scholarly journals Effects of Clear-Sky Assimilation of GPM Microwave Imager on the Analysis and Forecast of Typhoon “Chan-Hom”

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2674
Author(s):  
Dongmei Xu ◽  
Aiqing Shu ◽  
Feifei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Track Forecast ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Warm Core ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Typhoon Season ◽  
The One ◽  
Radiance Data

The module of assimilating a new GMI (GPM Microwave Imager) satellite detector was built in the framework of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and its three-dimensional variational (3DVar) data assimilation system (WRFDA). Typhoon “Chan-Hom” in the 2015 Pacific typhoon season was selected to verify the effectivity of the GMI clear-sky assimilation. The results show that, after assimilating the GMI radiance data, the background information in the model is modified positively when compared with the experiment without any assimilation and the one with assimilation of the conventional data. The obvious warm core structure of the typhoon, the modified geopotential height field, and the intensified circulation of the typhoon are favorable for the northwest twist of the typhoon, thus contributing to a better track forecast with a maximum error below 160 km in the 48-h deterministic forecast.

scholarly journals Comparison of Assimilating All-Sky and Clear-Sky Satellite Radiance for Typhoon Chan-Hom and Nangka Forecasts

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingnan Wang ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Jiping Guan ◽  
Mingyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Track Forecast ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Warm Core ◽  
Sky Radiance ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Radiance Data

The impacts of assimilating all-sky satellite radiance from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) on typhoon Chan-hom and Nangka are evaluated over traditional clear-sky radiance assimilation. Results show that more AMSR2 radiance data around typhoon core area are assimilated in all-sky experiment than clear-sky, which improves the utilization of satellite radiance data. Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) brightness temperature simulation under all-sky conditions is in better agreement with observations than in the case of clear-sky conditions. In a cycle assimilation experiment, all-sky assimilation reduces typhoon track forecast errors by 14.84%, and intensity errors by approximately 16.89%. Wind, temperature and humidity analysis are clearly improved in all-sky assimilation, as evaluated using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. All-sky assimilation better captures the structures of typhoons, with a stronger warm core and tighter circulation around the typhoon eye. This study explores the contributions to the improvements in all-sky assimilation. These improvements are attributed to the enhancements in initial geopotential height, temperature and moisture in the typhoon core areas. Moreover, assimilating cloud- and precipitation-affected radiance data improves hydrometer simulations, which leads to higher hydrometeor concentrations than clear-sky radiance and conventional data assimilation. The results demonstrate that assimilation of all-sky AMSR2 data improves the analysis and forecast of multiple typhoons.

scholarly journals Assimilation of Himawari-8 imager radiance data with the WRF-3DVAR system for the prediction of Typhoon Soudelor

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1569-1582
Author(s):  
Feifei Shen ◽  
Aiqing Shu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Dongmei Xu ◽  
Jinzhong Min
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite ◽  
Typhoon Season ◽  
Radiance Data

Abstract. Himawari-8 is a next-generation geostationary meteorological satellite launched by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It carries the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) on board, which can continuously monitor high-impact weather events with high frequency in space and time. The assimilation of AHI radiance data was implemented with the three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR) of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for the analysis and prediction of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) in the Pacific typhoon season. The effective assimilation of AHI radiance data in improving the forecast of the tropical cyclone during its rapid intensification has been realized. The results show that, after assimilating the AHI radiance data under clear-sky conditions, the typhoon position in the background field of the model was effectively corrected compared with the control experiment without AHI radiance data assimilation. It is found that the assimilation of AHI radiance data is able to improve the analyses of the water vapor and wind in a typhoon's inner-core region. The analyses and forecasts of the minimum sea level pressure, the maximum surface wind, and the track of the typhoon are further improved.

scholarly journals Impact Study of FY-3B MWRI Data Assimilation in WRFDA

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Chun Yang ◽  
Lijian Zhu ◽  
Jinzhong Min
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Warm Core ◽  
Radiance Data ◽  
The Impact

In the first attempt to configure the Fengyun-3B satellite’s Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) radiance data in the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model’s Data Assimilation system (WRFDA), the impact of MWRI data assimilation on the analysis and forecast of Typhoon Son-Tinh in 2012 was evaluated with WRFDA’s three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data-assimilation scheme. Compared to a benchmark experiment with no MWRI data, assimilating MWRI radiances improved the analyses of typhoon central sea level pressure (CSLP), warm core structure, and wind speed. Moreover, verified with European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis data, significant improvements in model variable forecast, such as geopotential height and specific humidity, were produced. Substantial error reductions in track, CSLP, and maximum-wind-speed forecasts with MWRI assimilation was also obtained from analysis time to 48 h forecast.

Diffraction contrast of dislocations in icosahedral quasicrystals

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
K. Urban ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
M. Wollgarten ◽  
D. Gratias
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Extinction Condition ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Lattice Geometry ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystals ◽  
The One

Recently dislocations have been observed by electron microscopy in the icosahedral quasicrystalline (IQ) phase of Al65Cu20Fe15. These dislocations exhibit diffraction contrast similar to that known for dislocations in conventional crystals. The contrast becomes extinct for certain diffraction vectors g. In the following the basis of electron diffraction contrast of dislocations in the IQ phase is described. Taking account of the six-dimensional nature of the Burgers vector a “strong” and a “weak” extinction condition are found.Dislocations in quasicrystals canot be described on the basis of simple shear or insertion of a lattice plane only. In order to achieve a complete characterization of these dislocations it is advantageous to make use of the one to one correspondence of the lattice geometry in our three-dimensional space (R3) and that in the six-dimensional reference space (R6) where full periodicity is recovered . Therefore the contrast extinction condition has to be written as gpbp + gobo = 0 (1). The diffraction vector g and the Burgers vector b decompose into two vectors gp, bp and go, bo in, respectively, the physical and the orthogonal three-dimensional sub-spaces of R6.

