scholarly journals Fast and Stable Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with PEDOT:PSS/(Graphene–Ag-Nanowires) Nanocomposite Electrodes

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Park ◽  
Joohee Kim ◽  
Hanjung Song ◽  
Seonpil Kim ◽  
Minhyon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Polymer Actuators

Ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators that are driven by electrical stimuli have been widely investigated for use in practical applications. However, conventional electrodes in IEAP actuators have a serious drawback of poor durability under long-term actuation in open air, mainly because of leakage of the inner electrolyte and hydrated cations through surface cracks on the metallic electrodes. To overcome this problem, a top priority is developing new high-performance ionic polymer actuators with graphene electrodes that have superior mechanical, electrical conductivity, and electromechanical properties. However, the task is made difficultby issues such as the low electrical conductivity of graphene (G). The percolation network of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) is believed to enhance the conductivity of graphene, while poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which exhibits excellent stability under ambient conditions, is expected to improve the actuation performance of IEAP actuators. In this study, we developed a very fast, stable, and durable IEAP actuator by employing electrodes made of a nanocomposite comprising PEDOT:PSS and graphene–Ag-NWs (P/(G–Ag)). The cost-effective P/(G–Ag) electrodes with high electrical conductivity displayed a smooth surface resulting from the PEDOT:PSS coating, which prevented oxidation of the surface upon exposure to air, and showedstrong bonding between the ionic polymer and the electrode surface. More interestingly, the proposed IEAP actuator based on the P/G–Ag electrode can be used in active biomedical devices, biomimetic robots, wearable electronics, and flexible soft electronics.

Use of anti-solvent to enhance thermoelectric response of hybrid-halide perovskite thin films

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant SAINI ◽  
Izuki Matsumoto ◽  
Sakura Kishishita ◽  
Ajay Kumar Baranwal ◽  
Tomohide Yabuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Tuning ◽  
Charge Carrier Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Halide Perovskite

Abstract Hybrid halide perovskite has been recently focused on thermoelectric energy harvesting due to the cost-effective fabrication approach and ultra-low thermal conductivity. To achieve high performance, tuning of electrical conductivity is a key parameter that is influenced by grain boundary scattering and charge carrier density. The fabrication process allows tuning these parameters. We report the use of anti-solvent to enhance the thermoelectric performance of lead-free hybrid halide perovskite, CH3NH3SnI3, thin films. Thin films with anti-solvent show higher connectivity in grains and higher Sn+4 oxidation states which results in enhancing the value of electrical conductivity. Thin films were prepared by a cost-effective wet process. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The value of electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient were measured near room temperature. The high value of power factor (1.55 µW/m.K2 at 320 K) was achieved for thin films treated with anti-solvent.

scholarly journals Plasma-Assisted Three-Dimensional Lightscribe Graphene as High Performance Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Namdar ◽  
Foad Ghasemi ◽  
Zeinab Sanaee
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Effective Surface Area ◽  
Effective Surface ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sequential Processes

Abstract Graphene-based supercapacitors demonstrate extraordinary energy storage capacity due to their layered structure, large effective surface area, high electrical conductivity and acceptable chemical stability. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based supercapacitors were introduced in a simple, green, fast and inexpensive method. For this purpose, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the modified Hummers’ method and then easily reduced to desired patterns of rGO using a commercial LightScribe DVD drive. In order to increase the effective surface area, as well as the electrical conductivity of rGO layers, oxygen/sulfur hexafluoride plasma was applied to the rGO followed by laser irradiation. By performing such sequential processes, an rGO-based supercapacitor was introduced with a capacitance of about 10.2 F/cm3, which had high stability for more than 1000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles. The fabrication steps of the electrodes were investigated by different analyses such as SEM, TEM, Raman, surface resistance and XPS measurements. Results show that these rGO-based electrodes fabricated by sequential processes are very interesting for practical applications of energy storage.

scholarly journals Ball Milling-Assisted Synthesis of Ultrasmall Ruthenium Phosphide for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Yanglong Guo ◽  
Wangcheng Zhan ◽  
Tian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Conventional Solution

