scholarly journals Towards a Non-Invasive Technique for Healing Assessment of Internally Fixated Femur

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Chiu ◽  
Benjamin Vien ◽  
Matthias Russ ◽  
Mark Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Vibrational Analysis ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Cross Spectrum ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Epoxy Adhesives ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Healing Assessment

The lack of a quantitative method to adequately assess fractured bone healing that has undergone fixation limits prognostic capabilities on patients’ optimal return to work. This paper addresses the use of vibrational analysis to monitor the state of healing of a plate-screw fixated femur and supplement the current clinical radiographic assessment. This experimental study involves an osteotomised composite femur specimen enclosed by modelling clay to simulate the damping effect of overlying soft tissues. Epoxy adhesives are applied to the fractured region and to simulate the healing process. With the instrumentation described, the cross-spectrum and coherence are obtained and analysed in the frequency domain over a period of time. The results suggest that it is crucial to analyse the cross-spectrum and proposed healing index to quantitatively assess the stages of healing. The results also show that the mass loading effect due to modelling clay did not influence the proposed healing assessment technique. The findings indicate a potential non-intrusive technique to evaluate the healing of fractured femur by utilising the vibrational responses.

scholarly journals In vivo impact testing on a lengthened femur with external fixation: a future option for the non-invasive monitoring of fracture healing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (142) ◽  
pp. 20180068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mattei ◽  
Francesca Di Puccio ◽  
Stefano Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Healing Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Non-invasive methods for assessing fracture healing are crucial for biomedical engineers. An approach based on mechanical vibrations was tried out in the 1990s, but was soon abandoned due to insufficiently advanced technologies. The same approach is re-proposed in the present study in order to monitor the healing process of a lengthened femur with an external fixator. The pins screwed into the bone were exploited for the impact testing (IT) to excite the bone and capture its response. Transmission through the soft tissues was thus prevented, and the quality of the signals was improved. Impact tests were performed every three to four weeks for five months. Unfortunately, after seven weeks, some pins were removed due to infection, and thus, the system was modified. Two different configurations were considered: before and after pin removal. An additional configuration was examined in the last two sessions, when the fixator body was removed, while four pins were left in the femur. The evolution of the frequency response function and of the resonant frequencies of the system were analysed for the duration of the monitoring period. The IT results were compared to the indications provided by X-ray images. During the evolution of the callus from the soft phase to the woven bone, the resonant frequencies of the system were found to increase by approximately 2–3% per week. The largest increase (approx. 22%) was observed for the first resonant frequency. After formation of the woven bone, the vibratory response remained almost the same, suggesting that the healing assessment could be related to the relative variation in the resonant frequencies. The results presented support the application of the IT approach for fracture healing assessment.

Human Birth Imaging Using MRI: Prospective cohort study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Ami ◽  
Jean Christophe Maran ◽  
Dominique Musset ◽  
Claude Dubray ◽  
Gérard Mage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bony Pelvis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Human Birth

UNSTRUCTURED Childbirth is a physiologic process with significant medical risk, as neurological impairment due to the birthing process can occur at any time. Improvements in risk assessment and anticipatory interventions are constantly needed; however, the birthing process is difficult to assess using simple imaging technology since the maternal bony pelvis and fetal skeleton interfere with visualizing the soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique with no ionizing radiation that can monitor the biomechanics of the birthing process. Effective utilization of this modality, however, requires teamwork and implementation of the appropriate safeguards to achieve appropriate safety levels. This article describes a clinically effective and safe method to perform real-time MRI during the birthing process. We report the experience of our team as part of the IMAGINAITRE research protocol (France), which aimed better understand of the biomechanics of childbirth. 

scholarly journals Effects of mass loading on the viability of assessing the state of healing of a fixated fractured long bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205566831984280
Author(s):  
WK Chiu ◽  
WH Ong ◽  
M Russ ◽  
T Tran ◽  
M Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Vibrational Analysis ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
The State ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Vibrational Response ◽  
Healing Index ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Healing Assessment

Introduction This paper aims to evaluate the effects of mass loading on the healing assessment of an internally fixated femur by vibrational means. The presence of soft tissue surrounding a femur increases damping and mass of a system, and hence affects the vibrational response of a mechanical structure by obscuring the coherent modes. This may compromise vibration-based monitoring strategies in identifying modes associated with fracture healing. Methods This paper presents a series of experimental works to address this issue. Two osteotomised composite femurs were internally fixated using a plate-screw system and an intramedullary nail. Soft tissue is approximated by surrounding an artificial Sawbone femur with modelling clay. The femur is excited by an instrumented impact hammer and instrumented with two accelerometers to record bending and torsion modes between 0 and 600 Hz. A 30-min epoxy was applied to simulate the healing of the fractured femur in the osteotomised region. The resonant frequencies and its modes are monitored while union is being formed and a healing index is calculated at various times to quantify the degree of healing. Results The results demonstrate that the effect of modelling clay compressed the natural modes along the frequency axis. It is observed that frequency bandwidth in the vicinity of 150 Hz and 500 Hz is sensitive to the state of healing of the fixated femurs, which is due to the increase in stiffness of the osteotomised region. These findings were used to formulate the healing index which assists in identifying the initial, later and complete healing stages in conjunction with the index derivative. Conclusion In this study, a two-sensor measurement strategy to quantify fixated femur healing is investigated. It is shown that the mass loading effect did not affect this vibrational analysis method ability to assess the state of healing, and both coherent bending and twisting modes associated with healing were easily identified. The proposed healing index, its derivative, and the cross-spectra are a viable tool for quantitative healing assessment.

