scholarly journals Comparison of Dual Beam Dispersive and FTNIR Spectroscopy for Lactate Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Nystha Baishya ◽  
Mohammad Mamouei ◽  
Karthik Budidha ◽  
Meha Qassem ◽  
Pankaj Vadgama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Analyte Concentration ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dual Beam

Near Infrared (800–2500 nm) spectroscopy has been extensively used in biomedical applications, as it offers rapid, in vivo, bed-side monitoring of important haemodynamic parameters, which is especially important in critical care settings. However, the choice of NIR spectrometer needs to be investigated for biomedical applications, as both the dual beam dispersive spectrophotomer and the FTNIR spectrometer have their own advantages and disadvantages. In this study, predictive analysis of lactate concentrations in whole blood were undertaken using multivariate techniques on spectra obtained from the two spectrometer types simultaneously and results were compared. Results showed significant improvement in predicting analyte concentration when analysis was performed on full range spectral data. This is in comparison to analysis of limited spectral regions or lactate signature peaks, which yielded poorer prediction models. Furthermore, for the same region, FTNIR showed 10% better predictive capability than the dual beam dispersive NIR spectrometer.

scholarly journals Chemistry Routes for Copolymer Synthesis Containing PEG for Targeting, Imaging, and Drug Delivery Purposes

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Rahme ◽  
Nazih Dagher
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Sterical Hindrance

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most frequently used polymers for coating nanocarriers to enhance their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, stability, and biodegradability. PEG is now considered to be among the best biocompatible polymers. It offers sterical hindrance against other nanoparticles and blood components such as opsonin, preventing their macrophage phagocytosis and resulting in a prolonged circulation time in blood stream, consequently a ‘stealth character’ in vivo. Therefore, PEG has a very promising future for the development of current therapeutics and biomedical applications. Moreover, the vast number of molecules that PEG can conjugate with might enhance its ability to have an optimistic perspective for the future. This review will present an update on the chemistry used in the modern conjugation methods for a variety of PEG conjugates, such methods include, but are not limited to, the synthesis of targeting PEG conjugates (i.e., Peptides, Folate, Biotin, Mannose etc.), imaging PEG conjugates (i.e., Coumarin, Near Infrared dyes etc.) and delivery PEG conjugates (i.e., doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and other hydrophobic low molecular weight drugs). Furthermore, the type of nanoparticles carrying those conjugates, along with their biomedical uses, will be briefly discussed.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3569-3578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu Thakur ◽  
Ambika P. Mishra ◽  
Bishnupriya Panda ◽  
Diana C.S. Rodríguez ◽  
Isha Gaurav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Research Material

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the way to model human intelligence to accomplish certain tasks without much intervention of human beings. The term AI was first used in 1956 with The Logic Theorist program, which was designed to simulate problem-solving ability of human beings. There have been a significant amount of research works using AI in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of its applicabication and, future perspectives that impact different areas of society. Even the remarkable impact of AI can be transferred to the field of healthcare with its use in pharmaceutical and biomedical studies crucial for the socioeconomic development of the population in general within different studies, we can highlight those that have been conducted with the objective of treating diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, among others. In parallel, the long process of drug development also requires the application of AI to accelerate research in medical care. Methods: This review is based on research material obtained from PubMed up to Jan 2020. The search terms include “artificial intelligence”, “machine learning” in the context of research on pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Results: This study aimed to highlight the importance of AI in the biomedical research and also recent studies that support the use of AI to generate tools using patient data to improve outcomes. Other studies have demonstrated the use of AI to create prediction models to determine response to cancer treatment. Conclusion: The application of AI in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical studies has been extensive, including cancer research, for diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease state. It has become a tool for researchers in the management of complex data, ranging from obtaining complementary results to conventional statistical analyses. AI increases the precision in the estimation of treatment effect in cancer patients and determines prediction outcomes.

scholarly journals Hyaluronate modified upconversion nanoparticles for near infrared light-triggered on–off tattoo systems

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 14805-14808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seulgi Han ◽  
Songeun Beack ◽  
Sanghwa Jeong ◽  
Byung Woo Hwang ◽  
Myeong Hwan Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Nir Light

We successfully developed an NIR light-triggered in vivo on–off tattoo system using hyaluronate modified upconversion nanoparticles for various biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Counterion-insulated near-infrared dyes in biodegradable polymer nanoparticles for in vivo imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sobska ◽  
Bohdan Andreiuk ◽  
Ilya O. Aparin ◽  
Andreas Reisch ◽  
Wojciech Krezel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Potential Biodegradability

Abstract Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are highly attractive for biomedical applications due to their potential biodegradability and capacity to encapsulate different loads, notably drugs and contrast agents. For in vivo optical...

scholarly journals A microrobotic system guided by photoacoustic computed tomography for targeted navigation in intestines in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (32) ◽  
pp. eaax0613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguang Wu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yiran Yang ◽  
Peng Hu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Deep Imaging ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Deep Tissue Imaging

