scholarly journals A Service-Oriented Real-Time Communication Scheme for AUTOSAR Adaptive Using OPC UA and Time-Sensitive Networking

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2337
Author(s):  
Anna Arestova ◽  
Maximilian Martin ◽  
Kai-Steffen Jens Hielscher ◽  
Reinhard German
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Vehicle Engineering ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Cost Efficient

The transportation industry is facing major challenges that come along with innovative trends like autonomous driving. Due to the growing amount of network participants, smart sensors, and mixed-critical data, scalability and interoperability have become key factors of cost-efficient vehicle engineering. One solution to overcome these challenges is the AUTOSAR Adaptive software platform. Its service-oriented communication methodology allows a standardized data exchange that is not bound to a specific middleware protocol. OPC UA is a communication standard that is well-established in modern industrial automation. In addition to its Client–Server communication pattern, the newly released Publish–Subscribe (PubSub) architecture promotes scalability. PubSub is designed to work in conjunction with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), a collection of standards that add real-time aspects to standard Ethernet networks. TSN allows services with different requirements to share a single physical network. In this paper, we specify an integration approach of AUTOSAR Adaptive, OPC UA, and TSN. It combines the benefits of these three technologies to provide deterministic high-speed communication. Our main contribution is the architecture for the binding between Adaptive Platform and OPC UA. With a prototypical implementation, we prove that a combination of OPC UA Client–Server and PubSub qualifies as a middleware solution for service-oriented communication in AUTOSAR.

A Comparison of Data Exchange Mechanisms for Real-Time Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Mohit Chawla ◽  
Siba Mishra ◽  
Kriti Singh ◽  
Chiranjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Exchange Mechanism ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Client Server ◽  
The Absolute

While web applications continue to employ traditional client-server model, most of the current applications demand real time bi-directional communication. In such setups, data exchanges between both the parties (client and server) are very frequent. Thus, performance of the network is subject to various factors decided by the choice of data exchange mechanism. This shows that the choice of data exchange mechanism is vital to performance of a web-application employing it. This paper compares various data exchange mechanisms with respect to factors affecting real time web applications. While the absolute values of benchmarking may vary with the systems, the relative difference between them can be used as a reference for selecting a mechanism for an application. Hence, this paper can be used as a reference to choose appropriate data exchange mechanism for the concerned application.

OR.NET RT: how service-oriented medical device architecture meets real-time communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas H. Pfeiffer ◽  
Martin Kasparick ◽  
Benjamin Strathen ◽  
Christian Dietz ◽  
Max E. Dingler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Communication Scheme ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Time Critical

Abstract Today’s landscape of medical devices is dominated by stand-alone systems and proprietary interfaces lacking cross-vendor interoperability. This complicates or even impedes the innovation of novel, intelligent assistance systems relying on the collaboration of medical devices. Emerging approaches use the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm based on Internet protocol (IP) to enable communication between medical devices. While this works well for scenarios with no or only soft timing constraints, the underlying best-effort communication scheme is insufficient for time critical data. Real-time (RT) networks are able to reliably guarantee fixed latency boundaries, for example, by using time division multiple access (TDMA) communication patterns. However, deterministic RT networks come with their own limitations such as tedious, inflexible configuration and a more restricted bandwidth allocation. In this contribution we overcome the drawbacks of both approaches by describing and implementing mechanisms that allow the two networks to interact. We introduce the first implementation of a medical device network that offers hard RT guarantees for control and sensor data and integrates into SOA networks. Based on two application examples we show how the flexibility of SOA networks and the reliability of RT networks can be combined to achieve an open network infrastructure for medical devices in the operating room (OR).

A real-time high-speed autonomous driving based on a low-cost RTK-GPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghyeon Park ◽  
Seokhoon Ryu ◽  
Jihea Lim ◽  
Young-Sup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Rtk Gps

scholarly journals Reusable and Reliable Flight-Control Software for a Fail-Safe and Cost-Efficient Cubesat Mission: Design and Implementation

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Ibtissam Latachi ◽  
Tajjeeddine Rachidi ◽  
Mohammed Karim ◽  
Ahmed Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Mission Design ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Criticality Analysis

While there is no rigorous framework to develop nanosatellites flight software, this manuscript aimed to explore and establish processes to design a reliable and reusable flight software architecture for cost-efficient student Cubesat missions such as Masat-1. Masat-1 is a 1Unit CubeSat, developed using a systems engineering approach, off-the-shelf components and open-source software tools. It was our aim to use it as a test-bed platform and as an initial reference for Cubesat flight software development in Morocco. The command and data handling system chosen for Masat-1 is a system-on-module-embedded computer running freeRTOS. A real-time operating system was used in order to simplify the real-time onboard management. To ensure software design reliability, modularity, reusability and extensibility, our solution follows a layered service oriented architectural pattern, and it is based on a finite state machine in the application layer to execute the mission functionalities in a deterministic manner. Moreover, a client-server model was elected to ensure the inter-process communication and resources access while using uniform APIs to enhance cross-platform data exchange. A hierarchical fault tolerance architecture was also implemented after a systematic assessment of the Masat-1 mission risks using reliability block diagrams (RBDs) and functional failure mode, effect and criticality analysis (FMECA).

