scholarly journals Combination of Models to Generate the First PAR Maps for Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4950
Author(s):  
Francisco Ferrera-Cobos ◽  
Jose M. Vindel ◽  
Ousmane Wane ◽  
Ana A. Navarro ◽  
Luis F. Zarzalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Different Climates

This work addresses the development of a PAR model in the entire territory of mainland Spain. Thus, a specific model is developed for each location of the study field. The new PAR model consists of a combination of the estimates of two previous models that had unequal performances in different climates. In fact, one of them showed better results with Mediterranean climate, whereas the other obtained better results under oceanic climate. Interestingly, the new PAR model showed similar performance when validated at seven stations in mainland Spain with Mediterranean or oceanic climate. Furthermore, all validation slopes ranged from 0.99 to 1.00; the intercepts were less than 3.70 μmol m−2 s−1; the R2 were greater than 0.988, while MBE was closer to zero percent than −0.39%; and RMSE were less than 6.21%. The estimates of the PAR model introduced in this work were then used to develop PAR maps over mainland Spain that represent daily PAR averages of each month and a full year at all locations in the study field.

Thermal Stress and the Contribution of Radiant Heat

1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
D. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Radiant Heat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Climatic Severity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deep Body ◽  
Different Climates

AbstractSixteen young, healthy volunteers were exposed to eight thermally severe environments, each subject being exposed to four different climates. Four climates had a radiant heat component; globe temperature some 10°C above dry bulb. In the other four climates, the globe temperature was close to the dry bulb. Measurements of endurance time in the different climates were made, as were changes in deep body temperature and heart rate. The relationship between the wet bulb globe thermometer index (WBGT) and stay times in the non-radiant climates agreed well with that of previous workers. Further, the WBGT index appeared adequate, in the situation under study, in terms of its ability to quantify climatic severity, thermal and cardiovascular stress and hence endurance in climates with a high radiant heat component.

Pancreatic islet discrimination of hexose anomers. I. Steady-state computer simulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. E189-E200
Author(s):  
M. J. Achs ◽  
D. Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glycolytic Rate ◽  
Hexose Phosphates

Pancreatic islets detect glucose level by phosphorylating it and converting the glycolytic rate to a signal to secrete insulin. Insulin secretion is greater from the alpha- than from the beta-anomer when the D-glucose level is below 22 mM. D-mannose behaves similarly but at nearly twofold higher concentrations. Two explanations have been proposed: 1) glucokinase, which has the same anomeric preference, is the principal hexose phosphorylating enzyme and limits glycolytic rate. 2) Phosphofructokinase limits glycolysis and hexokinase is the principal enzyme phosphorylating hexose; hexosediphosphate activators of phosphofructokinase are more readily synthesized from alpha-anomers of hexose phosphates. We have simulated both alternatives with a detailed anomerically specific model of the hexose-metabolizing glycolytic enzymes. The pathway preference for alpha-anomer of both hexoses was adequately reproduced with anomerically active limiting glucokinase. The other mechanism did not reproduce the observed pathway preference.

scholarly journals Multilingual Dependency Parsing: Using Machine Translated Texts Instead of Parallel Corpora

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Loganathan ◽  
Mareček David ◽  
Žabokrtský Zdenčk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Grammar Induction ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Cross Lingual

Abstract This paper revisits the projection-based approach to dependency grammar induction task. Traditional cross-lingual dependency induction tasks one way or the other, depend on the existence of bitexts or target language tools such as part-of-speech (POS) taggers to obtain reasonable parsing accuracy. In this paper, we transfer dependency parsers using only approximate resources, i.e., machine translated bitexts instead of manually created bitexts. We do this by obtaining the the source side of the text from a machine translation (MT) system and then apply transfer approaches to induce parser for the target languages. We further reduce the need for the availability of labeled target language resources by using unsupervised target tagger. We show that our approach consistently outperforms unsupervised parsers by a bigger margin (8.2% absolute), and results in similar performance when compared with delexicalized transfer parsers.