The development of scalable hydrogen production technology to produce hydrogen economically and in an environmentally friendly way is particularly important. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a clean, renewable, and potentially cost-effective pathway to produce hydrogen, but it requires the use of a favorable electrocatalyst which can generate hydrogen with minimal overpotential for practical applications. Up to now, ruthenium phosphide Ru2P has been considered as a high-performance electrocatalyst for the HER. However, a tedious post-treatment method as well as large consumption of solvents in conventional solution-based synthesis still limits the scalable production of Ru2P electrocatalysts in practical applications. In this study, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy to controllably synthesize uniform ultrasmall Ru2P nanoparticles embedded in carbon for highly efficient HER. The key to our success lies in the use of a solid-state ball milling-assisted technique, which overcomes the drawbacks of the complicated post-treatment procedure and large solvent consumption compared with solution-based synthesis. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits excellent Pt-like HER performance with a small overpotential of 36 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, providing new opportunities for the fabrication of highly efficient HER electrocatalysts in real-world applications.

scholarly journals Strong sequentially bridged MXene sheets

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (44) ◽  
pp. 27154-27161
Author(s):  
Sijie Wan ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yanlei Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Bonding Agent ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ionic Bonding ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene has great potential for use in aerospace and flexible electronics due to its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the assembly of MXene nanosheets into macroscopic high-performance nanocomposites is challenging, limiting MXene’s practical applications. Here we describe our work fabricating strong and highly conductive MXene sheets through sequential bridging of hydrogen and ionic bonding. The ionic bonding agent decreases interplanar spacing and increases MXene nanosheet alignment, while the hydrogen bonding agent increases interplanar spacing and decreases MXene nanosheet alignment. Successive application of hydrogen and ionic bonding agents optimizes toughness, tensile strength, oxidation resistance in a humid environment, and resistance to sonication disintegration and mechanical abuse. The tensile strength of these MXene sheets reaches up to 436 MPa. The electrical conductivity and weight-normalized shielding efficiency are also as high as 2,988 S/cm and 58,929 dB∙cm2/g, respectively. The toughening and strengthening mechanisms are revealed by molecular-dynamics simulations. Our sequential bridging strategy opens an avenue for the assembly of other high-performance MXene nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Deposition Time and Annealing Effects of ZnO Seed Layer on Enhancing Vertical Alignment of Piezoelectric ZnO Nanowires

Chemosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoufik Slimani Tlemcani ◽  
Camille Justeau ◽  
Kevin Nadaud ◽  
Guylaine Poulin-Vittrant ◽  
Daniel Alquier
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zno Nanowires ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Radio Frequency Sputtering ◽  
Seed Layers

Well aligned crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) on ZnO/Au/Ti/Si substrates were grown by so-called “hydrothermal synthesis”. ZnO seed layers with different thicknesses ranging from 5 to 100 nm, achieved by controlling the deposition time, were prepared by radio-frequency sputtering, followed by a post-annealing treatment in air at 400 °C. The effects of deposition time and annealing treatment of ZnO seed layers on the subsequent growth of ZnO NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results reveal that the quality and growth behaviors of ZnO NWs are strongly dependent on both the thickness and the heat treatment of the ZnO seed layers. This work is an optimization step of an easy, cost-effective, and industrially scalable process flow recently developed for the fabrication of a high performance, nanocomposite-based stretchable nanogenerator (SNG) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The morphological improvement of hydrothermally grown ZnO NWs may therefore lead to higher performance SNGs for the targeted application of mechanical energy harvesting, in order to supply flexible and wearable electronics.

scholarly journals Highly stable MXene (V2CTx)-based harmonic pulse generation

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2577-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichun Huang ◽  
Chunyang Ma ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Lanping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Harmonic Order ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Harmonic Mode ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Er Doped

