scholarly journals Assessment of Selected Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters on Subjects with Pronated Foot Posture on the Basis of Measurements Using OptoGait. A Case-Control Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2805
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Requelo-Rodríguez ◽  
Aurora Castro-Méndez ◽  
Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián ◽  
María Luisa González-Elena ◽  
Inmaculada C. Palomo-Toucedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Complex Control System ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Walking is part of daily life and in asymptomatic subjects it is relatively easy. The physiology of walking is complex and when this complex control system fails, the risk of falls increases. As a result, gait disorders have a major impact on the older adult population and have increased in frequency as a result of population aging. Therefore, the OptoGait sensor is intended to identify gait imbalances in pronating feet to try to prevent falling and injury by compensating for it with treatments that normalize such alteration. This study is intended to assess whether spatiotemporal alterations occur in the gait cycle in a young pronating population (cases) compared to a control group (non-pronating patients) analyzed with OptoGait. Method: a total of n = 142 participants consisting of n = 70 cases (pronators) and n = 72 healthy controls were studied by means of a 30 s treadmill program with a system of 96 OptoGait LED sensors. Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups and both feet in stride length and stride time, gait cycle duration and gait cadence (in all cases p < 0.05). Conclusions: pronating foot posture alters normal gait patterns measured by OptoGait; this finding presents imbalance in gait as an underlying factor. Prevention of this alteration could be considered in relation to its relationship to the risk of falling in future investigations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of atraumatic hip instability measured by triaxial accelerometry during walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Alejandro Neira ◽  
Tomas Amenabar ◽  
Iver Cristi-Sánchez ◽  
Claudio Rafols ◽  
Juan E Monckeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Instability ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Hip Instability ◽  
Hip Function ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

AbstractHip joint instability has been targeted as an important issue that affects normal hip function. The diagnosis of hip instability could be very challenging and currently, there is no definitive diagnostic test. Hip instability results in an excessive amount of translation of femoroacetabular articulation, leading to changes on the dynamic loading of the hip. These changes in femoroacetabular translation could be evaluated by human movement analysis methods. The purpose of this study was to describe the triaxial and overall magnitude of acceleration in patients diagnosed with hip instability during gait cycle and compare those results with a control group. Our hypothesis was that acceleration values obtained from the instability group would be higher than asymptomatic controls. Ten patients with previously diagnosed hip instability were included and 10 healthy and asymptomatic subjects were enrolled as control group. Triaxial accelerometers attached bilaterally to the skin over the greater trochanter were used to record acceleration during walking on a treadmill. The overall magnitude of acceleration and the axial, anteroposterior and mediolateral accelerations (x/y/z) were obtained during gait. Mean overall magnitude of acceleration was higher in the hip instability group compared with the control group, 1.51 g (SD: 0.23) versus 1.07 g (SD: 0.16) (P = 0.022). The axial, anteroposterior and mediolateral accelerations significantly differed between the two groups. The axial and mediolateral accelerations showed to be higher for the hip instability group while the anteroposterior axis acceleration was lower.

Association of the CD14 C159T and the Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms with various phenotypes of asthma in adults from Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Yuriy Bisyuk ◽  
Andrew Dubovyi ◽  
Ilona DuBuske ◽  
Viktor Litus ◽  
Lawrence M. DuBuske
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gender And Age

Background: This study assessed gene polymorphisms of the CD14 receptor (C-159T) and Toll-like receptor 4 (Asp299Gly) in a patient population in Crimea, Ukraine, stratified by clinical (early versus late onset; frequent versus occasional relapses; fixed versus reversible obstruction) and immunologic (atopic versus nonatopic; eosinophilic; neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation) subtype. Methods: Two polymorphisms, CD14 C-159T and TLR4 Asp299Gly, were assessed in 331 patients with asthma. The control group included 285 volunteers who were nonatopic. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were studied by using polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection. Results: There were increased odds of asthma development in patients with the Asp299Gly TLR4 mutation compared with the general population underdominant odds ratio (OR) 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00‐2.32] and overdominant (OR 1.55 [95% CI, 1.01‐2.38]) models after adjustment for gender and age. In addition, mutations in this gene decreased the odds of nonatopic asthma in underdominant (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.027), overdominant (OR 0.27 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.96]; p = 0.033), and log-additive models (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.026) compared with the atopic subgroup after adjustment for gender, age, number of exacerbations, and type of airway inflammation. Allele frequencies for CD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms did not show statistical differences between the patients with asthma and the control subjects. Conclusion: CD14 C-159T polymorphisms were not associated with asthma in the adult population in Crimea. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms were associated with asthma and with decreased odds of nonatopic asthma compared with atopic asthma in the adult population in Crimea.

