scholarly journals Design, Analysis, and Testing of a Hybrid VTOL Tilt-Rotor UAV for Increased Endurance

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 5987
Author(s):  
Siddhant Panigrahi ◽  
Yenugu Siva Sai Krishna ◽  
Asokan Thondiyath
Keyword(s):  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Thrust Vectoring ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Tilt Rotor ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hybrid Configuration ◽  
Operational Range

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have slowly but steadily emerged as a research and commercial hotspot because of their widespread applications. Due to their agility, compact size, and ability to integrate multiple sensors, they are mostly sought for applications that require supplementing human effort in risky and monotonous missions. Despite all of these advantages, rotorcrafts, in general, are limited by their endurance and power-intensive flight requirements, which consequently affect the time of flight and operational range. On the other hand, fixed-wing aircrafts have an extended range, as the entire thrust force is along the direction of motion and are inherently more stable but are limited by their takeoff and landing strip requirements. One of the potential solutions to increase the endurance of VTOL rotorcrafts (Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicles) was to exploit the thrust vectoring ability of the individual actuators in multi-rotors, which would enable take-off and hovering as a VTOL vehicle and flight as a fixed-wing aircraft. The primary aim of this paper is to lay out the overall design process of a Hybrid VTOL tilt-rotor UAV from the initial conceptual sketch to the final fabricated prototype. The novelty of the design lies in achieving thrust vectoring capabilities in a fixed-wing platform with minimum actuation and no additional control complexity. This paper presents novel bi-copter that has been designed to perform as a hybrid configuration in both VTOL and fixed wing conditions with minimum actuators in comparison to existing designs. The unified dynamic modelling along with the approximation of multiple aerodynamic coefficients by numerical simulations is also presented. The overall conceptual design, dynamic modeling, computational simulation, and experimental analysis of the novel hybrid fixed-wing bi-copter with thrust vectoring capabilities aiming to substantially increase the flight range and endurance compared to the conventional aircraft rotorcraft configurations are presented.

scholarly journals A MODULAR MOBILE MAPPING PLATFORM FOR COMPLEX INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2020 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
I. Kalisperakis ◽  
T. Mandilaras ◽  
A. El Saer ◽  
P. Stamatopoulou ◽  
C. Stentoumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments

Abstract. In this work we present the development of a prototype, mobile mapping platform with modular design and architecture that can be suitably modified to address effectively both outdoors and indoors environments. Our system is built on the Robotics Operation System (ROS) and utilizes multiple sensors to capture images, pointclouds and 3D motion trajectories. These include synchronized cameras with wide angle lenses, a lidar sensor, a GPS/IMU unit and a tracking optical sensor. We report on the individual components of the platform, it’s architecture, the integration and the calibration of its components, the fusion of all recorded data and provide initial 3D reconstruction results. The processing algorithms are based on existing implementations of SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) methods combined with SfM (Structure-from-Motion) for optimal estimations of orientations and 3D pointclouds. The scope of this work, which is part of an ongoing H2020 program, is to digitize the physical world, collect relevant spatial data and make digital copies available to experts and public for covering a wide range of needs; remote access and viewing, process, design, use in VR etc.

Hygrothermal Behaviour of Inorganic Binder-Based Board Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Jan Bubeník ◽  
Jiří Zach
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hygrothermal Behaviour ◽  
Diffusion Properties

Currently, the use of board materials as a material intended for the dry construction of building structure cladding in the building industry has become widespread. The most common types of board materials include wood-based boards (particle, fibre, laminated / plywood, oriented strand boards [OSB]), cement-bonded particleboards and gypsum plasterboards or gypsum fibre boards. In the case of board materials based on inorganic binders, these are most often represented by boards in which the fillers used are bonded by plaster or cement. Wood can then be used as filler, which is predominantly an assortment of inferior-quality trees or comes from a short rotation coppice, treated by various technological processes. Microstructure and material composition have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The use of the boards in the internal or external environment is determined by their individual properties. Another indicator for the possible use of boards is the form of moisture with which the board comes into contact after installation into the structure. For the external environment, the boards have to withstand mainly liquid moisture; in contrast, in an internal environment, the boards come into contact mainly with air humidity. The diffusion properties of the individual products are also crucial for the overall design and use of the boards for structure cladding.

A Play Environment for Blind Children: Design and Evaluation

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Robert H. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
Tactile Maps ◽  
The Individual

A play environment, comprised of eight circular play courts arranged around a ninth court, was designed on the basis of the idea that play could be used to help blind children learn orientation skills that are essential for their development as individuals. Sensory stimulation, especially hearing and touch, and spatial perception are integral parts of the environment, as is the requirement that the child actively participate in order to enjoy the activities. Tactile maps and recorded instructions are also utilized. The design was presented to a panel of experts—orientation and mobility instructors, teachers, a psychologist, a recreation therapist, and a research designer—for evaluation. A majority judged the concept, the overall design, and the design of the individual elements to be “effective” or “very effective” in promoting the development of orientation skills in blind children.

