scholarly journals Development of a Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber Stability Sensor and a Novel Production Technique via Combination of Natural, Chloroprene and Silicone Rubbers

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Shimada ◽  
Ryo Ikeda ◽  
Hiroshige Kikura ◽  
Hideharu Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
Polymerization Behavior ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Diene Rubbers ◽  
Silicone Rubbers ◽  
Highly Porous

Expanding on our previous report, we investigate the stability of a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber sensor that was developed for a variety of engineering applications. To stabilize this sensor, we proposed a novel combination technique that facilitates the addition of dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS) to natural rubber (NR)-latex or chloroprene rubber (CR)-latex using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by experimentally and theoretically investigating issues related to instability. This technique is one of several other novel combinations of diene and non-diene rubbers. Silicone oil or rubber with PDMS can be combined with NR-latex and CR-latex because of PVA’s emulsion polymerization behavior. In addition, owing to electrolytic polymerization based on the combination of PDMS and PVA, MCF rubber is highly porous and can be infiltrated in any liquid. Hence, the fabrication of novel intelligent rubbers using any intelligent fluid is feasible. By assembling infiltrated MCF rubber sheets and by conducting electrolytic polymerization of MCF rubber liquid with a hydrate using the adhesive technique as presented in a previous paper, it is possible to stabilize the MCF rubber sensor. This sensor is resistant to cold or hot water as well as γ-irradiation as shown in the previous report.

scholarly journals Utilisation of bleed steam heat to increase the upper heat source temperature in low-temperature ORC

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Mikielewicz ◽  
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Source Temperature ◽  
Heat Source Temperature ◽  
Steam Heat

Utilisation of bleed steam heat to increase the upper heat source temperature in low-temperature ORC In the paper presented is a novel concept to utilize the heat from the turbine bleed to improve the quality of working fluid vapour in the bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC). That is a completely novel solution in the literature, which contributes to the increase of ORC efficiency and the overall efficiency of the combined system of the power plant and ORC plant. Calculations have been accomplished for the case when available is a flow rate of low enthalpy hot water at a temperature of 90 °C, which is used for preliminary heating of the working fluid. That hot water is obtained as a result of conversion of exhaust gases in the power plant to the energy of hot water. Then the working fluid is further heated by the bleed steam to reach 120 °C. Such vapour is subsequently directed to the turbine. In the paper 5 possible working fluids were examined, namely R134a, MM, MDM, toluene and ethanol. Only under conditions of 120 °C/40 °C the silicone oil MM showed the best performance, in all other cases the ethanol proved to be best performing fluid of all. Results are compared with the "stand alone" ORC module showing its superiority.

The Stability of Highly Concentrated Water-in-Oil Emulsions and Structure of Highly Porous Polystyrene Produced from Them

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Koroleva ◽  
V. A. Shcherbakov ◽  
L. Kh. Khasanova ◽  
A. I. Rakitin ◽  
S. A. Shirokikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Highly Porous

Preparation of Cross-Linked Cellulase Aggregate and Application to Cool Finishing of Cotton Fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gang Bai ◽  
Bingbing Feng ◽  
Yanchun Liu ◽  
Shujiao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
Capillary Effect ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Moisture Permeability ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
The Stability

Cellulase was immobilized by cross-linked enzyme aggregation to improve the stability of cellulase. The prepared cross-linked cellulase aggregates (CLCAs) and ice silicone oil were used for the cool finishing of cotton fabric. The results showed that the CLCAs extended the cellulase stability compared to free cellulase. The surface softness, smoothness, moisture permeability, and air permeability of the cotton fabric increased after CLCAs and ice silicone oil treatment. Shearing rigidity of the treated sample was 0.44 cN/(cm·deg), bending rigidity was 0.0069 cN cm, and the drape coefficient was 29.3%. Coefficient of kinetic friction of the treated sample was 0.186. The capillary effect of the treated fabric was 12.1 cm/(30 min). Air permeability was 354.3 L/(m2·s). Moisture penetrability was 3.912 g/(m2·d). The thermal and water-vapor resistance were 0.0194 m2·°C/W and 4.691 Pa·m2/W, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of Temperature Process Control Method Using Smith Predictor

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06016
Author(s):  
Nikolajs Bogdanovs ◽  
Romualds Beļinskis ◽  
Ernests Petersons ◽  
Andris Krūmiņš ◽  
Artūrs Brahmanis
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Distributed Delay ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
The Stability ◽  
System With Time Delay