scholarly journals Differences in word learning: bilingualism or linguistic experience?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Borragan ◽  
Angela de Bruin ◽  
Viktoria Havas ◽  
Ruth de Diego-Balaguer ◽  
Mila Dimitrova Vulchanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBilinguals may be better than monolinguals at word learning due to their increased experience with language learning. In addition, bilinguals that have languages that are orthotactically different could be more used to dissimilar orthotactic patterns. The current study examines how bilinguals with languages that are orthotactically similar and dissimilar and monolinguals learn novel words that violate or respect the orthotactic legality of the languages they know and how this learning may be affected by the similarity between the bilinguals’ two languages. In Experiment 1, three groups of children were tested: monolinguals, Spanish-Basque bilinguals (dissimilar orthotactic languages), and Spanish-Catalan bilinguals (similar orthotactic languages). After an initial word learning phase, they were tested in a recall task and a recognition task. Results showed that Spanish-Basque bilingual children performed differently than the other two groups. While Spanish monolinguals and Spanish-Catalan bilinguals recognized illegal words worse than legal words, Spanish-Basque bilinguals showed equal performance in learning illegal and legal patterns. A replication study conducted with two new groups of Spanish-Basque children (one group with high Basque proficiency and one group with a lower proficiency) indicated that the effects were not driven by the proficiency in the second language since a similar performance on legal and illegal patterns was observed in both groups. In Experiment 2, two groups of adults, monolinguals and Spanish-Basque bilinguals, were tested with the same task used in Experiment 1. The effect seen in children seems to be absent in adults. Spanish-Basque bilingual adults showed better overall learning performance than monolinguals, irrespective of the illegality of the items. Differences between groups could be due to the effect of having acquired literacy and linguistic competence.

scholarly journals Natural Changes in a Soil of the Mediterranean Climate Under Low Agronomic Inputs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Napolitano ◽  
Luigi Santonicola
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Set Up

: This study was conducted to evaluate the behavior of nitrate, moisture and organic matter in a soil with low agronomic input. The test was conducted on silty-sandy soil, a temporal variability of the variables in the different seasons was observed in the three theses. The theses were observed in parallel twice a week. Nitrates showed an increase during the summer-autumn season with higher values ​​in the thesis containing organic matter, “bare soil” followed by the thesis “fallow” and finally by the “cultivated” (see below in experimental set up). The humidity was higher in the “bare soil” thesis followed by “fallow” and “cultivated” one during the summer, in winter the “cultivated” showed the lowest humidity compared to the other two theses. The organic matter does not show great variability in the seasons but is higher in the “fallow” thesis followed by “bare soil” and “cultivated” one. The Montecarlo test informed us that organic matter and humidity were autocorrelated within 5-7.5 m of distance (10-15 lag) while nitrates even if they seemed to be not autocorrelated with each other and have a cyclical pattern.

Der Homo Oeconomicus: Ausnahmeerscheinung in jeder Situation oder Jedermann in Ausnahmesituationen?

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Zintl
Keyword(s):  
Specific Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Empirical Implications ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractEven if formally precise, the economic concept of rationality has different empirical implications depending on how it is used in theory building. If it is used as a tool of microfoundation in multi-level analysis it can be applied universally, but does not imply a specific model of human behavior. As a means of constructing microtheories proper it is, on the other hand, translated into a definite model of man but can be applied only to specific situations. This model, known as homo oeconomicus or economic man, should not be taken as an assertion about human nature but rather as a shorthand description of the behavior enforced and stabilized by social situations of a certain type.

Growth of Johnsongrass Selections Under Different Temperatures and Dark Periods

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Burt ◽  
I. M. Wedderspoon
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Northern Climate ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

The differential response of three selections of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) to different temperatures and dark periods was studied in two experiments conducted in growth chambers. The three selections of johnsongrass were obtained from locations representing different climates. At 20 C all three selections grew equally with respect to most parameters of growth studied; however, at 35 C the selection from the southern climate produced more total fresh weight than the other two selections. Rhizome production and the number of stems also were greater in the southern selection at 35 C. An 8-hr dark period prevented flowering in all three selections and significantly reduced rhizome production in two selections compared to the 12-hr dark period. Flowering occurred most rapidly in the selection from a northern climate and most slowly in the selection from a southern climate. The results are discussed in relation to the possible plant adaptive changes and the possibility of weed control through dark period interruption.