Autonomous audio heater car: A comprehensive project-based analog design experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L LeBoeuf ◽  
Jorge T Gómez
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Analog Design ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Design Experience

This paper presents a methodology for teaching analog design concepts in the context of a single conceptual design and competition. The autonomous audio heater car is a comprehensive project-based analog design experience within a conceive, design, implement, operate framework. The students participate in the overall design process with guided discovery, rather than merely conducting scripted laboratory exercises. Students develop an understanding of the analog design required for each subsystem through weekly individual pre-laboratory and laboratory exercises. The car is guided to a beacon by light and/or audio tone. In transit, the car heats water to a temperature corresponding to the beacon tone and emits a tone corresponding to the instantaneous water temperature. The project culminates with team-based system integration and a competition. The individual work serves to cross-train all of the team members such that they all contribute effectively in the teams. The project motivated students because it provided a framework for laboratory topics, which would typically be considered without the broader context of a system design introduced at the beginning of the course.

scholarly journals The overall design and full-aircraft aerodynamic simulation of the tilting rotor cargo UAV based on variable shaft angle gear drive

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 04047
Author(s):  
Chia-kan Chang ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Ya-ni Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blow Up ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Rotational Inertia ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Tilt Rotor ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Contour Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Simulation

Traditional tilt rotor aircraft rely on turning the whole engine nacelle, to accomplish the transformation between vertical take-off and landing as well as flying. This scheme has a large rotational inertia and requires a heavy and complex tilting mechanism. the engine jet flow in the process of vertical take-off and landing directly spray down, and this flow could blow up the sand and stone, let engine suck it in or hurt people. So this paper designed a new rotated way based on variable shaft Angle gear transmission. The carrier aircraft design scheme referenced the data come from following software and website. The data of airfoils come from the software profili and the website Airfoil Investigation Database. The pressure distribution as well as air flow simulation and calculation is based on XFLR5. The mechanical, appearance and overall design is based on CATIA. The gear contour design is based on CAXA CAD and the full-aircraft aerodynamic simulation is based on ANSYS/FLUENT. The engine with this design is fixed, so it only needs rotate the tilting rotor shaft, and the mechanical structure is relatively simple, which make this aircraft can play an important role in the future logistics and transportation system.

HAPS role of in Earth Observation Multi-platform Paradigm for Environmental Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Persechino ◽  
Vincenzo Baraniello ◽  
Sara Parrilli ◽  
Francesco Tufano ◽  
Guido Rianna
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hybrid Configuration

<p>Environmental monitoring often requires the observation of phenomena at different spatial and temporal scales. For example, to study the anthropic impact on natural ecosystems, it is necessary both to evaluate its effects on a large scale and to detect and recognize the environmental criticalities that, locally, determine these effects. These needs impose tight requirements on data temporal, spatial and spectral resolution that a single aerospace platform can hardly satisfy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new collaborative paradigms between different platforms to improve their observation capabilities, exploiting interoperability between heterogeneous platforms and sensors. However, even multi-platform approaches, due to the limitations of the individual platforms currently available in terms of revisit time and sensor spatial resolution, cannot fully comply with the requirements imposed by some specific environmental issues at acceptable costs.</p><p>In this paper, HAPS (High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite) use is proposed as a tool to overcome these limitations and to extend the applicability of the multi-platform paradigm. </p><p>In environmental monitoring context, one of the main advantages offered by HAPSs consists in the possibility of providing data with higher spatial resolution than satellites, and at lower cost compared to aerial platforms. Moreover, HAPSs offer a larger field of view than UAVs and can provide data types such as fluorescence or hyperspectral ones that, because of sensor weight and cost, rarely could be acquired by UAVs. Finally, HAPS platforms, thanks to their station-keeping capability on a desired area, offer the possibility of having data with a high temporal resolution to monitor the temporal evolution of phenomena at a rate currently not possible with other platforms.</p><p>Different HAPS configurations have been proposed, based on aerostatic or aerodynamic forces. CIRA is designing a HAPS that, thanks to its hybrid configuration, is able to generate aerodynamic and aerostatic forces. It could fly at an altitude of 18-20 km, from this altitude range, the field of view has a diameter length of about 600 km. Maintenance and updating of its equipment and payload is also possible because the platform can land and take-off again.</p><p>CIRA is also designing the platform payload. The design goal is to define a new wide-area sensor based on visible, thermal, or hyperspectral cameras, with a better resolution than satellites. In this way, it will be possible to detect environmental anomalies in persistence in order to alert the other platforms. A very high focal second-reading sensor will also be used to avoid false-positive alerts.         </p><p>In this paper, we will present the main characteristics of HAPS platforms and how they, in synergy with other ones, would lead to considerable advantages in environmental monitoring. In particular, we will discuss the multi-platform paradigm, the current platform limits and their influence on the paradigm effectiveness in the context of environmental monitoring, characteristics of the HAPS platform that CIRA is currently conceptually designing in the context of the OT4clima Project and the main issues relative to its payload design.</p>