scholarly journals Blastocystis sp. Carriage and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is the Association Already Established?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Fernando Salvador ◽  
Beatriz Lobo ◽  
Lidia Goterris ◽  
Carmen Alonso-Cotoner ◽  
Javier Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Background: The aim of the present study is to describe the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. detection among asymptomatic subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to evaluate the potential association between irritable bowel syndrome and the parasitic infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study where adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria were included. A control group was formed by asymptomatic subjects older than 18 years. Exclusion criteria were: immunosuppressive condition or having received any drug with demonstrated activity against Blastocystis sp. within the last 6 months before study inclusion. Epidemiological and clinical information was collected from all included participants. Two stool samples were obtained from all participants: one sample for microscopic examination and one sample for Blastocystis sp. PCR detection. Blastocystis sp. infection was defined by the positivity of any of the diagnostic techniques. Results: Seventy-two participants were included (36 asymptomatic subjects and 36 patients with irritable bowel syndrome). Thirty-five (48.6%) were men, and median age of participants was 34 (IQR 29–49) years. The overall rate of Blastocystis sp. carriage was 27.8% (20/72). The prevalence assessed through microscopic examination was 22.2% (16/72), while the prevalence measured by PCR was 15.3% (11/72). When comparing the presence of Blastocystis sp. between asymptomatic subjects and IBS patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference (36.1% vs. 19.4% respectively, p = 0.114). Conclusions: regarding the occurrence of Blastocystis sp., no differences were found between asymptomatic participants and patients with irritable bowel disease irrespective of the diagnostic technique performed.

Multisensory balance training for unsteady elderly people: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
In-Gyu Yoo ◽  
Ji-Hye Do
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Multisensory Stimulation ◽  
Multisensory Training ◽  
Risk Of Falls

BACKGROUND: Posture control involves complex reactions of dynamic and static movements, and various sensory inputs. There is evidence that exercise using multisensory stimulation is moderately effective in improving the balance of the elderly. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this paper was to examine the existing literature to validate the effectiveness and applicability of multisensory stimulation training. METHODS: All relevant literature published as of June 1, 2020 in four prominent databases was searched (Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of science) using the five-stage review framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. RESULTS: Multisensory stimulation training was more effective when vestibular and somatosensory were combined with visual stimuli, and differences in effectiveness compared to the effectiveness of existing treatments were confirmed. However, most of the reviewed papers are compared to simple strength training, and studies that compare the effects of multisensory stimulation training by setting a control group are still lacking. CONCLUSION: Further research is required to further elucidate the training conditions and treatment environment for multisensory training for the elderly at risk of falls and to provide strategies to improve treatment methods. In addition, a study that can evaluate user satisfaction in a way that best shows the treatment effect using qualitative research methods will be needed.

scholarly journals Custom-Made Foot Orthoses as Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain and Pronated Foot Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6816
Author(s):  
Aurora Castro-Méndez ◽  
Inmaculada Concepción Palomo-Toucedo ◽  
Manuel Pabón-Carrasco ◽  
Javier Ramos-Ortega ◽  
Juan Antonio Díaz-Mancha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Pronation ◽  
Pain Symptoms