A Comparative Study of the in vivo Distribution of 32P-Polyphosphates and 32P-Orthophosphate

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Esther Miller ◽  
Leopoldo Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
In Vivo Distribution ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Total Body

SummaryThe distribution of 32P-polyphosphates (lineal and cross-linked) and 32Porthophosphate in normal and tumor bearing animals has been studied. Differences between the cross-linked and the lineal form are related to a different degree of susceptibility to the hydrolysis by the phosphatases. In contrast to orthophosphate, the polyphosphates showed a lower accumulation in soft tissues which gives an advantageous reduction of the total body radiation dose.

USING DOPPLER TO ASSESS THE FETAL HEALTH FOR THE PREDICTION OF GESTATIONAL OUTCOME

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Thi Linh Giang Truong ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Words Doppler

Background: Assessment of fetal health plays the most important role in prenatal care because of influence of the prediction of gestational outcome. One of the main aims of routine antenatal care is to identify the ‘ at risk ‘ fetus in order to apply clinical interventions which could results in reduced perinatal morbidity and mortality. Doppler ultrasound is a non invasive technique whereby the movement of blood is studied by detecting the change in frequence of reflected sound, Doppler blood flow velocity waves form of fetal side (umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery ...) and maternal side ( uterine arteries) are discussed and monograms for routine practice are presented. Recently this method is important tool for qualifying high risk pregnancies and help early forecasts the health of the babies and mothers disorder. Doppler sonography in obstetrics is a widely accepted functional method of examining the prediction of gestational outcome. Key words: Doppler, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries

scholarly journals Serial Ultrasonographic and Real-Time Elastosonographic Assessment of the Ovine Common Calcaneal Tendon, after an Experimentally Induced Tendinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Daniele Serrani ◽  
Antonella Volta ◽  
Franco Cingolani ◽  
Luca Pennasilico ◽  
Caterina Di Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Real-time elastosonography (RTE) is a recently described, non-invasive, ultrasonographic technique developed to assess tissue elasticity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the ultrasonographic and elastosonographic appearance of the common calcaneal tendon (CCT) in an ovine model, and to monitor the progression of tendon healing after an experimentally-induced tendinopathy. Sound tendons were initially evaluated (T0) with a caliper and by a single operator with ultrasound. Ultrasonographic and elastosonographic images were then acquired. Subsequently, ultrasound-guided tendon lesions were induced by injecting 500 IU of Type IA collagenases proximally to the calcaneal tuberosity. Caliper measurement, ultrasonography and elastosonography were then repeated at 15 (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 (T3) days. Clinically measured width of the tendon, ultrasonographic thickness and width and percentage of hard (Elx-t%hrd) and soft (Elx-t%sft) tissue were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed good (0.68) repeatability of elastosonographic evaluation of the CCT. The tendon width was significantly increased when comparing T0 with T1–2 and decreased when comparing T1–2 with T3. Ultrasound-assessed thickness was significantly increased between T0–T1 and decreased between T1-T2–3. Elx-t%hrd was significantly decreased at T1–2–3 and Elx-t%sft was significantly increased at T1–2–3. In conclusion, the ovine CCT is a highly stiff structure that undergoes a severe loss of stiffness during the healing process. Thickness and width of the tendon increased during the first 30 days and then reduced progressively along the subsequent 30 days. Ultrasonographic appearance of the tendon remained severely abnormal and the tendon showed severely reduced elastic proprieties 60 days after lesion induction.

scholarly journals Thermal Liquid Biopsy (TLB) Focused on Benign and Premalignant Pancreatic Cyst Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sonia Hermoso-Durán ◽  
Guillermo García-Rayado ◽  
Laura Ceballos-Laita ◽  
Carlos Sostres ◽  
Sonia Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Pancreatic Cyst ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Pancreatic Lesion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
New Biomarkers

Background: Current efforts in the identification of new biomarkers are directed towards an accurate differentiation between benign and premalignant cysts. Thermal Liquid Biopsy (TLB) has been previously applied to inflammatory and tumor diseases and could offer an interesting point of view in this type of pathology. Methods: In this work, twenty patients (12 males and 8 females, average ages 62) diagnosed with a pancreatic cyst benign (10) and premalignant (10) cyst lesions were recruited, and biological samples were obtained during the endoscopic ultrasonography procedure. Results: Proteomic content of cyst liquid samples was studied and several common proteins in the different groups were identified. TLB cyst liquid profiles reflected protein content. Also, TLB serum score was able to discriminate between healthy and cysts patients (71% sensitivity and 98% specificity) and between benign and premalignant cysts (75% sensitivity and 67% specificity). Conclusions: TLB analysis of plasmatic serum sample, a quick, simple and non-invasive technique that can be easily implemented, reports valuable information on the observed pancreatic lesion. These preliminary results set the basis for a larger study to refine TLB serum score and move closer to the clinical application of TLB providing useful information to the gastroenterologist during patient diagnosis.

Non-invasive investigation of the cross-sectional solids distribution in CFB risers by X-ray computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Hensler ◽  
Markus Firsching ◽  
Juan Sebastian Gomez Bonilla ◽  
Thorsten Wörlein ◽  
Norman Uhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Cross
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