The analysis of a problem of development of control systems for objects with big time delay is carried out in this work. For such objects it is difficult to provide high-quality control, because the control is carried on the last status of object’s output. The main setup methods of PID regulators have been examined. Based on this analysis the technique of complete synthesis of the regulator of higher level is given in order to regulate building’s heating system. This work offers a new method of object’s control with distributed delay. As the test bed for the offered structure of control the valve of hot water supply in a heat-node is used. Using the test bed the stability of the system with time delay have been studied, which is controlled by the PID-regulator assisted by Smith Predictor used to compensate the dead time.

scholarly journals Effect of H2O on the Pressure-Induced Amorphization of Hydrated AlPO4-17

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G. Alabarse ◽  
Boby Joseph ◽  
Andrea Lausi ◽  
Julien Haines
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Microporous Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Guest Species ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
The Stability

The incorporation of guest species in zeolites has been found to strongly modify their mechanical behavior and their stability with respect to amorphization at high pressure (HP). Here we report the strong effect of H2O on the pressure-induced amorphization (PIA) in hydrated AlPO4-17. The material was investigated in-situ at HP by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction in diamond anvil cells by using non- and penetrating pressure transmitting media (PTM), respectively, silicone oil and H2O. Surprisingly, in non-penetrating PTM, its structural response to pressure was similar to its anhydrous phase at lower pressures up to ~1.4 GPa, when the amorphization was observed to start. Compression of the structure of AlPO4-17 is reduced by an order of magnitude when the material is compressed in H2O, in which amorphization begins in a similar pressure range as in non-penetrating PTM. The complete and irreversible amorphization was observed at ~9.0 and ~18.7 GPa, respectively, in non- and penetrating PTM. The present results show that the insertion of guest species can be used to strongly modify the stability of microporous material with respect to PIA, by up to an order of magnitude.

scholarly journals Influence of the degree of soil organic matter lability on the calcium carbonate equilibrium of soil water

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
S. Kužel ◽  
L. Kolář ◽  
J. Gergel ◽  
J. Peterka ◽  
J. Borová-Batt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Carbonate Equilibrium

: In average samples of three sandy-loamy acid Cambisols from a South Bohemian area labile organic matters were determined by the permangate method modified by the dichromate method, and the rate constant of their biochemical oxidation was determined in hot water extracts of the samples. The need of liming was determined by means of 2 methods. In soil solutions of these samples, all values necessary to evaluate their calcium carbonate equilibriums were determined. The soil samples were enriched with 3% of dry matter of two organic materials, farmyard manure and meadow clover meal, and were incubated at 25&deg;C for 180 days under wetting above 50% of their retention water capacity, and after this procedure all analyses were repeated. Both methods were found to increase the need of liming in all three soils: the more labile the organic matter in 3% addition, the higher the need. The meadow clover matter was more labile than the farmyard manure matter. All three methods for the study of soil carbon lability yielded similar results while the potassium permanganate method was more sensitive than the dichromate one. Increases were observed in equilibrium [Cr(H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>* )] and in Langelier saturation index I<sub>s</sub>. This means that soil liming cannot be considered only as an adjustment to the soil acidity and supply of calcium to plants to meet their requirements, but also as a replacement of the spontaneous adjustment to calcium carbonate equilibrium of soil water, for which through mineralisation of labile organic matters in conditions of our experiment about 220 kg CaCO<sub>3</sub> per hectare of land were consumed on condition that it was not necessary to re-establish it. The process of Ca-compound consumption to establish the calcium carbonate equilibrium is controlled exclusively by the degree of mineralising organic matters lability while the influence of soil properties is only marginal. The same results were provided by the comparison of calcium carbonate equilibriums in nine &Scaron;umava brooks of the total watershed area 78 564 km<sup>2</sup> with the degree of lability of organic matters in their sediments in 1986, 2001 and 2004. A reduction in the intensity of agricultural production in 1986&ndash;2004 resulted in an increase in the stability of organic matters in the sediments, in a decrease in I<sub>s</sub>, and in a lower corrosivity of brooks water towards CaCO<sup>3</sup>. However, the quality of soils and their potential soil fertility decreased due to the loss of labile organic matters.

