scholarly journals Advanced Computation Capacity Modeling for Delay-Constrained Placement of IoT Services

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Balázs Németh ◽  
Balázs Sonkoly
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Delay Constraint ◽  
Service Placement ◽  
Placement Algorithms ◽  
Capacity Modeling ◽  
The Cost

A vast range of sensors gather data about our environment, industries and homes. The great profit hidden in this data can only be exploited if it is integrated with relevant services for analysis and usage. A core concept of the Internet of Things targets this business opportunity through various applications. The virtualized and software-controlled 5G networks are expected to achieve the scale and dynamicity of communication networks required by Internet of Things (IoT). As the computation and communication infrastructure rapidly evolves, the corresponding substrate models of service placement algorithms lag behind, failing to appropriately describe resource abstraction and dynamic features. Our paper provides an extension to existing IoT service placement algorithms to enable them to keep up with the latest infrastructure evolution, while maintaining their existing attributes, such as end-to-end delay constraints and the cost minimization objective. We complement our recent work on 5G service placement algorithms by theoretical foundation for resource abstraction, elasticity and delay constraint. We propose efficient solutions for the problems of aggregating computation resource capacities and behavior prediction of dynamic Kubernetes infrastructure in a delay-constrained service embedding framework. Our results are supported by mathematical theorems whose proofs are presented in detail.

scholarly journals Genetic algorithm for network cost minimization using threshold based discounting

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Podnar ◽  
Jadranka Skorin-Kapov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Branch And Bound ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Cpu Time ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
Cost Minimization Problem ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Sources

We present a genetic algorithm for heuristically solving a cost minimization problem applied to communication networks with threshold based discounting. The network model assumes that every two nodes can communicate and offers incentives to combine flow from different sources. Namely, there is a prescribed threshold on every link, and if the total flow on a link is greater than the threshold, the cost of this flow is discounted by a factor α. A heuristic algorithm based on genetic strategy is developed and applied to a benchmark set of problems. The results are compared with former branch and bound results using the CPLEX® solver. For larger data instances we were able to obtain improved solutions using less CPU time, confirming the effectiveness of our heuristic approach.

Demystifying Multi-Tier Cost Model for Scheduling in Fog Communication Networks

2022 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Jagadesh T. ◽  
Jaishankar B.
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
User Equipment ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Cost

In this chapter, the authors explore a cost model and the come about cost-minimization client booking issue in multi-level mist figuring organizations. For an average multi-level haze figuring network comprising of one haze control hub (FCN), different fog access nodes (FANs), and user equipment (UE), how to model the cost paid to FANs for propelling assets sharing and how to adequately plan UEs to limit the cost for FCN are still issues to be settled. To unravel these issues, multi-level cost model, including the administration delay and a straight backwards request dynamic installment conspire, is proposed, and a cost-minimization client planning issue is defined. Further, the client planning issue is reformulated as an expected game and demonstrated to have a Nash equilibrium (NE) arrangement.

Cost-minimization analysis of drugs used in the treatment of Asthma and COPD diseases in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billu Payal ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Harsh Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Cost Minimization Analysis ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
The Cost

Background: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) are well known respiratory diseases affecting millions of peoples in India. In the market, various branded generics, as well as generic drugs, are available for their treatment and how much cost will be saved by utilizing generic medicine is still unclear among physicians. Thus, the main aim of the current investigation was to perform cost-minimization analysis of generic versus branded generic (high and low expensive) drugs and branded generic (high expensive) versus branded generic (least expensive) used in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Era Medical University, Lucknow for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Methodology: The current index of medical stores (CIMS) was referred for the cost of branded drugs whereas the cost of generic drugs was taken from Jan Aushadi scheme of India 2016. The percentage of cost variation particularly to Asthma and COPD regimens on substituting available generic drugs was calculated using standard formula and costs were presented in Indian Rupees (as of 2019). Results: The maximum cost variation was found between the respules budesonide high expensive branded generic versus least expensive branded generic drugs and generic versus high expensive branded generic. In combination, the maximum cost variation was observed in the montelukast and levocetirizine combination. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study inferred that substituting generic antiasthmatics and COPD drugs can bring potential cost savings in patients.

scholarly journals Design and Adoption of Low-Cost Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices: Syrian Case

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
M. Munzer Alseed ◽  
Hamzah Syed ◽  
Mehmet Cengiz Onbasli ◽  
Ali K. Yetisen ◽  
Savas Tasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Technology Experience ◽  
The Cost

