scholarly journals Cross Attention Squeeze Excitation Network (CASE-Net) for Whole Body Fetal MRI Segmentation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4490
Author(s):  
Justin Lo ◽  
Saiee Nithiyanantham ◽  
Jillian Cardinell ◽  
Dylan Young ◽  
Sherwin Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Segmentation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Segmentation of the fetus from 2-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid radiologists with clinical decision making for disease diagnosis. Machine learning can facilitate this process of automatic segmentation, making diagnosis more accurate and user independent. We propose a deep learning (DL) framework for 2D fetal MRI segmentation using a Cross Attention Squeeze Excitation Network (CASE-Net) for research and clinical applications. CASE-Net is an end-to-end segmentation architecture with relevant modules that are evidence based. The goal of CASE-Net is to emphasize localization of contextual information that is relevant in biomedical segmentation, by combining attention mechanisms with squeeze-and-excitation (SE) blocks. This is a retrospective study with 34 patients. Our experiments have shown that our proposed CASE-Net achieved the highest segmentation Dice score of 87.36%, outperforming other competitive segmentation architectures.

The Contribution of MRI after Fetal Anomalies Have Been Diagnosed by Ultrasound: Correlation with Postnatal Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bero Verburg ◽  
A. Michelle Fink ◽  
Karen Reidy ◽  
Ricardo Palma-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Perinatal Management ◽  
Postnatal Outcome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Additional Value

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment and management of fetuses with abnormal findings on ultrasound. Methods: A total of 257 patients who had fetal MRI following the ultrasound diagnosis of a fetal anomaly, or were at high risk, were included. The patients were grouped by referral category for fetal MRI. Fetal MRI was compared to ultrasound in the detection of anomalies, i.e. whether additional findings were identified and if this changed diagnosis, prognosis and management during pregnancy. Results: Ultrasound findings were confirmed on fetal MRI in 89% of the cases. Additional findings were seen with MRI in 28% of all patients. The diagnosis changed in 21% and the prognosis in 19% of the cases. Perinatal management changed in 8%. The antenatal findings were confirmed in all cases that had a postmortem examination following termination of pregnancy. In all the pregnancies that continued to delivery and for which the postnatal outcome is known, the findings correlated in 97% of the cases. Conclusion: Fetal MRI provided additional detection of fetal anomalies, leading to a change in diagnosis and prognosis in 19% of the cases. Neonatal and postmortem findings mostly confirmed the fetal MRI diagnosis, suggesting it to be a useful tool for clinical decision making in perinatal management.

scholarly journals PET/MRI Imaging in High-Risk Sarcoma: First Findings and Solving Clinical Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus K. Schuler ◽  
Stephan Richter ◽  
Bettina Beuthien-Baumann ◽  
Ivan Platzek ◽  
Jörg Kotzerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sarcoma Treatment ◽  
Clinical Problems

Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new whole-body hybrid PET/MR imaging technique that combines metabolic and cross-sectional diagnostic imaging. Since the use of MRI in imaging of soft-tissue sarcoma is extremely beneficial, investigation of the combined PET/MRI is of great interest. In this paper, we present three cases and first data. Combined PET/MRI technique can support the process of clinical decision-making and give answers to some meaningful questions when treating patients with STS. Therefore, the combined modality of simultaneous PET/MRI offers new pieces to the puzzle of sarcoma treatment.

scholarly journals Advanced Imaging Techniques for Differentiating Pseudoprogression and Tumor Recurrence After Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yiqi Ma ◽  
Zijun Wu ◽  
Ruoxi Xie ◽  
Fanxin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system with poor prognosis. Although the field of immunotherapy in glioma is developing rapidly, glioblastoma is still prone to recurrence under strong immune intervention. The major challenges in the process of immunotherapy are evaluating the curative effect, accurately distinguishing between treatment-related reactions and tumor recurrence, and providing guidance for clinical decision-making. Since the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually difficult to distinguish between pseudoprogression and the true tumor progression, many studies have used various advanced imaging techniques to evaluate treatment-related responses. Meanwhile, criteria for efficacy evaluation of immunotherapy are constantly updated and improved. A standard imaging scheme to evaluate immunotherapeutic response will benefit patients finally. This review mainly summarizes the application status and future trend of several advanced imaging techniques in evaluating the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy.

