Xing ◽  
G. Li ◽  
X. Gao ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Ground Target ◽  
Echo Simulation

The return waveform of satellite laser altimeter plays vital role in the satellite parameters designation, data processing and application. In this paper, a method of refined full waveform simulation is proposed based on the reflectivity of the ground target, the true emission waveform and the Laser Profile Array (LPA). The ICESat/GLAS data is used as the validation data. Finally, we evaluated the simulation accuracy with the correlation coefficient. It was found that the accuracy of echo simulation could be significantly improved by considering the reflectivity of the ground target and the emission waveform. However, the laser intensity distribution recorded by the LPA has little effect on the echo simulation accuracy when compared with the distribution of the simulated laser energy. At last, we proposed a refinement idea by analyzing the experimental results, in the hope of providing references for the waveform data simulation and processing of GF-7 satellite in the future.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Surface Slopes Extracted from ICESat Waveform Data and High Resolution DEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Huan Xie ◽  
Hong Tang ◽  
Wenjia Du ◽  
Xiaohua Tong
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Surface Slopes ◽  
Sloping Surface ◽  
Elevation Model

Surface slope is an important topographic variable, accurate surface slope can support many research appliacations. Large footprint full waveform data has been used to estimate the surface slope and performes well. In this paper, surface slope within laser footprint is calculated using the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) full waveform data and a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (REMA, the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica). A comparison is done between two extracted surface slopes, the results show that the slopes extracted from full waveform data are close to slopes extracted from DEM, and the width of waveform can be used to extract surface slope in moderately sloping surface.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GF-7 SATELLITE LASER ALTIMETER FULL WAVEFORM DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2020 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
G. Li ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
X. Tang ◽  
F. Ye ◽  
Z. Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Data Quality Assessment ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Transmitted Waveform

Abstract. The full-waveform data is the core data of GaoFen-7 (GF-7) satellite laser altimeter, and evaluation of waveform data quality is an important step and premise for satellite laser altimetry and quality control. In this paper, the full waveform data quality assessment and analysis of GF-7 laser altimeter is implemented during the period of on-orbit experiment, and the real waveform data of many orbits is used to quantitatively describe the characteristic parameters of the transmitted waveform and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the result of two beam lasers is compared. The conclusion is validated that the GF-7 laser altimeter can obtain effective waveform data and the echo waveform availability of the experimental data is approximate 72.59%, moreover, the quality of beam 1 is slightly better than that of the beam 2. The laser temperature is an important indication of the quality of transmitted waveform according to the SNR changing. The good SNR value of the waveform and small footprint size will be helpful for the terrain information extraction and analysis, although the repetition frequency is low.

scholarly journals The Laser Vegetation Detecting Sensor: A Full Waveform, Large-Footprint, Airborne Laser Altimeter for Monitoring Forest Resources

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Fayun Wu ◽  
Zhongqiu Sun ◽  
Andrew Lister ◽  
Xianlian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Forest Height ◽  
The Mean

The use of satellite-borne large-footprint LiDAR (light detection and ranging) systems allows for the acquisition of forest monitoring data. This paper mainly describes the design, use, operating principles, installation and data properties of the new Laser Vegetation Detecting Sensor (LVDS), a LiDAR system designed and developed at the Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning (AFIP) and the Beijing Institute of Telemetry (BIT). Data from LVDS were used to calculate the mean height of forest trees on sample plots using data collected in the Hunan province of China. The results show that the full waveform data obtained by LVDS has the ability to accurately characterize forest height. The mean absolute percentage error of mean forest height per plot in flat areas was 6.8%, with a mean absolute deviation of 0.78 m. The airborne LVDS system provides prototype data sets and a platform for instrument proof-of-concept studies for China’s Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Monitoring (TECM) mission, which is an Earth remote sensing satellite due for launch in 2020. The information produced by LVDS allows for forest structure studies with high accuracy and coverage of large areas.