Design of Virtual Oscilloscope Based on S3C2410

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Shu Lin Shi ◽  
Guo Rui Pi
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
The Cost

: This topic has designed a kind of virtual oscilloscope based on the embedded technical. On the hardware the S3C2410+IDT7204 structure were used, on the software real-time operating system uC/OS-II were used in the design of embedded virtual oscilloscope. ARM9 microprocessor's high speed handling ability are fully used, as well as FIFO in the read-write control logic, the superiority in high speed data exchange aspect, realizes the double channel synchronization profile demonstration. the multi-task run and the real-time processing were realized by using on the uC/OS-II operating system's in ARM9 microprocessor transplant. This oscilloscope has the cost lowly, to be possible to as the common oscilloscope, also to be possible to as an intelligent module the merit which used in the embedded system.

scholarly journals Attitude Output of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System Based on Laser Gyro

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Inertial Navigation ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Strapdown Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Strapdown Inertial Navigation

Aiming at the real-time problems of signal acquisition, attitude calculation and data exchange of strapdown inertial navigation system, the data exchange between the core device of three-axis screw instrument and three-axis accelerometer sensor inertial unit (IMU) is analyzed. The RS-232 serial interface and can bus interface are adopted, which can not meet the requirements of high-speed sampling and real-time data transmission of each sensor. A new method based on FPGA dual port RAM and dual DSP is proposed Speed data access mode, through the main control CPU clock synchronization, can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of data communication between IMU attitude data and core equipment, and realize the rapid response ability of vehicle navigation system. Experiments and simulations show that the highest frequency attitude update rate of the method can reach 2000kHz, which can effectively solve the input and output data and navigation calculation ability, and improve the maneuverability of the carrier.

scholarly journals Real-Time Video Image Processing based on Kerr Soliton Krystal Microcombs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
mengxi tan ◽  
xingyuan xu ◽  
David Moss
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Video Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Image And Video Processing ◽  
Massively Parallel Processing ◽  
Photonic Processing

Advanced image processing will be crucial for emerging technologies such as autonomous driving, where the requirement to quickly recognize and classify objects under rapidly changing, poor visibility environments in real time will be needed. Photonic technologies will be key for next-generation signal and information processing, due to their wide bandwidths of 10’s of Terahertz and versatility. Here, we demonstrate broadband real time analog image and video processing with an ultrahigh bandwidth photonic processor that is highly versatile and reconfigurable. It is capable of massively parallel processing over 10,000 video signals simultaneously in real time, performing key functions needed for object recognition, such as edge enhancement and detection. Our system, based on a soliton crystal Kerr optical micro-comb with a 49GHz spacing with >90 wavelengths in the C-band, is highly versatile, performing different functions without changing the physical hardware. These results highlight the potential for photonic processing based on Kerr microcombs for chip-scale fully programmable high-speed real time video processing for next generation technologies.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Object Detector for Autonomous Vehicles Based on YOLOv4

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Ziyue Wang ◽  
Zhengwei Xu ◽  
Chi Wang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
On The Road

Object detection is an important part of autonomous driving technology. To ensure the safe running of vehicles at high speed, real-time and accurate detection of all the objects on the road is required. How to balance the speed and accuracy of detection is a hot research topic in recent years. This paper puts forward a one-stage object detection algorithm based on YOLOv4, which improves the detection accuracy and supports real-time operation. The backbone of the algorithm doubles the stacking times of the last residual block of CSPDarkNet53. The neck of the algorithm replaces the SPP with the RFB structure, improves the PAN structure of the feature fusion module, adds the attention mechanism CBAM and CA structure to the backbone and neck structure, and finally reduces the overall width of the network to the original 3/4, so as to reduce the model parameters and improve the inference speed. Compared with YOLOv4, the algorithm in this paper improves the average accuracy on KITTI dataset by 2.06% and BDD dataset by 2.95%. When the detection accuracy is almost unchanged, the inference speed of this algorithm is increased by 9.14%, and it can detect in real time at a speed of more than 58.47 FPS.

scholarly journals Real-time video image processing based on optical Kerr microcombs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moss
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Video Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Image And Video Processing ◽  
Massively Parallel Processing ◽  
Photonic Processing

<p>Advanced image processing will be crucial for emerging technologies such as autonomous driving, where the requirement to quickly recognize and classify objects under rapidly changing, poor visibility environments in real time will be needed. Photonic technologies will be key for next-generation signal and information processing, due to their wide bandwidths of 10’s of Terahertz and versatility. Here, we demonstrate broadband real time analog image and video processing with an ultrahigh bandwidth photonic processor that is highly versatile and reconfigurable. It is capable of massively parallel processing over 10,000 video signals simultaneously in real time, performing key functions needed for object recognition, such as edge enhancement and detection. Our system, based on a soliton crystal Kerr optical micro-comb with a 49GHz spacing with >90 wavelengths in the C-band, is highly versatile, performing different functions without changing the physical hardware. These results highlight the potential for photonic processing based on Kerr microcombs for chip-scale fully programmable high-speed real time video processing for next generation technologies.</p>

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