Post-fire Germination of Hakea sericea and Petrophile sessilis after Spring Burning

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet York ◽  
Robert J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Season Of Burning

Land managers are concerned about the season in which fire might be used as amanagement tool, in many ecosystems, yet there are few studies from whichresponses of plant populations might be predicted. Previous studies have beenmostly conducted in highly seasonal, Mediterranean-climate regions and thereis generally little replication of fires within a particular season. Findingsfrom these studies may be of limited value in ecosystems with weakly seasonalor non-seasonal climates, such as in the Sydney region. In this study, firebehaviour was quantified in three replicate fires in Hawkesbury Sandstonevegetation near Wollongong, New South Wales. Fires were conducted in spring1995, and seed germination of two Proteaceae species(Petrophile sessilis Sieber ex Schult. & Schult.f.and Hakea sericea Schrader) was followed for a yearafter fire. Fire intensity and patchiness varied substantially among the threesites, even though the fires occurred within a 2-week period, and the plantcommunities and fuel loads were similar. The timing of germination also varieda great deal among sites, occurring almost immediately after the fire at onesite but being delayed by nearly half a year at the other two. The amount ofgermination (but not the time course of germination) differed between thespecies: up to 70% of Hakea seeds had germinatedby week 44, whereas only around 5% of Petrophileseeds had germinated. There was also a variation in germination, especially ofPetrophile, within each site. It is concluded that, inthe Sydney region, the season of burning may not have a great impact on timingand amount of germination because rainfall is not strongly seasonal. Variationbetween sites and among years may therefore exceed variation between seasonsof burning.

Influence of earthworms, Aporrectodea spp. (Lumbricidae), on lime burial in pasture soils in south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Baker ◽  
P. J. Carter ◽  
V. J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aporrectodea Caliginosa ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The relative abilities of 3 exotic lumbricid earthworms, the endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides and the anecic A. longa, to bury surface-applied lime and help ameliorate soil acidity were measured in cages in 7 pasture soils in south-eastern Australia. All 3 species buried lime, mostly within the top 5 cm of the soil profile, but A. longa buried it deeper than A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides. A. longa significantly increased soil pH at 15–20 cm depth at some sites within 5 months (winter–spring, the earthworm ‘season’ in the Mediterranean climate of south-eastern Australia). Lime burial varied markedly between sites. These site differences were explained, at least in part, by variations in rainfall. Lime burial increased with earthworm density. A minimum density of 214 A. longa/m 2 was needed to significantly enhance lime burial within one season. Higher densities were required for the other two species. However, per unit of biomass, A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides were generally more able to bury lime in the upper soil layers (2 . 5–10 cm depth) than A. longa. Agricultural soils in south-eastern Australia are dominated by shallow burrowing species such as A. caliginosa and A. trapezoides. Deeper burrowers such as A. longa are rare. Introduction of A. longa to soils in high-rainfall regions of south-eastern Australia, where it does not presently occur, should enhance lime burial and help reduce soil acidity.

scholarly journals Pomegranate Cultivation in Mediterranean Climate: Plant Adaptation and Fruit Quality of ‘Mollar de Elche’ and ‘Wonderful’ Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilenia Tinebra ◽  
Dario Scuderi ◽  
Giuseppe Sortino ◽  
Agata Mazzaglia ◽  
Vittorio Farina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The World ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Dimensional Growth

Two pomegranate cultivars, Mollar de Elche, native to Spain, and Wonderful, the most widely cultivated pomegranate variety in the world, were studied in a commercial orchard in Sicily, and their phenological behavior was compared. During the development of the fruit, their dimensional growth was monitored, and after harvest, physicochemical and sensory analyses were carried out to highlight the differences between fruit of the two cultivars. Results showed that Mollar de Elche fruit require less time from flowering to fruit maturity, resulting in an earlier harvest, which was due also to a higher relative growth rate of the fruit’s diameters. On the other hand, physicochemical analyses confirmed that Wonderful is the variety that is most appealing for fresh produce consumers due to its intense coloring. However, Mollar de Elche showed economically desirable characteristics such as a good softness of the seed. Moreover, sensory analysis showed that fruit of the cv. Mollar de Elche was found to have a sweeter taste of both arils and juice.

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