scholarly journals DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES FOR ICESAT/GLAS FULL-WAVEFORM DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 1179-1182
Author(s):  
Z. Liu ◽  
X. Gao ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Waveform Lidar ◽  
Full Waveform Lidar

The geoscience laser altimeter system (GLAS) on the board Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), is the first long-duration space borne full-waveform LiDAR for measuring the topography of the ice shelf and temporal variation, cloud and atmospheric characteristics. In order to extract the characteristic parameters of the waveform, the key step is to process the full waveform data. In this paper, the modified waveform decomposition method is proposed to extract the echo components from full-waveform. First, the initial parameter estimation is implemented through data preprocessing and waveform detection. Next, the waveform fitting is demonstrated using the Levenberg-Marquard (LM) optimization method. The results show that the modified waveform decomposition method can effectively extract the overlapped echo components and missing echo components compared with the results from GLA14 product. The echo components can also be extracted from the complex waveforms.

scholarly journals Alignment determination of the Hayabusa2 laser altimeter (LIDAR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotomo Noda ◽  
Hiroki Senshu ◽  
Koji Matsumoto ◽  
Noriyuki Namiki ◽  
Takahide Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Gravity Assist ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Trajectory Error ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Camera Image ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Along Track

AbstractIn this study, we determined the alignment of the laser altimeter aboard Hayabusa2 with respect to the spacecraft using in-flight data. Since the laser altimeter data were used to estimate the trajectory of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, the pointing direction of the altimeter needed to be accurately determined. The boresight direction of the receiving telescope was estimated by comparing elevations of the laser altimeter data and camera images, and was confirmed by identifying prominent terrains of other datasets. The estimated boresight direction obtained by the laser link experiment in the winter of 2015, during the Earth’s gravity assist operation period, differed from the direction estimated in this study, which fell on another part of the candidate direction; this was not selected in a previous study. Assuming that the uncertainty of alignment determination of the laser altimeter boresight was 4.6 pixels in the camera image, the trajectory error of the spacecraft in the cross- and/or along-track directions was determined to be 0.4, 2.1, or 8.6 m for altitudes of 1, 5, or 20 km, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement of ice-sheet topography using satellite-radar interferometry

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (140) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Joughin ◽  
Dale Winebrenner ◽  
Mark Fahnestock ◽  
Ron Kwok ◽  
William Krabill
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Ice Sheet Topography

AbstractDetailed digital elevation models (DEMs) do not exist for much of the Greenland and Antartic ice sheets. Radar altimetry is at present the primary, in many cases the only, source of topographic data over the ice sheets, but the horizontal resolution of such data is coarse. Satellite-radar interferometry uses the phase difference between pairs of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to measure both ice-sheet topography and surface displacement. We have applied this technique using ERS-1 SAR data to make detailed (i.e. 80 m horizontal resolution) maps of surface topography in a 100 km by 300 km strip in West Greenland, extending northward from just above Jakobshavns Isbræ. Comparison with а 76 km long line of airborne laser-altimeter data shows that We have achieved a relative accuracy of 2.5 m along the profile. These observations provide a detailed view of dynamically Supported topography near the margin of an ice sheet. In the final section We compare our estimate of topography with phase contours due to motion, and confirm our earlier analysis concerning vertical ice-sheet motion and complexity in ERS-1 SAR interferograms.

scholarly journals Retrieving Forest Canopy Elements Clumping Index Using ICESat GLAS Lidar Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Lei Cui ◽  
Ziti Jiao ◽  
Kaiguang Zhao ◽  
Mei Sun ◽  
Yadong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Clumping Index ◽  
The Impact