scholarly journals Effects of Syringe Material and Silicone Oil Lubrication on the Stability of Pharmaceutical Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Krayukhina ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
Susumu Uchiyama ◽  
Kiichi Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Oil Lubrication ◽  
Pharmaceutical Proteins ◽  
The Stability

Radiation and thermal effects on polymeric immobilization devices used in patients submitted to radiotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
C. Pereira-Loch ◽  
R. Benavides ◽  
M. Fogliato S. Lima ◽  
B.M. Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
The Stability

AbstractImmobilization devices in radiotherapy are made of a soft plastic easy to mould when immersed in hot water. Same item is usually used for 6 patients (according to protocol), but at Hospital Sao Jose (HSJ) they have been showing some deformation during the re-utilization process. The latter is the reason for this research where devices were treated with 6 thermal conditions, 6 irradiation procedures and the joint effect of both treatments. DSC, TGA and WAXD indicated devices are made of polycaprolactone (PCL), but no signs of degradation, except a slight variation in crystalinity; however, mechanical properties by means of Young’s modulus steadily increase its values through number of treatments up to a 20%. Activation energy (Ea) obtained by multi-ramps of TGA-Arrhenius evaluated for the most treated samples (6th treatment) indicates that temperature facilitates degradation while irradiation and joint treatments enhance the stability of PCL, apparently by crosslinking.

scholarly journals Home Administration of CVD 103-HgR: A Live Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232-1240
Author(s):  
R. Paul Duffin ◽  
Michael Delbuono ◽  
Lawrence Chew ◽  
James Johnstone ◽  
Volker Niedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
The Stability ◽  
User Friendly

ABSTRACTVaccination is a well-established means for prevention and spread of disease in people traveling abroad. Although vaccines to diseases such as cholera are recommended by world health agencies, they are seldom required even when traveling to endemic regions. Consequences of noncompliance can affect traveler’s health and spread diseases to new regions, as occurred in Haiti in 2010 when United Nations peacekeepers from Nepal, where a cholera outbreak was underway, introduced the disease to the region. Steps to increase vaccine recommendation compliance should therefore be an integral part of vaccine development. PXVX0200 contains Center for Vaccine Development 103-HgR live, attenuated recombinant Vibrio cholerae vaccine strain, and is indicated for single-dose immunization against the bacteria that causes cholera. It is supplied as one buffer and one active component packet to be mixed into water and ingested. Administration instructions are designed to be “user friendly” with flexibility for self-administration, thus promoting compliance. Studies to support self-administration were conducted to cover stability of the vaccine outside of normal storage conditions, potency in case of misadministration, and disposal procedures to minimize environmental impact. The principal findings showed that the stability of vaccine was maintained under conditions allowing for transport times and temperature conditions as well as when misadministration errors were made. Finally, the vaccine was effectively neutralized with hot water and soap to prevent bacterial environmental contamination in the event of an accidental spill. The conclusion is that PXVX0200 oral vaccine is stable, easy to formulate and dispose of, and is amenable to self-administration.

The Pilot, Elke, Blakeney, Narwhal, Harbour and Feugh fields, Blocks 21/27, 21/28, 28/2 and 28/3, UK North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Brown ◽  
Peter H. Wood ◽  
Maurice L. F. Bamford ◽  
Jon G. Gluyas
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
The West ◽  
Steam Flood ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe, as yet undeveloped, heavy-oil fields of the Western Platform contain about 500 MMbbl of oil in place. The fields are reservoired in highly porous and permeable, Middle Eocene, deep-water sandstones of the Tay Sandstone Member, deposited as turbidite flows from a shelf immediately to the west.Oil gravity varies from 19° API in the Harbour Field to 12° API in the northern end of the Pilot Field. The reservoirs are shallow: Pilot and Harbour are at about 2700 ft TVDSS, with the Narwhal, Elke, Blakeney and Feugh discoveries being deeper at about 3300 ft TVDSS. Overall, oil viscosity decreases and API oil gravity increases with depth.To date, the high oil viscosity has precluded development of these discoveries, and many previous operators have considered various development schemes, all based on water flood.The development of the Pilot Field is being planned using either a hot-water-flood, steam-flood or polymer-flood approach, which all have the potential of achieving a very high recovery factor of 35–55%. Steam has been evaluated in most detail and about 240 MMbbl could be recovered should all of these discoveries be steam flooded.

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