scholarly journals Utilization of LED Grow Lights for Optical Wireless Communication-Based RF-Free Smart-Farming System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6833
Author(s):  
Sana Javed ◽  
Louey Issaoui ◽  
Seonghyeon Cho ◽  
Hyunchae Chun
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Smart Farming

Indoor smart-farming based on artificial grow lights has gained attention in the past few years. In modern agricultural technology, the growth status is generally monitored and controlled by radio-frequency communication networks. However, it is reported that the radio frequency (RF) could negatively impact the growth rate and the health condition of the vegetables. This work proposes an energy-efficient solution replacing or augmenting the current RF system by utilizing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the grow lights and adopting visible light communications and optical camera communication for the smart-farming systems. In particular, in the proposed system, communication data is modulated via a 24% additional green grow LED light that is also known to be beneficial for the growth of the vegetables. Optical cameras capture the modulated green light reflected from the vegetables for the uplink connection. A combination of white ceiling LEDs and photodetectors provides the downlink, enabling an RF-free communication network as a whole. In the proposed architecture, the smart-farming units are modularized, leading to flexible mobility. Following theoretical analysis and simulations, a proof-of-concept demonstration presents the feasibility of the proposed architecture by successfully demonstrating the maximum data rates of 840 b/s (uplink) and 20 Mb/s (downlink).

scholarly journals A Smart Farming System Based on Visible Light Communications

2013 ◽  
Vol 38C (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Hwa Yeom ◽  
Sung-Mi Park ◽  
Hye-In Kwon ◽  
Duck-Kyu Hwang ◽  
Jeongchang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Smart Farming

scholarly journals Design and implementation of smart farming system for fig using connected-argonomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5653
Author(s):  
N. Zainal ◽  
N. Mohamood ◽  
M. F. Norman ◽  
D. Sanmutham
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Implementation Approach ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Real Time Information

<span lang="EN-US">This paper proposes a design and implementation approach of smart farming system using connected-agronomics technique for fig farm application. Nowadays, fig plants having a rapid growth in the current market demand due to its rich in natural health benefiting nutrients, antioxidants and vitamins where some farming systems have been used  in maintaining fig plant’s environmental resources to grow without fail. Smart farming is a system applied to provide user with real time information and plan for desired plant such as time intervals for watering systems. There are two major problems on maintaining the fig fruit quality; watering system fail during emergency blackout and a contagious disease known as leaf rust due to external environments. The system implements two microcontrollers, the Arduino Uno &amp; Raspberry Pi along with smartphone Android application. The system performance is evaluated based on the requirement specification, irrigation soil, surrounding temperature and moisture. It is found that all data collected by the sensors are within the optimal range of values, which are 1500 µS/cm to 1599 µS/cm for the EC reading of the fertilizer while 6.0 to 6.5 for the pH value of the soil. This prototype of smart farming was well developed and can be applied to the fig plantation environment.</span>

Regime of soil humus rural residential areas organic farming systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
L.I. Shkarivska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Farming System

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.

Micro and Macro-level Analysis of Crop Diversification: Evidence from an Agrarian State West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 489-499
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Diversified Farming Systems

The farming system in West Bengal is being shifted by integration between the set of cash crops and the main food harvest process. This change in diversified farming systems, where smallholders have a production base in rice can complement production; affect technical efficiency and farm performance. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of crop diversification on smallholders in West Bengal. First, crop diversification regions were developed in West Bengal based on the Herfindahl index, which were categorized into three regions. Three sample districts were studied separately at the block level, and 915 small farmers from 41 sample villages of 9 sample blocks were interviewed through a good structure questionnaire for field studies from the sample districts. West Bengal was gradually moving towards multiple crop production. Furthermore, increasing rice production reduced the marginal use of inputs for the production of other crops. Farming and other vital factors such as HYVs area to GCA, average holding size and per capita income in some districts of West Bengal can be identified as determinants of crop diversification.

