scholarly journals Wearable Hand Module and Real-Time Tracking Algorithms for Measuring Finger Joint Angles of Different Hand Sizes with High Accuracy Using FBG Strain Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kim ◽  
Byung Kim ◽  
Minsu Jang ◽  
Kyumin Kang ◽  
Dae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Fbg Sensors

This paper presents a wearable hand module which was made of five fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor and algorithms to achieve high accuracy even when worn on different hand sizes of users. For real-time calculation with high accuracy, FBG strain sensors move continuously according to the size of the hand and the bending of the joint. Representatively, four algorithms were proposed; point strain (PTS), area summation (AREA), proportional summation (PS), and PS/interference (PS/I or PS/I_ α ). For more accurate and efficient assessments, 3D printed hand replica with different finger sizes was adopted and quantitative evaluations were performed for index~little fingers (77 to 117 mm) and thumb (68~78 mm). For index~little fingers, the optimized algorithms were PS and PS/I_ α . For thumb, the optimized algorithms were PS/I_ α and AREA. The average error angle of the wearable hand module was observed to be 0.47 ± 2.51° and mean absolute error (MAE) was achieved at 1.63 ± 1.97°. These results showed that more accurate hand modules than other glove modules applied to different hand sizes can be manufactured using FBG strain sensors which move continuously and algorithms for tracking this movable FBG sensors.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of Real-Time Ski Jumping Tracking System Based on Wearable Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7780
Author(s):  
Johannes Link ◽  
Sébastien Guillaume ◽  
Bjoern M. Eskofier
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
National Team ◽  
Ski Jumping ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Flight Parameters

For sports scientists and coaches, its crucial to have reliable tracking systems to improve athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the validity of a wearable real-time tracking system (WRRTS) for the quantification of ski jumping. The tracking system consists of wearable trackers attached to the ski bindings of the athletes and fixed antennas next to the jumping hill. To determine the accuracy and precision of the WRRTS, four athletes of the German A or B National Team performed 35 measured ski jumps. The WRRTS was used to measure the 3D positions and ski angles during the jump. The measurements are compared with camera measurements for the in-flight parameters and the official video distance for the jumping distance to assess their accuracy. We statistically evaluated the different methods using Bland–Altman plots. We thereby find a mean absolute error of 0.46 m for the jumping distance, 0.12 m for the in-flight positions, and 0.8°, and 3.4° for the camera projected pitch and V-style opening angle, respectively. We show the validity of the presented WRRTS to measure the investigated parameters. Thus, the system can be used as a tracking system during training and competitions for coaches and sports scientists. The real-time feature of the tracking system enables usage during live TV broadcasting.

scholarly journals A Device to Measure a Smoker’s Puffing Topography and Real-Time Puff-By-Puff “Tar” Delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Slayford ◽  
Barrie E. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Obscuration ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Volume Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA device for measuring the flow, duration and volume characteristics of human puffing behaviour when smoking cigarettes is described. Cigarettes are smoked through a holder comprising a measured pressure drop across a critical orifice. The holder also contains a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and photodetector that measures light obscuration in order to estimate nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM, “tar”) delivery. All data are recorded on a puff-by-puff basis and displayed in real time. These NFDPM estimates are known as optical “tar” (OT), and are derived from the calibration of the OT measurement versus gravimetric NFDPM yields of cigarettes under a range of smoking regimes. In a test study, puff volumes from 20-80 mL were recorded to ± 6.0% of a pre-set volume, with an absolute error of 4.7 mL for an 80 mL volume drawn on a lit cigarette, and an average error of less than 2.0 mL across the range 20-80 mL. The relationship between NFDPM and OT was linear (R2 = 0.99) and accurate to ± 1.3 mg per cigarette over the range 1-23 mg per cigarette. The device provides an alternative to the widely used part filter methodology for estimating mouth level exposure with an added benefit that no further laboratory smoking replication or analysis is required. When used in conjunction with the part filter methodology, the puffing behaviour recorded can explain anomalies in the data while providing a second independent estimate.

scholarly journals Idiosyncratic Feature-Based Gaze Mapping

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Blignaut
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Time Correction

It is argued that polynomial expressions that are normally used for remote, video-based, low cost eye tracking systems, are not always ideal to accommodate individual differences in eye cleft, position of the eye in the socket, corneal bulge, astigmatism, etc. A procedure to identify a set of polynomial expressions that will provide the best possible accuracy for a specific individual is proposed.  It is also proposed that regression coefficients are recalculated in real-time, based on a subset of calibration points in the region of the current gaze and that a real-time correction is applied, based on the offsets from calibration targets that are close to the estimated point of regard.It was found that if no correction is applied, the choice of polynomial is critically important to get an accuracy that is just acceptable.  Previously identified polynomial sets were confirmed to provide good results in the absence of any correction procedure.  By applying real-time correction, the accuracy of any given polynomial improves while the choice of polynomial becomes less critical.  Identification of the best polynomial set per participant and correction technique in combination with the aforementioned correction techniques, lead to an average error of 0.32° (sd = 0.10°) over 134 participant recordings.The proposed improvements could lead to low-cost systems that are accurate and fast enough to do reading research or other studies where high accuracy is expected at framerates in excess of 200 Hz.