Towards molecular imaging of multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
David RJ Owen ◽  
Paola Piccini ◽  
Paul M Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Radiotracers ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has had a profound impact on both research and clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS), but signal changes reflect underlying neuropathology only indirectly and often non-specifically. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the potential to complement MRI with quantitative measures of molecularly specific markers of cellular and metabolic processes. PET radiotracers already available promise new insights into the dynamics of the innate immune response, neuronal function, neurodegeneration and remyelination. Because PET is an exquisitely sensitive technique (able to image even picomolar concentrations), only microdoses of radioligand (<10 µg) are needed for imaging. This facilitates rapid implementation of novel radioligands because extensive toxicology data is not required. In the future, molecular imaging could assist clinical decision-making with patient stratification for optimization of treatment selection.

scholarly journals Radiomics feature robustness as measured using an MRI phantom

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonsang Lee ◽  
Angela Steinmann ◽  
Yao Ding ◽  
Hannah Lee ◽  
Constance Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Scanning Protocol ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractRadiomics involves high-throughput extraction of large numbers of quantitative features from medical images and analysis of these features to predict patients’ outcome and support clinical decision-making. However, radiomics features are sensitive to several factors, including scanning protocols. The purpose of this study was to investigate the robustness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics features with various MRI scanning protocol parameters and scanners using an MRI radiomics phantom. The variability of the radiomics features with different scanning parameters and repeatability measured using a test–retest scheme were evaluated using the coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both T1- and T2-weighted images. For variability measures, the features were categorized into three groups: large, intermediate, and small variation. For repeatability measures, the average T1- and T2-weighted image ICCs for the phantom (0.963 and 0.959, respectively) were higher than those for a healthy volunteer (0.856 and 0.849, respectively). Our results demonstrated that various radiomics features are dependent on different scanning parameters and scanners. The radiomics features with a low coefficient of variation and high ICC for both the phantom and volunteer can be considered good candidates for MRI radiomics studies. The results of this study will assist current and future MRI radiomics studies.

scholarly journals Application of standards and models in body composition analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred J. Müller ◽  
Wiebke Braun ◽  
Maryam Pourhassan ◽  
Corinna Geisler ◽  
Anja Bosy-Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Body Composition Analysis ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
Body Components

The aim of this review is to extend present concepts of body composition and to integrate it into physiology. In vivo body composition analysis (BCA) has a sound theoretical and methodological basis. Present methods used for BCA are reliable and valid. Individual data on body components, organs and tissues are included into different models, e.g. a 2-, 3-, 4- or multi-component model. Today the so-called 4-compartment model as well as whole body MRI (or computed tomography) scans are considered as gold standards of BCA. In practice the use of the appropriate method depends on the question of interest and the accuracy needed to address it. Body composition data are descriptive and used for normative analyses (e.g. generating normal values, centiles and cut offs). Advanced models of BCA go beyond description and normative approaches. The concept of functional body composition (FBC) takes into account the relationships between individual body components, organs and tissues and related metabolic and physical functions. FBC can be further extended to the model of healthy body composition (HBC) based on horizontal (i.e. structural) and vertical (e.g. metabolism and its neuroendocrine control) relationships between individual components as well as between component and body functions using mathematical modelling with a hierarchical multi-level multi-scale approach at the software level. HBC integrates into whole body systems of cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and renal functions. To conclude BCA is a prerequisite for detailed phenotyping of individuals providing a sound basis for in depth biomedical research and clinical decision making.

scholarly journals Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Fetal Brain and Abdomen Malformations during Pregnancy

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomeda Valevičienė ◽  
Guoda Varytė ◽  
Jolita Zakarevičienė ◽  
Eglė Kontrimavičiūtė ◽  
Diana Ramašauskaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a clarifying technique after a high-resolution ultrasound examination during pregnancy. Combining ultrasound with MRI, additional diagnostic information is obtained or ultrasound diagnosis is frequently corrected. High spatial resolution provides accurate radiological imaging of internal organs and widens possibilities for detecting perinatal development disorders. The safety of MRI and the use of intravenous contrast agent gadolinium are discussed in this article. There is no currently available evidence that MRI is harmful to the fetus, although not enough research has been carried out to prove enduring safety. MRI should be performed when the benefit outweighs the potential side effects. The narrative review includes several clinical cases of fetal MRI performed in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics.

scholarly journals Development of Antibody Immuno-PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging of Oncological Disorders—An Update

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Jonatan Dewulf ◽  
Karuna Adhikari ◽  
Christel Vangestel ◽  
Tim Van Den Wyngaert ◽  
Filipe Elvas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Wide Range

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are molecular imaging strategies that typically use radioactively labeled ligands to selectively visualize molecular targets. The nanomolar sensitivity of PET and SPECT combined with the high specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies have shown great potential in oncology imaging. Over the past decades a wide range of radio-isotopes have been developed into immuno-SPECT/PET imaging agents, made possible by novel conjugation strategies (e.g., site-specific labeling, click chemistry) and optimization and development of novel radiochemistry procedures. In addition, new strategies such as pretargeting and the use of antibody fragments have entered the field of immuno-PET/SPECT expanding the range of imaging applications. Non-invasive imaging techniques revealing tumor antigen biodistribution, expression and heterogeneity have the potential to contribute to disease diagnosis, therapy selection, patient stratification and therapy response prediction achieving personalized treatments for each patient and therefore assisting in clinical decision making.

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