Recently, tremendous progress in synthetic micro/nanomotors in diverse environment has been made for potential biomedical applications. However, existing micro/nanomotor platforms are inefficient for deep tissue imaging and motion control in vivo. Here, we present a photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT)–guided investigation of micromotors in intestines in vivo. The micromotors enveloped in microcapsules are stable in the stomach and exhibit efficient propulsion in various biofluids once released. The migration of micromotor capsules toward the targeted regions in intestines has been visualized by PACT in real time in vivo. Near-infrared light irradiation induces disintegration of the capsules to release the cargo-loaded micromotors. The intensive propulsion of the micromotors effectively prolongs the retention in intestines. The integration of the newly developed microrobotic system and PACT enables deep imaging and precise control of the micromotors in vivo and promises practical biomedical applications, such as drug delivery.

scholarly journals A high-throughput quantification of resin and rubber contents in Parthenium argentatum using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinan Luo ◽  
Kelly R. Thorp ◽  
Hussein Abdel-Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray), a plant native to semi-arid regions of northern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States, is an alternative source for natural rubber (NR). Rapid screening tools are needed to replace the current labor-intensive and cost-inefficient method for quantifying rubber and resin contents. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising technique that simplifies and speeds up the quantification procedure without losing precision. In this study, two spectral instruments were used to rapidly quantify resin and rubber contents in 315 ground samples harvested from a guayule germplasm collection grown under different irrigation conditions at Maricopa, AZ. The effects of eight different pretreatment approaches on improving prediction models using partial least squares regression (PLSR) were investigated and compared. Important characteristic wavelengths that contribute to prominent absorbance peaks were identified. Results Using two different NIR devices, ASD FieldSpec®3 performed better than Polychromix Phazir™ in improving R2 and residual predicative deviation (RPD) values of PLSR models. Compared to the models based on full-range spectra (750–2500 nm), using a subset of wavelengths (1100–2400 nm) with high sensitivity to guayule rubber and resin contents could lead to better prediction accuracy. The prediction power of the models for quantifying resin content was better than rubber content. Conclusions In summary, the calibrated PLSR models for resin and rubber contents were successfully developed for a diverse guayule germplasm collection and were applied to roughly screen samples in a low-cost and efficient way. This improved efficiency could enable breeders to rapidly screen large guayule populations to identify cultivars that are high in rubber and resin contents.

Probing Near-Infrared Quantum Dots for Imaging and Biomedical Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Hao Wang ◽  
Xue Feng Wang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Jian Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Photo Stability

As light-emitting nanocrystals, quantum dots (QDs) have created a new realm of bioscience by combining nanomaterials with biology. They also have been a major focus of research and development during the past decade, which will profoundly influence future biological as well as biomedical research. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) quantum dots have emerged in analytical applications, especially for in vitro and in vivo imaging. The impetus behind such endeavors can be attributed to their unique optical and chemical properties, with size-tunable light emission, high photo stability, and manifold fluorescence colors. In this review, we focus on fluorescent imaging with near-infrared (NIR) quantum dots (QDs) both in vitro and in vivo, and the advantages of QDs and potential problems to their use in practical biomedical applications. The ultimate targets aim at decreasing the cytotoxicity of QDs and the future outlook of QD applications in biomedical fields.

scholarly journals Focusing light inside live tissue using reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome as a genetically encoded photochromic guide star

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. eaay1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamiao Yang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Anton A. Shemetov ◽  
Sangjun Lee ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Light Delivery ◽  
Mouse Tumors ◽  
Wavefront Shaping ◽  
Guide Star ◽  
Absorption Contrast ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Focusing light deep by engineering wavefronts toward guide stars inside scattering media has potential biomedical applications in imaging, manipulation, stimulation, and therapy. However, the lack of endogenous guide stars in biological tissue hinders its translations to in vivo applications. Here, we use a reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome protein as a genetically encoded photochromic guide star (GePGS) in living tissue to tag photons at targeted locations, achieving light focusing inside the tissue by wavefront shaping. As bacterial phytochrome-based GePGS absorbs light differently upon far-red and near-infrared illumination, a large dynamic absorption contrast can be created to tag photons inside tissue. By modulating the GePGS at a distinctive frequency, we suppressed the competition between GePGS and tissue motions and formed tight foci inside mouse tumors in vivo and acute mouse brain tissue, thus improving light delivery efficiency and specificity. Spectral multiplexing of GePGS proteins with different colors is an attractive possibility.

scholarly journals In Vivo Recognition of Vascular Structures by Near-Infrared Transillumination

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Valentina Bello ◽  
Elisabetta Bodo ◽  
Sara Pizzurro ◽  
Sabina Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Dorsal Vein ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Vascular Structures

Transillumination is a very well-known non-invasive optical technique that relies on the use of non-ionizing radiation to obtain information about the internal morphology of biological tissues. In a previous work, we implemented a laser-based illuminator operating at a wavelength of 850 nm, combined with a CMOS digital camera and narrow-band optical detection that showed great potential for in vivo imaging. A great advantage is the use of low-cost semiconductor lasers, driven by a very low current (about 11 mA, spatially distributed as a 6-by-6 matrix covering a 25 cm2 area). Thanks to the strong absorption of hemoglobin at this wavelength, we have collected raw data of vascular structures that have been further processed to achieve images with much better quality. In particular, here we show that a higher contrast can be attained by the expansion of gray level histograms to exploit the full range, 0–255. This elaboration can be, for instance, exploited for the recognition of vascular structures with better resolution. Examples are reported relative to hand dorsal vein patterns and live chick embryos’ blood vessels. Analyses can be successfully performed without applying any thermal or mechanical stress to the human tissue under test and without damaging or puncturing any parts of the eggshell.

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

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