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Chu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

scholarly journals Acoustic Cell Patterning in Hydrogel for Three-Dimensional Cell Network Formation

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Kyo-in Koo ◽  
Andreas Lenshof ◽  
Le Thi Huong ◽  
Thomas Laurell
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In the field of engineered organ and drug development, three-dimensional network-structured tissue has been a long-sought goal. This paper presents a direct hydrogel extrusion process exposed to an ultrasound standing wave that aligns fibroblast cells to form a network structure. The frequency-shifted (2 MHz to 4 MHz) ultrasound actuation of a 400-micrometer square-shaped glass capillary that was continuously perfused by fibroblast cells suspended in sodium alginate generated a hydrogel string, with the fibroblasts aligned in single or quadruple streams. In the transition from the one-cell stream to the four-cell streams, the aligned fibroblast cells were continuously interconnected in the form of a branch and a junction. The ultrasound-exposed fibroblast cells displayed over 95% viability up to day 10 in culture medium without any significant difference from the unexposed fibroblast cells. This acoustofluidic method will be further applied to create a vascularized network by replacing fibroblast cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Heritage Artefacts in the COVID-19 Era: The Aura and Authenticity of 3D Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-539
Author(s):  
Thiago Minete Cardozo ◽  
Costas Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Engagement

Abstract Museums have been increasingly investing in their digital presence. This became more pressing during the COVID-19 pandemic since heritage institutions had, on the one hand, to temporarily close their doors to visitors while, on the other, find ways to communicate their collections to the public. Virtual tours, revamped websites, and 3D models of cultural artefacts were only a few of the means that museums devised to create alternative ways of digital engagement and counteract the physical and social distancing measures. Although 3D models and collections provide novel ways to interact, visualise, and comprehend the materiality and sensoriality of physical objects, their mediation in digital forms misses essential elements that contribute to (virtual) visitor/user experience. This article explores three-dimensional digitisations of museum artefacts, particularly problematising their aura and authenticity in comparison to their physical counterparts. Building on several studies that have problematised these two concepts, this article establishes an exploratory framework aimed at evaluating the experience of aura and authenticity in 3D digitisations. This exploration allowed us to conclude that even though some aspects of aura and authenticity are intrinsically related to the physicality and materiality of the original, 3D models can still manifest aura and authenticity, as long as a series of parameters, including multimodal contextualisation, interactivity, and affective experiences are facilitated.

scholarly journals Analysis of the robustness of a steel frame structure with composite floors subject to multiple fire scenarios

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322199249
Author(s):  
Riza Suwondo ◽  
Lee Cunningham ◽  
Martin Gillie ◽  
Colin Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Steel Frame Structure

This study presents robustness analyses of a three-dimensional multi-storey composite steel structure under the action of multiple fire scenarios. The main objective of the work is to improve current understanding of the collapse resistance of this type of building under different fire situations. A finite element approach was adopted with the model being firstly validated against previous studies available in the literature. The modelling approach was then used to investigate the collapse resistance of the structure for the various fire scenarios examined. Different sizes of fire compartment are considered in this study, starting from one bay, three bays and lastly the whole ground floor as the fire compartment. The investigation allows a fundamental understanding of load redistribution paths and member interactions when local failure occurs. It is concluded that the robustness of the focussed building in a fire is considerably affected by the size of fire compartments as well as fire location. The subject building can resist progressive collapse when the fire occurs only in the one-bay compartment. On the other hand, total collapse occurs when fire is located in the edge three-bay case. This shows that more than one fire scenario needs to be taken into consideration to ensure that a structure of this type can survive from collapse in the worst-case situation.

Combined Radar and Radiometer Analysis of Precipitation Profiles for a Parametric Retrieval Algorithm

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohiko Masunaga ◽  
Christian D. Kummerow
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Trmm Microwave Imager ◽  
Global Precipitation

Abstract A methodology to analyze precipitation profiles using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) is proposed. Rainfall profiles are retrieved from PR measurements, defined as the best-fit solution selected from precalculated profiles by cloud-resolving models (CRMs), under explicitly defined assumptions of drop size distribution (DSD) and ice hydrometeor models. The PR path-integrated attenuation (PIA), where available, is further used to adjust DSD in a manner that is similar to the PR operational algorithm. Combined with the TMI-retrieved nonraining geophysical parameters, the three-dimensional structure of the geophysical parameters is obtained across the satellite-observed domains. Microwave brightness temperatures are then computed for a comparison with TMI observations to examine if the radar-retrieved rainfall is consistent in the radiometric measurement space. The inconsistency in microwave brightness temperatures is reduced by iterating the retrieval procedure with updated assumptions of the DSD and ice-density models. The proposed methodology is expected to refine the a priori rain profile database and error models for use by parametric passive microwave algorithms, aimed at the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, as well as a future TRMM algorithms.

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