Clumping index (CI) is a canopy structural variable important for modeling the terrestrial biosphere, but its retrieval from remote sensing data remains one of the least reliable. The majority of regional or global CI products available so far were generated from multiangle optical reflectance data. However, these reflectance-based estimates have well-known limitations, such as the mere use of a linear relationship between the normalized difference hotspot and darkspot (NDHD) and CI, uncertainties in bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models used to calculate the NDHD, and coarse spatial resolutions (e.g., hundreds of meters to several kilometers). To remedy these limitations and develop alternative methods for large-scale CI mapping, here we explored the use of spaceborne lidar—the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)—and proposed a semi-physical algorithm to estimate CI at the footprint level. Our algorithm was formulated to leverage the full vertical canopy profile information of the GLAS full-waveform data; it converted raw waveforms to forest canopy gap distributions and gap fractions of random canopies, which was used to estimate CI based on the radiative transfer theory and a revised Beer–Lambert model. We tested our algorithm over two areas in China—the Saihanba National Forest Park and Heilongjiang Province—and assessed its relative accuracies against field-measured CI and MODIS CI products. We found that reliable estimation of CI was possible only for GLAS waveforms with high signal-to-noise ratios (e.g., >65) and at gentle slopes (e.g., <12°). Our GLAS-based CI estimates for high-quality waveforms compared well to field-based CI (i.e., R2 = 0.72, RMSE = 0.07, and bias = 0.02), but they showed less correlation to MODIS CI (e.g., R2 = 0.26, RMSE = 0.12, and bias = 0.04). The difference highlights the impact of the scale effect in conducting comparisons of products with huge differences resolution. Overall, our analyses represent the first attempt to use spaceborne lidar to retrieve high-resolution forest CI and our algorithm holds promise for mapping CI globally.

Global Mapping and Analysis of the Structural Features in the Northern Smooth Plains of Mercury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
marco cardinale ◽  
Gaetano Di Achille ◽  
David A.Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Laser Altimeter ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Dual Imaging

&lt;p&gt;Orbital data from the Messenger spacecraft (1) reveal that part of the Mercury surface is covered by smooth plains, which are interpreted to be flood volcanic material across the planetary surface (2). In this work, we present a detailed geo-structural map of the northern smooth plains between&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/span&gt;latitudes 29&amp;#176;N and 65&amp;#176;N. Our 1:100.000-scale map is obtained semi-automatically, using an algorithm to map all scarps from a DEM (3,4) followed by visual inspection and classification in ArcGIS. We created a DEM&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/span&gt;using the raw MLA (Mercury Laser Altimeter) data (1) ,with 500 m/pix, and we used the Mercury Messenger MDIS (Mercury Dual Imaging System) (1,2) base map with 166m per pixel for the classification stage. With this approach, we mapped and characterized 51664 features on Mercury, creating a database with several morphometric attributes (e.g. length, azimuth, scarp height) which we will use to study the tectonic evolution of the smooth plains.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this way, we classified wrinkle ridges&amp;#8217;s scarps, ghost craters, rim craters and central peaks. The morphometric parameters of the wrinkle ridges will&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;/span&gt;be quantitatively analyzed, in order to characterizer the possible tectonic process that could have formed them.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This map can be considered an enhancement for the north pole of the global geological map of Mercury (1, 5).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Hawkins, S. E., III, et al. (2007), The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER spacecraft, Space Sci. Rev., 131, 247&amp;#8211;338..&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Denevi, B. W., et al. (2013), The distribution and origin of smooth plains on Mercury, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 891&amp;#8211;907, doi:10.1002/jgre.20075.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Alegre Vaz, D. (2011). Analysis of a Thaumasia Planum rift through automatic mapping and strain characterization of normal faults. Planetary and Space Science, 59(11-12), 1210&amp;#8211;1221. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.07.008&amp;#160;.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Vaz, D. A., Spagnuolo, M. G., &amp; Silvestro, S. (2014). Morphometric and geometric characterization of normal faults on Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 401, 83&amp;#8211;94. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.022.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Kinczyk, M. J., Prockter, L., Byrne, P., Denevi, B., Buczkowski, D., Ostrach, L., &amp; Miller, E. (2019, September). The First Global Geological Map of Mercury. In &lt;em&gt;EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019&lt;/em&gt; (Vol. 2019, pp. EPSC-DPS2019).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;

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