AbstractMXene as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material exhibits a lot of advantages in nonlinear optics. However, the common MXene, Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx nanosheets, easily suffer from degradation under ambient conditions, greatly limiting their practical applications. Here, we demonstrated one of MXene compounds, V2CTx, which has a strong modulation depth (nearly 50%), can serve as an excellent saturable absorber (SA) in passively mode-locked (PML) fiber lasers. More importantly, 206th harmonic order has been successfully generated in Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser, exhibiting maximum repetition rate of 1.01 GHz and pulse duration of 940 fs, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest harmonic mode-locked fiber laser from the MXene SA so far. In addition, the high harmonic order mode-locked operation can maintain at least 24 h without any noticeable change, suggesting MXene V2CTx nanosheets have excellent stability in this mode-locked fiber laser. It is anticipated that the present work can pave the way to new design for MXene-based heterostructures for high-performance harmonic mode-locked lasers.

Advanced 3D eWLB-SiP (embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array – System in Package) Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Seung Wook Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Line Spacing

FO-WLP (Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging) has been established as one of the most versatile packaging technologies in the recent past and is already accounting for a market value of over 1 billion USD due to its unique advantages. The technology combines high performance, increased functionality with a high potential for heterogeneous integration and reduce the total form factor as well as cost-effectiveness. The emerging of advanced of silicon node technology down to 10 nanometer (nm) in support of higher performance, bandwidth and better power efficiency in mobile products pushes the boundaries of emerging packaging technologies to smaller form-factor packaging designs with finer line/spacing as well as improved thermal electrical/performance and integration of SiP or 3D capabilities. Advanced eWLB FO-WLP technology provides a versatile platform for the semiconductor industry's technology evolution from single or multi-die 2D package designs to 2.5D interposers and 3D System-in-Package (SiP) configurations. This paper reports developments that extend multi-die and 3D SiP applications with eWLB technology, including ultra thin devices or/and with an interposer substrate attachment. Test vehicles have been designed and fabricated to demonstrate and characterize integrated packaging solutions for network, mobile products including IoT and wearable electronics. The test vehicles have ranged from ~30mm2 to large sizes up to ~230mm2 and 0.4mm ball pitch. Assembly process details including 3D vertical interconnect, laser ablation, RDL processes and mechanical reliability characterizations are to be discussed with component and board level reliability results. In addition, warpage behavior and the PoP stacking process will also be presented. Innovative structure optimization that provides dual advantages of both height reduction and enhanced package reliability are reported. To enable higher interconnection density and signal routing, packages with multiple redistribution layers (RDL) and fine line/width spacing are fabricated and implemented on the eWLB platform. Successful reliability and electrical characterization results on multi-die and 3D eWLB-SiP configurations are reported as an enabling technology for highly integrated, miniaturized, low profile and cost effective solutions.

Eight-Ton Advanced GAX Cycle Prototype Results

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anand ◽  
Donald C. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Pressure Cycle ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Commercial Applications

Abstract The advanced Vapor eXchange Generator Absorber heat eXchange (VX GAX) cycle has similar components as the basic GAX cycle but is a three-pressure cycle and makes more complete use of the GAX temperature overlap. Less external heat is supplied to the generator, and the cycle efficiency is increased. A breadboard prototype of a gas-fired heat pump using the VX GAX cycle has been developed and tested. A higher COP was achieved using reliable and cost effective components. This paper presents the VX GAX cycle breadboard design concept, the hardware realization, and the performance achieved. Several novel concepts were incorporated to achieve the design objectives of higher efficiency and capacity, lower cost, compactness, avoidance of code restrictions, and operability from 49°C (120°F) summer to −8°C (17°F) winter ambient conditions. The prototype results have confirmed the high performance capability of the advanced GAX cycle. At 35°C (95°F) ambient air-cooled conditions, a gas-cooling COP of 0.85 was achieved at design capacity. This is a 20% improvement relative to current basic GAX chillers. The eight-ton capacity is ideal for small-scale commercial applications and provides economy of scale. The wide ambient operating range is key to year-round operation and attractive payback in all climate zones. The demonstrated improvement in both system performance and cost is key to achieving nationwide mass-market status.

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