3D-Printed Stretchable Strain Sensor With Application to Wind Sensing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Rubaiai ◽  
Ryohei Tsuruta ◽  
Umesh Gandhi ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Tan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
3D Printed

Stretchable strain sensors with large strain range, high sensitivity, and excellent reliability are of great interest for applications in soft robotics, wearable devices, and structure-monitoring systems. Unlike conventional template lithography-based approaches, 3D-printing can be used to fabricate complex devices in a simple and cost-effective manner. In this paper, we report 3D-printed stretchable strain sensors that embeds a flexible conductive composite material in a hyper-plastic substrate. Three commercially available conductive filaments are explored, among which the conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (ETPU) shows the highest sensitivity (gauge factor of 5), with a working strain range of 0%–20%. The ETPU strain sensor exhibits an interesting behavior where the conductivity increases with the strain. In addition, an experiment for measuring the wind speed is conducted inside a wind tunnel, where the ETPU sensor shows sensitivity to the wind speed beyond 5.6 m/s.

3D printable composite dough for stretchable, ultrasensitive and body-patchable strain sensors

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 11035-11046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Kim ◽  
Seulgi Ji ◽  
Sungmook Jung ◽  
Beyong-Hwan Ryu ◽  
Hyun-Suk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Sensitive Strain ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Hybrid Carbon

We demonstrate 3D-printed, highly-sensitive strain sensor devices by formulating the 3D-printable dough including hybrid carbon composites.

scholarly journals Rapid Prototyping Human Interfaces Using Stretchable Strain Sensor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokiya Yamaji ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakamoto ◽  
Hideo Ootaka ◽  
Ichiro Hirata ◽  
Futoshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Individual User ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
The Individual

In the modern society with a variety of information electronic devices, human interfaces increase their importance in a boundary of a human and a device. In general, the human is required to get used to the device. Even if the device is designed as a universal device or a high-usability device, the device is not suitable for all users. The usability of the device depends on the individual user. Therefore, personalized and customized human interfaces are effective for the user. To create customized interfaces, we propose rapid prototyping human interfaces using stretchable strain sensors. The human interfaces comprise parts formed by a three-dimensional printer and the four strain sensors. The three-dimensional printer easily makes customized human interfaces. The outputs of the interface are calculated based on the sensor’s lengths. Experiments evaluate three human interfaces: a sheet-shaped interface, a sliding lever interface, and a tilting lever interface. We confirm that the three human interfaces obtain input operations with a high accuracy.

scholarly journals Real-time detection of aerobics posture based on strain sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
The Real ◽  
Internet Industry ◽  
Real Time Detection

AbstractThe Internet of Things is a network that realizes the intelligent connection between things. It is another major industry after the computer industry and the Internet industry. It is also a collection of computer technology, communication technology, sensor technology, storage technology, and many other leading technologies in an integrated industry, the application industry is very wide. This article mainly introduces the real-time detection of aerobics posture based on strain sensors. This paper proposes a real-time detection method of motion posture based on strain sensors, using flexible rods to simulate the joints of aerobics athletes. Through the survey of the motion posture by the strain sensor, the relevant data and parameters are collected, and then the data are processed, and the data are finally transmitted to the terminal. Since the stress of a specific point on the surface of the flexible rod is proportional to the curve of that point, strain gauges can be used to detect curve changes at multiple points in real time and draw the change curve on the computer. The experimental structure of this paper shows that the use of BP neural network to process the measurement data improves the accuracy of real-time detection. The error distance between the sampling point and the actual value is less than 0.3 cm. In addition, through the real-time detection of the motion posture, it can be concluded that good Body posture is the basic requirement of aerobics, and it is of great significance to improve the effect of improving the quality of movement and artistic expression.

Real-Time Calculation of Noise Radiated by Ship Structure via Machinery Exciting Force Estimation

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ding Ding Lu ◽  
Lin He
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Exciting Force ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Ship Structure ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Calculation Results

A method which combines the estimation of machinery exciting force and mechano-acoustical transfer function is proposed in this paper to predict real-time radiated noise by ship structure. The measurement methods of mechano-acoustical and mechano-vibrational transfer functions which are used in radiated noise calculation are described. The feasibility and accuracy are verified by an underwater model experiment. Measurement and calculation results are consistent. The average error of the exciting force estimation is about 2dB, and the average error of radiated noise pressure calculation is about 3dB. The accuracy of the radiated noise calculation is directly affected by exciting forces estimation errors, which can be corrected by a correction factor to increase the accuracy of radiated noise calculation effectively.

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