Design and Analysis of Actuated Microneedles for Robotic Manipulation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Banerjee ◽  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Stefanie Gutschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Robotic Manipulation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Fea Simulation ◽  
Multiple Actuators ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Operational Range

We present the design of a MEMS based single-unit actuator consisting of a single microneedle with 3D mobility. The four-sided single-unit actuator (4SA) microrobot design can achieve an in-plane actuation (x, y) of 76 μm (±38 μm) at 160 V and an out-of-plane actuation (z) of more than 6.5 μm at 35 V. The mechanical stress developed within the operational range is between 0.08 to 0.5 percent of the yield strength of silicon i.e. 7000 MPa. We discuss both the analytical modeling and finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of the design based on the range of dimensions analyzed for the individual actuator components. Our primary goal is to integrate multiple actuators into a parallel architecture for independent actuation of multiple microneedles for targeted micro- and nano-robotic manipulation tasks, such as single-cell analyses. We have also successfully fabricated sample 4SA microrobot without the microneedle as a pre-cursor to experimenting with our future advanced design of microrobots. We demonstrate successfully the 3D actuation of the 4SA microrobot of up to 10 μm at 120 V (in-plane) and more than 0.5 μm at 600 V (out-of-plane) with minimum decoupling.

scholarly journals "Something Wicked This Way Comes": Apocalyptic Overtones and the Descent into Ennui in John Logan's TV Series Penny Dreadful

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Logsdon
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Western World ◽  
Gothic Fiction ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wolf Man ◽  
Insight Into

While scholars have provided some insight into Penny Dreadful, no one has addressed the relationship of the piece’s overall design to the writer’s vision. Indeed, Penny Dreadful is offered as a warning of a darker age to come. Accordingly, writer John Logan sets his series in a late Victorian, Gothicized London that serves as a microcosm for a contemporary Western world experiencing a psychological and spiritual disintegration that touches the individual and the larger culture. Logan calls attention to the anxieties generated by this disintegration by incorporating into his series characters from late Victorian Gothic fiction: Frankenstein and his creature, Dracula, the Wolf Man, Dorian Gray, and Dr. Jekyll. The individual and cultural anxieties suggested by these characters’ “monstrous” behaviors have their basis not only in their sexual dysfunctions but in their despair over God’s absence. This crisis is centered in sexually adventurous Vanessa Ives, whose attempts to return to the Christ Who has rejected her hold the series together. In the series’ final episode, just before her death, Vanessa has a vision of Jesus. In response to Vanessa’s death, most of the remaining characters are seized by an ennui that has its counterpart in our own culture. The suggestion is that Logan uses Vanessa Ives as a symbolic representation of a dying world view, which, somewhat ironically, provided for her remaining friends a hope that sustained them.

scholarly journals A UNIQUE INSTRUMENTATION SCHEME FOR MEASURING LOADS IN MODEL DOLOS UNITS

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Scott ◽  
D.J. Turcke ◽  
W.F. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Unit Load ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Static Point ◽  
Hydraulic Stability

An instrumentation scheme for the measurement of the structural response of dolos units in a physical model due to static and quasistatic forces is presented. This was achieved by the development of a specialized armour unit "load cell". The load cell was tested under a variety of loading conditions ranging from static point loads to the complex forces arising from simulated prototype wave action. In the final stage of testing, a model breakwater was constructed and analyzed. The results of these tests demonstrated the accuracy of the developed instrumentation and the feasibility of its use for measurements conducted in physical models. Knowledge of the structural response of armour units in the breakwater environment may be incorporated into an improved overall design procedure for armour units that considers both the hydraulic stability and the structural integrity of the individual units.

Case-Based Expert System to Support Electronics Design in Mechatronic System

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2793-2797
Author(s):  
Samir El-Nakla
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Individual Domain ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
Case Based

Many current systems rely for their performance on achieving a balance between electronics, software and mechanical systems and the transfer of functionality between those domains. The design of such mechatronic systems therefore relies on the ability of the individual domain specialists to transfer knowledge about their domain within the overall design process. Enhancing the ability of non-specialists to understand the relationships between the various system elements and to communicate with the domain specialists will serve to enhance and support the design process. The paper therefore considers a tool based around the use of case-based expert system which is intended to provide such support by allowing a non-specialist to access information from a range of domains in a way which is easy to use and understand and which will establish and define the links between the various areas of technology.

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