Enhancement in productivity and income sustainability through Integrated farming system approaches for small and marginal farmers of Eastern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJEEV KUMAR ◽  
SHIVANI . ◽  
S. K. SAMAL ◽  
S. K. DWIVEDI ◽  
MANIBHUSHAN .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Systems Models ◽  
The Cost

Integration of different components viz. livestock, fishery, horticulture, mushroom etc. along with field crops not only enhanced productivity but by-products (waste) of one component act as input for another component through resource recycling within the system. Six integrated farming systems models with suitable combinations of Crop, vegetables, fruit trees, fish, livestock, mushroom etc. were made and evaluated at the experimental farm of ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna during 2012-16 for harness maximum income, nutrient recycling and employment. Among six combinations, crop + fish + duck + goat resulted as most profitable combination in terms of productivity (RGEY- 22.2t), net income (Rs. 2,15,900/ha), additional employment (170 days/year) with income sustainability index (ISI) by 90.2. Upon nutrient recycling prepared from different wastes from the system Crop + fish + duck + goat combination added N (56.5 kg), P (39.6 kg) and K (42.7 kg) into the soil and reduced the cost of cultivation by 24 percent and was followed by crop + fish + goat combination. Crops grown under IFS mode with different types of manures produced 31 percent higher yield over conventional rice- wheat system. The contribution of crops towards the system productivity ranged from 36.4 to 56.2 %, while fish ranged from 22.0-33.5 %; for goat 25.4-32.9 %; for poultry 38.7 %; for duck 22.0-29.0 %; for cattle 32.2% and for mushroom 10.3 %.

scholarly journals An Efficient Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Recognition and Characterization Using End-to-End Transfer Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6885
Author(s):  
Sahar Ujan ◽  
Neda Navidi ◽  
Rene Jr Landry
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Radio Frequency Interference ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Continuous Wave Interference

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection and characterization play a critical role in ensuring the security of all wireless communication networks. Advances in Machine Learning (ML) have led to the deployment of many robust techniques dealing with various types of RFI. To sidestep an unavoidable complicated feature extraction step in ML, we propose an efficient Deep Learning (DL)-based methodology using transfer learning to determine both the type of received signals and their modulation type. To this end, the scalogram of the received signals is used as the input of the pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN), followed by a fully-connected classifier. This study considers a digital video stream as the signal of interest (SoI), transmitted in a real-time satellite-to-ground communication using DVB-S2 standards. To create the RFI dataset, the SoI is combined with three well-known jammers namely, continuous-wave interference (CWI), multi- continuous-wave interference (MCWI), and chirp interference (CI). This study investigated four well-known pretrained CNN architectures, namely, AlexNet, VGG-16, GoogleNet, and ResNet-18, for the feature extraction to recognize the visual RFI patterns directly from pixel images with minimal preprocessing. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed classifiers is evaluated by the data generated at different signal to noise ratios (SNR).

Efficient organic manganese (II) bromide green-light-emitting diodes enabled by manipulating hole and electron transport layer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsik Im ◽  
Atanu Jana ◽  
Vijaya Gopalan Sree ◽  
QIANKAI BA ◽  
Seong Chan Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Flat Panel Displays ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Emitting Devices

Lead-free, non-toxic transition metal-based phosphorescent organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) compounds are promising for next-generation flat-panel displays and solid-state light-emitting devices. In the present study, we fabricate highly efficient phosphorescent green-light-emitting diodes...

n-type GaN surface etched green light-emitting diode to reduce non-radiative recombination centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 021102
Author(s):  
Dong-Pyo Han ◽  
Ryoto Fujiki ◽  
Ryo Takahashi ◽  
Yusuke Ueshima ◽  
Shintaro Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Recombination ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Recombination Centers

New Results on Electroluminescence from Porous Silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Steiner ◽  
Frank Kozlowski ◽  
Hermann Sandmaier ◽  
Walter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Porous Region ◽  
First Results

ABSTRACTFirst results on light emitting diodes in porous silicon were reported in 1991. They showed a quantum efficiency of 10-7 to 10-5 and an orange spectrum. Over the last year some progress was achieved:- By applying UV-light during the etching blue and green light emitting diodes in porous silicon are fabricated.- When a p/n junction is realized within the porous region, a quantum efficiency of 10-4 is obtained.

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