Excessive foot pronation has been reported as being related to chronic low back pain symptoms and risk factors in sports-specific pathologies. Compensating custom-made foot orthotics treatment has not been entirely explored as an effective therapy for chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study aims to observe the effects of custom-made foot orthoses, in subjects with foot pronation suffering from CLBP. A total of 101 patients with nonspecific CLBP and a pronated foot posture index (FPI) were studied. They were randomized in two groups: an experimental one (n = 53) used custom-made foot orthotics, and the control group (n = 48) were treated with non-biomechanical effect orthoses. The CLBP was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS), both for lower back pain. The symptoms were evaluated twice, at first when the subject was included in the study, and later, after 4 weeks of treatment. The analysis of outcomes showed a significant decrease in CLBP in the custom-made foot orthoses participants group (p < 0.001 ODI; p < 0.001 VAS). These findings suggest that controlling excessive foot pronation by using custom-made foot orthoses may significantly contribute to improving CLBP.

scholarly journals Lower-Limb Joint Coordination Pattern in Obese Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ranavolo ◽  
Lorenzo M. Donini ◽  
Silvia Mari ◽  
Mariano Serrao ◽  
Alessio Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Time Distance

The coordinative pattern is an important feature of locomotion that has been studied in a number of pathologies. It has been observed that adaptive changes in coordination patterns are due to both external and internal constraints. Obesity is characterized by the presence of excess mass at pelvis and lower-limb areas, causing mechanical constraints that central nervous system could manage modifying the physiological interjoint coupling relationships. Since an altered coordination pattern may induce joint diseases and falls risk, the aim of this study was to analyze whether and how coordination during walking is affected by obesity. We evaluated interjoint coordination during walking in 25 obese subjects as well as in a control group. The time-distance parameters and joint kinematics were also measured. When compared with the control group, obese people displayed a substantial similarity in joint kinematic parameters and some differences in the time-distance and in the coupling parameters. Obese subjects revealed higher values in stride-to-stride intrasubjects variability in interjoint coupling parameters, whereas the coordinative mean pattern was unaltered. The increased variability in the coupling parameters is associated with an increased risk of falls and thus should be taken into account when designing treatments aimed at restoring a normal locomotion pattern.

scholarly journals Mental health history—a contributing factor for poorer outcomes in burn survivors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Li ◽  
Danielle Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health History ◽  
Health Group ◽  
Burn Survivors ◽  
Mental Health History

Abstract Background A pre-morbid mental health history is common in patients with severe burn injuries. This creates challenges in providing rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to cross examine the possible impact of psychological co-morbidities on outcomes. Methods A notes audit was carried out examining patients that were admitted to Concord Hospital Burns Unit in a 3-year period (2010–2012). Patients with total body surface area (TBSA) of 20% or greater and aged between 16 and 50 years were included. Subjects were divided into a mental health group and a control group. SPSS version 21 statistic program was used for analysis the data. Results Data collected included length of stay, time to achieve independence, %TBSA, types of burns and surgery required. Results of 69 files showed that the average length of stay per %TBSA was nearly double in the patients with a mental health problem (1.47 vs 0.88). They also had a higher rate of re-graft (52% vs 22%) due to infection and poor nutrition. The average time for patients to achieve independence in daily living activity was significantly higher (p = 0.046) in the mental health group (36.2 days) versus the control group (24.1 days). Conclusion Patients with a mental health history may have poorer general health. This may result in a higher failure rate of grafting, leading to a requirement of re-graft. Hence, it took a longer time to achieve independence, as well as a longer hospital stay. A mental health history in burn survivors can be a contributing factor for poorer outcomes in the adult population.

scholarly journals Gait Analysis Using Accelerometry Data from a Single Smartphone: Agreement and Consistency between a Smartphone Application and Gold-Standard Gait Analysis System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7497
Author(s):  
Roy T. Shahar ◽  
Maayan Agmon
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal parameters of human gait, currently measured using different methods, provide valuable information on health. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are one such method of gait analysis, with smartphone IMUs serving as a good substitute for current gold-standard techniques. Here we investigate the concurrent validity of a smartphone placed in a front-facing pocket to perform gait analysis. Sixty community-dwelling healthy adults equipped with a smartphone and an application for gait analysis completed a 2-min walk on a marked path. Concurrent validity was assessed against an APDM mobility lab (APDM Inc.; Portland, OR, USA). Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (agreement and consistency) for gait speed, cadence, and step length indicate good to excellent agreement (ICC2,1 > 0.8). For right leg stance and swing % of gait cycle and double support % of gait cycle, results were moderate (0.52 < ICC2,1 < 0.62). For left leg stance and swing % of gait cycle left results show poor agreement (ICC2,1 < 0.5). Consistency of results was good to excellent for all tested parameters (ICC3,1 > 0.8). Thus we have a valid and reliable instrument for measuring healthy adults’ spatio-temporal gait parameters in a controlled walking environment.

