scholarly journals Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3375
Author(s):  
Tomás Lara ◽  
Alexis Yáñez ◽  
Sandra Céspedes ◽  
Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Face ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Definition Of

In the face of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS) advancements, the inclusion of vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, has just recently become a part of the discussion. Including VRU in C-ITS presents new challenges, most notably the trade-off between the increase in VRU safety and the aggravation in channel congestion resulting from VRU-generated messages. However, previous studies mainly focus on network-related metrics without giving much consideration to VRU safety-related metrics. In this context, we evaluated such a trade-off with a study of motion-based message generation rules for VRU transmissions. The rules were analyzed using theoretical and simulation-based evaluations. In addition to studying the message generation rules using channel load metrics, such as channel busy ratio (CBR) and packet delivery ratio (PDR), we introduced a new metric: the VRU Awareness Probability (VAP). VAP uses the exchange of messages from active VRU to measure the probability of VRU detection by nearby vehicles. Results show that fixed message-filtering mechanisms reduce the overall channel load, but they could negatively impact VRU detection. We established the importance of quantifying the VRU awareness and its inclusion in C-ITS analysis because of its direct impact on VRU safety. We also discussed approaches that include VRU context and dynamism to improve the definition of message generation rules.

scholarly journals Monaco SUMO Traffic (MoST) Scenario: A 3D Mobility Scenario for Cooperative ITS

10.29007/1zt5 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Codeca ◽  
Jérôme Härri
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Road Users ◽  
3D Environment ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) are a viable solution when it comes to the optimization of the ever-growing population moving in the cities. C-ITS studies have to deal with telecommunications issues and location errors due to the urban environment, while keeping into account realistic mobility patterns. A detailed and state of the art scenario is complex to generate and validate. There is a trade-off between precision and scalability. Additionally, precise information may be problematic to obtain or use due to privacy issues. There are some general-purpose freely-available scenarios, but none of them provides a 3D environment with intermodal traffic. Nonetheless, the 3D environment is a requirement to have reliable C-ITS simulations in a realistic setting, and the importance of intermodal mobility cannot be overlooked in planning the future of smart cities. The Monaco SUMO Traffic (MoST) Scenario aims to provide a state of the art 3D playground with various kind of vehicles, vulnerable road users and public transports to test C-ITS solutions. This paper presents the data requirements, characteristics, possible use cases, and finally, the limitations of MoST Scenario.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

Evaluation of Topology-Based Routing Protocols for Dissemination of Emergency Messages in Urban Vehicular Traffic Scenarios in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-74
Author(s):  
Pawan Singh ◽  
Suhel Ahmad Khan ◽  
Pramod Kumar Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Packet Delivery

VANET is a subclass of MANET that makes the dream of intelligent transportation systems come true. As per the report of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, India, 1.5 million people were killed in road accidents in 2015. To reduce casualty and provide some kind of comfort during the journey, India must also implement VANETs. Applicability of VANET in Indian roads must be tested before implementation in reality. In this chapter, the real maps of Connaught Place, New Delhi from Open Street maps websites is considered. The SUMO for traffic and flow modeling is used. Many scenarios have been used to reflect real Indian road conditions to measure the performance of AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. The CBR traffic is used for the dissemination of emergency messages in urban vehicular traffic scenarios. The throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay are considered for performance analysis through the NS-2.35 network simulator.

scholarly journals Toward Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Data Transmission in Cluster-Based Vehicular Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Prasad Joshi ◽  
Eswaran Perumal ◽  
K. Shankar ◽  
Usman Tariq ◽  
Tariq Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
On The Road

In recent times, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have become a core part of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which aim to achieve continual Internet connectivity among vehicles on the road. The VANET has been used to improve driving safety and construct an ITS in modern cities. However, owing to the wireless characteristics, the message transmitted through the network can be observed, altered, or forged. Since driving safety is a major part of VANET, the security and privacy of these messages must be preserved. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient privacy-preserving data transmission architecture that makes use of blockchain technology in cluster-based VANET. The cluster-based VANET architecture is used to achieve load balancing and minimize overhead in the network, where the clustering process is performed using the rainfall optimization algorithm (ROA). The ROA-based clustering with blockchain-based data transmission, called a ROAC-B technique, initially clusters the vehicles, and communication takes place via blockchain technology. A sequence of experiments was conducted to ensure the superiority of the ROAC-B technique, and several aspects of the results were considered. The simulation outcome showed that the ROAC-B technique is superior to other techniques in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end to end (ETE) delay, throughput, and cluster size.

Intelligent Transportation Systems – Value Adder For Users Or Nerd's Toy?