Civil wars produce immense humanitarian crises, causing millions of individuals to seek refuge in other countries. The rate of disease prevalence has inclined among the refugees, increasing the cost of healthcare. Complex medical conditions and high numbers of patients at healthcare centers overwhelm the healthcare system and delay diagnosis and treatment. Point-of-care (PoC) testing can provide efficient solutions to high equipment cost, late diagnosis, and low accessibility of healthcare services. However, the development of PoC devices in developing countries is challenged by several barriers. Such PoC devices may not be adopted due to prejudices about new technologies and the need for special training to use some of these devices. Here, we investigated the concerns of end users regarding PoC devices by surveying healthcare workers and doctors. The tendency to adopt PoC device changes is based on demographic factors such as work sector, education, and technology experience. The most apparent concern about PoC devices was issues regarding low accuracy, according to the surveyed clinicians.

scholarly journals Wideband Rectangular Foldable and Non-foldable Antenna for Internet of Things Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve W. Y. Mung ◽  
Cheuk Yin Cheung ◽  
Ka Ming Wu ◽  
Joseph S. M. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a simple wideband rectangular antenna in foldable and non-foldable (printed circuit board (PCB)) structures for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Both are simple structures with two similar rectangular metal planes which cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS, WCDMA/LTE, and 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. This wideband antenna is suitable to integrate into the short- and long-range wireless applications such as the short-range 2.4 GHz ISM band and standard cellular bands. This lowers the overall size of the product as well as the cost in the applications. In this article, the configuration and operation principle are presented as well as its trade-offs on the design parameters. Simulated and experimental results of foldable and non-foldable (PCB) structures show that the antenna is suited for IoT applications.

Compensation based on active power filters – The cost minimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Maciążek ◽  
Dariusz Grabowski ◽  
Marian Pasko ◽  
Michał Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Active Power Filters ◽  
Power Filters ◽  
The Cost

IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATIONS FOR NARROWBAND IoT WIRELESS NETWORKS USING CONVERGENT SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Девяткин ◽  
Д.Н. Федоров ◽  
Я.М. Гасс ◽  
М.В. Иванкович
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation

Рассмотрены и классифицированы существующие узкополосные беспроводные сети связи (УБСС), реализованные с использованием конвергентных решений. Показано, что появление нового объекта регулирования УБСС интернета вещей усиливает необходимость перехода от локальных корректировок законодательства в сфере связи к созданию инфо- коммуникационного кодекса Российской Федерации. Existing narrowband wireless communication networks using convergent solutions are reviewed and classified. It is shown that the emergence of narrowband wireless networks of Internet of things increases the need for transition from local adjustments of legislation in the field of communications to the creation of the Infocommunication Code of the Russian Federation.

Prototype Smart Home Berbasis Internet of Things untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Penggunan Listrik

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Safira Salsabila ◽  
Dian Kasoni
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Shift Register ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Logic Unit

Abstract— Microcontroller is a hardware in which there is a processor, input and output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register and Aritmatic Logic Unit. Microcontroller is able to activate some electronic devices such as led, buzzer, motor, lighting and so on. Currently, at the home of the writer has many light switches in each room and often causes the user to become disoriented when turning on the light and the condition of the gate in the yard was that close to the roads often led to congestion when it would either open or close the house gates. The activation method of lights and other electronic devices still use manual method, so it is inefficient and causing excessive cost of electricity. For that built a system to activate every device in every room at the house based internet of things which will be activated by a website display on the internet so that the lights in each room and other device will activate.. With the creation of this system is expected to reduce the cost of electricity on writer’s house and as a first step to realize the smart home in the utilization of technological progress, especially in the field of microcontroller.   Intisari— Mikrokontroller merupakan sebuah perangkat keras yang didalamnya terdapat sebuah processor, input dan output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register dan Aritmatic Logic Unit. Mikrokontroller ini mampu mengaktifkan beberapa perangkat elektronika seperti led, buzzer, motor, lampu penerangan dan sebagainya. Saat ini, di rumah pribadi penulis memiliki banyak saklar lampu di setiap ruangan dan sering mengakibatkan setiap pengguna kebingungan saatmenghidupkan lampu dan gerbang di halaman rumah memiliki jarak yang dekat dengan jalanan seringkali menimbulkankemacetan saat akan membuka ataupun menutup gerbang rumah. Metode pengaktifan perangkat lampu dan alatelektronik yang lain masih menggunakan cara manual, sehingga tidak efisien dan menimbulkan pengeluaran biaya listrik yangberlebih. Untuk itu dibangun sebuah sistem untuk mengaktifkan setiap perangkat yang ada di ruangan rumah penulis berbasisInternet of Things yang akan diaktifkan oleh sebuah tampilan website melalui internet sehingga secara otomatis lampu disetiap ruangan dan perangkat lainnya akan aktif. Dengan dibuatnya sistem ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi pengeluaran biaya listrik di rumah pribadi penulis dan sebagai langkah awal mewujudkan smart home dalam pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi, terutama dibidang mikrokontroller.

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