scholarly journals Role of IL13 genetic polymorphism in the development of bronchial asthma in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Tereschenko ◽  
M. V. Smolnikova ◽  
E. V. Kasparov ◽  
E. V. Shakhtshneider ◽  
M. A. Malinchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Gene Associations ◽  
Caucasian Origin ◽  
Online Calculator ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Bronchial asthma is a multifactorial disease, with both environmental factors and genetic predisposal affecting its development. A number of gene associations have been obtained between polymorphisms of cytokine genes produced by different types of immune cells and asthma development. Interleukin-13 is involved in allergic inflammation, increased bronchial hypersensitivity, regulation of eosinophil levels and IgE production by B cells, thus making it promising for studying IL13 gene polymorphisms in bronchial asthma coupled to development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate possible association between asthma and IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism in the children of Caucasian origin in Eastern Siberia. Four groups of patients with asthma were examined (mean age 12.8±1.2 years): with a controlled (n = 95) and uncontrolled course (n = 107), with severe (n = 71) and moderate severity (n = 131) diseases. The control group consisted of healthy individuals: children (n = 33) and adults (n = 102). DNA was isolated with sorbent method; genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorescent TaqMan probes. The allele and genotype frequencies were compared by the χ-square test using an online calculator. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was performed to link genetic markers with pathological phenotypes. The CT IL13 rs1800925 genotype was shown to be associated with moderate asthma and cases of uncontrollable clinical course, whereas the TT genotype was associated with severe asthma. Thus, rs1800925 polymorphism of IL13 gene (the T* variant is known to be associated with increased IL-13 expression) may be associated with bronchial asthma in children. Our data are consistent with results of other authors. E.g., Liu Z. et al. revealed an association between rs1800925 IL13 and the risk of developing asthma in children, with CT and TT genotypes being more common in the patient group. Radhakrishnan A. et al., was studied rs1800925 IL13 in adult population of Malaysia and found that the T* allele frequency in the group of patients significantly exceeds the frequency of this allele in the control group. Thus, the results of our study showed that IL13 rs1800925 polymorphism is associated with bronchial asthma in children, especially, with level of its control and severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of balance, fall risk, and related factors in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Köksal Sarıhan ◽  
Hülya Uzkeser ◽  
Akın Erdal
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Nottingham Health Profile ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether fibromyalgia patients had a higher fall risk compared to healthy individuals and to identify its relationship, if there was an increase, with clinical features. Patients and methods: Between March 2018 and September 2018, a total of 50 consecutive female patients with fibromyalgia (median age: 35 years; interquantile range [IQR], 27 to 40 years) and 50 healthy female volunteers (median age: 30 years; IQR, 23 to 40 years) were included in the study. Pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), life quality with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), balance functions with the Berg Balance Test (BBT), and the risk of falls with a posturography device. Disease activity of fibromyalgia patients was evaluated with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Results: The mean fall risk index of the fibromyalgia patients was 45%. The fall risk index was significantly higher (p=0.010) and the BBT scores were significantly lower in the patient group (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in terms of fall risk between the control group and drug-free fibromyalgia patients; however, no significant difference was found between the balance scores of the two groups. In the fibromyalgia group, a weak positive relationship was determined between the fall risk index and the social isolation subscale of the NHP. Conclusion: Our study results showed an increased risk of loss of balance and falls in fibromyalgia patients, compared to healthy individuals. This fall risk increase was also detected in fibromyalgia patients who did not use drugs. These findings suggest a possible relationship between social isolation and an increased risk of falls.

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