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Foyer ◽  
Kambiz Porooshasp ◽  
Jordi Calafel
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
The Face ◽  
Support Skills ◽  
The Many ◽  
Car Crime

This paper, and the following five papers, were presented during the Telematics Automotive 99 Conference held at the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham, 13th to 15th April 1999. This first paper sets the scene for the more detailed technical aspects of the later papers. Copies of the full proceedings of Telematics Automotive 99 are available on loan from The Cundall Library.Globalisation of both markets and supply has been nowhere more obvious than in motor cars. These vehicles create not only the most free economic pipeline known to man but also a revolution in personal freedom. They are unlikely to go away; we have to find ways of living with them by coping with the environmental problems and the many forms of traffic problem: congestion, driving and support skills and car crime. In other areas, notably manufacturing and commerce, automation and advanced communications have enabled radical improvements in quality, productivity and environmental impact. This effect has yet to reach road transport in volume; the environmental and traffic problems are growing at least as fast as the populations of vehicles grow. The risk with such an important enabler as telematics is that it is seen as a plaything for gadget-minded users, rather than a key enabler for ongoing use of the car in the face of unrelenting pressures of congestion and environmental damage.

scholarly journals A Novel Adaptive Approach for Autonomous Vehicle Based on Optimization Technique for Enhancing the Communication between Autonomous Vehicle-to-Everything through Cooperative Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9089
Author(s):  
Radwa Ahmed Osman ◽  
Ahmed Kadry Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Proposed Model

Recent autonomous intelligent transportation systems commonly adopt vehicular communication. Efficient communication between autonomous vehicles-to-everything (AV2X) is mandatory to ensure road safety by decreasing traffic jamming, approaching emergency vehicle warning, and assisting in low visibility traffic. In this paper, a new adaptive AV2X model, based on a novel optimization method to enhance the connectivity of the vehicular networks, is proposed. The presented model optimizes the inter-vehicle position to communicate with the autonomous vehicle (AV) or to relay information to everything. Based on the system quality-of-service (QoS) being achieved, a decision will be taken whether the transmitting AV communicates directly to the destination or through cooperative communication. To achieve the given objectives, the best position of the relay-vehicle issue was mathematically formulated as a constrained optimization problem to enhance the communication between AV2X under different environmental conditions. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the following factors are considered: distribution of vehicles, vehicle density, vehicle mobility and speed. Simulation results show how the proposed model outperforms other previous models and enhances system performance in terms of four benchmark aspects: throughput (S), packet loss rate (PLR), packet delivery ratio (PDR) and average delivery latency (DL).

scholarly journals Modeling and Solution of the Routing Problem in Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks: A Dual, Deep Learning Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Hernández-Jiménez ◽  
Cesar Cardenas ◽  
David Muñoz Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Packet Delivery

The exponential growth of cities has brought important challenges such as waste management, pollution and overpopulation, and the administration of transportation. To mitigate these problems, the idea of the smart city was born, seeking to provide robust solutions integrating sensors and electronics, information technologies, and communication networks. More particularly, to face transportation challenges, intelligent transportation systems are a vital component in this quest, helped by vehicular communication networks, which offer a communication framework for vehicles, road infrastructure, and pedestrians. The extreme conditions of vehicular environments, nonetheless, make communication between nodes that may be moving at very high speeds very difficult to achieve, so non-deterministic approaches are necessary to maximize the chances of packet delivery. In this paper, we address this problem using artificial intelligence from a hybrid perspective, focusing on both the best next message to replicate and the best next hop in its path. Furthermore, we propose a deep learning–based router (DLR+), a router with a prioritized type of message scheduler and a routing algorithm based on deep learning. Simulations done to assess the router performance show important gains in terms of network overhead and hop count, while maintaining an acceptable packet delivery ratio and delivery delays, with respect to other popular routing protocols in vehicular networks.

San Diego Field Operational Test of Smart Call Boxes: Institutional Issues

1997 ◽  
Vol 1603 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Banks ◽  
Patrick A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Field Operational Test ◽  
Definition Of

Important institutional lessons learned in the course of the San Diego smart call box field operational test are presented. These lessons relate both to the conduct of the field test itself and to requirements for deployment of intelligent transportation systems similar to smart call boxes. The institutional issues were identified through review of project documents, interviews with participants, and the experience of the evaluator as a participant in the project. Issues were analyzed by preparing summaries that included a description and discussion of each issue, an assessment of its seriousness, identification of the organizational participants who raised it, a discussion of ways to avoid or mitigate any problems identified, and a list of actions to resolve the issue in the event of system deployment. Major institutional lessons include the potential impact of institutional arrangements on basic system concepts, the importance of involving potential users in the definition of system concepts and detailed design specifications, the need for quantitative market research to establish the potential profitability of intelligent transportation systems, the need for an adequate institutional infrastructure for deployment, and the importance of project organization schemes that minimize the number and complexity of formal agreements among participants.

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