scholarly journals Isolating In-Situ Grip and Push Force Distribution from Hand-Handle Contact Pressure with an Industrial Electric Nutrunner

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8120
Author(s):  
Cederick Landry ◽  
Daniel Loewen ◽  
Harish Rao ◽  
Brendan L. Pinto ◽  
Robert Bahensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measured Pressure

Objectives: Grip force during hand tool operation is the primary contributor to tendon strain and related wrist injuries, whereas push force is a contributor to shoulder injuries. However, both cannot be directly measured using a single measurement instrument. The objective of this research was to develop and test an algorithm to isolate the grip and push force distributions from in-situ hand-handle pressure measurements and to quantify their distributions among industrial workers using an electric nutrunner. Methods: Experienced automobile assembly line workers used an industrial nutrunner to tighten fasteners at various locations and postures. The pressure applied by the hand on the tool handle was measured dynamically using pressure sensors mounted on the handle. An algorithm was developed to compute the push force applied to the handle of an electric pistol-grip nutrunner based on recorded pressure measurements. An optimization problem was solved to find the contribution of each measured pressure to the actual pushing force of the tool. Finally, the grip force was determined from the difference between the measured pressure and the calculated pushing pressure. Results: The grip force and push force were successfully isolated and there was no correlation between the two forces. The computed grip force increased from low to high fastener locations, whereas the push force significantly increased during overhead fastening. A significant difference across the participants’ computed grip forces was observed. The grip force distribution showed that its contribution to total hand force was larger than other definitions in the literature. Conclusions: The developed algorithm can aid in better understanding the risk of injury associated with different tasks through the notion of grip and push force distribution. This was shown to be important as even workers with considerable power tool experience applied significantly more grip and push force than other participants, all of whom successfully completed each task. Moreover, the fact that both forces were uncorrelated shows the need for extracting them independently.

Increse of newly - detected in situ cancers in non-palpable breast lesions

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
N. Miletic ◽  
D. Stojiljkovic ◽  
M. Inic ◽  
M. Prekajski ◽  
A. Celebic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Great importance in detecting cancer in the phase of in situ lays in the fact that the epithelial layer is deprived of blood and lymph vessels, so metastases may develop only when basal membrane has been broken. This paper includes 46 operated women in whom it preoperatively had been verified suspect non-palpable lesion. The preoperative diagnostics included use of high- resolution mammography, aimed mammography, palpatory examination, as well as fine-needle aspiration (FNA), biopsy and cytologic analysis of the sample. The methodology of this work implies the use of stereotaxic marking, specimen mammography and ex-tempore pathohistology analysis. Out of 46 investigated patients in clinical stage T0N0M0, in whom there were no signs of malignant disease, and according to suspect lesion of initial screening mammography, malignant lesions of breast tissue were diagnosed in 19 patients (41%) intraoperatively. Three of these lesions (15,8%) were histopathologically verified as in situ. Comparing our results with data of the Institute of oncology and radiology of Serbia hospital registry (IORS) for the year 2001, from 1173 patients registered with malignant lesions, only 16 ones (1,4%) had in situ cancer, operated on the basis of the suspect mammography of clinical stage T0N0M0. Statistically significant difference was found related to the number of detected cancers in this early phase of the breast malignant disease. This limits surgical intervention to tumorectomy, with preservation of the remaining breast tissue, what brings to healing, justifying in that way, screening examinations and routine application of the most contemporary diagnostic procedures.

scholarly journals SMILE and Wavefront-Guided LASIK Out-Compete Other Refractive Surgeries in Ameliorating the Induction of High-Order Aberrations in Anterior Corneal Surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-jie Ye ◽  
Cai-yuan Liu ◽  
Rong-feng Liao ◽  
Zheng-yu Gu ◽  
Bing-ying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
High Order Aberrations

Purpose. To compare the change of anterior corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), wavefront-guided LASIK with iris registration (WF-LASIK), femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods. In a prospective study, 82 eyes underwent LASIK, 119 eyes underwent WF-LASIK, 88 eyes underwent FS-LASIK, and 170 eyes underwent SMILE surgery. HOAs were measured with Pentacam device preoperatively and 6 months after surgery. The aberrations were described as Zernike polynomials, and analysis focused on total HOAs, spherical aberration (SA), horizontal coma, and vertical coma over 6 mm diameter central corneal zone.Results. Six months postoperatively, all procedures result in increase of anterior corneal total HOAs and SA. There were no significant differences in the induced HOAs between LASIK and FS-LASIK, while SMILE induced fewer total HOAs and SA compared with LASIK and FS-LASIK. Similarly, WF-LASIK also induced less total HOAs than LASIK and FS-LASIK, but only fewer SA than FS-LASIK (P<0.05). No significant difference could be detected in the induced total HOAs and SA between SMILE and WF-LASIK, whereas SMILE induced more horizontal coma and vertical coma compared with WF-LASIK (P<0.05).Conclusion. FS-LASIK and LASIK induced comparable anterior corneal HOAs. Compared to LASIK and FS-LASIK, both SMILE and WF-LASIK showed advantages in inducing less total HOAs. In addition, SMILE also possesses better ability to reduce the induction of SA in comparison with LASIK and FS-LASIK. However, SMILE induced more horizontal coma and vertical coma compared with WF-LASIK, indicating that the centration of SMILE procedure is probably less precise than WF-LASIK.

Verification of In Situ Thresholds and Integrated Real-Ear Measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. DiGiovanni ◽  
Ryan M. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Ohio University ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Threshold Measurement

Background: Accurate prescriptive gain results in a more accurate fit, lower return rate in hearing aids, and increased patient satisfaction. In situ threshold measurements can be used to determine required gain. The Widex Corporation uses an in situ threshold measurement strategy, called the Sensogram. Real-ear measurements determine if prescriptive gain targets have been achieved. Starkey Laboratories introduced an integrated real-ear measurement system in their hearing aids. Purpose: To determine whether the responses obtained using the Widex Sensogram were equivalent to those obtained using current clinical threshold measurement methods. To determine the accuracy of the Starkey IREMS™ (Integrated Real Ear Measurement System) in measuring RECD (real-ear to coupler difference) values compared to a dedicated real-ear measurement system. Research Design: A verification design was employed by comparing participant data measured from standard, benchmark equipment and procedures against new techniques offered by hearing-aid manufacturers. Study Sample: A total of 20 participants participated in this study. Ten participants with sensorineural hearing loss were recruited from the Ohio University Hearing, Speech, and Language Clinic participated in the first experiment. Ten participants with normal hearing were recruited from the student population at Ohio University participated in both experiments. The normal-hearing group had thresholds of 15 dB HL or better at the octave frequencies of 250–8000 Hz. The hearing-impaired group had thresholds of varying degrees and configurations with thresholds equal to or poorer than 25 dB HL three-frequency pure-tone average. Data Collection and Analysis: The order of measurement method for both experiments was counterbalanced. In Experiment 1, thresholds obtained via the Widex Sensogram were compared to thresholds obtained for each participant using a clinical audiometer and ER-3A insert ear phones. In Experiment 2, RECD values obtained via the Starkey IREMS were compared to RECD values obtained via the Audioscan Verifit™. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, and a Fisher's LSD (least significant difference) was used as a post hoc analysis tool. Results: A significant difference between Sensogram thresholds and conventional audiometric thresholds was found with the Sensogram method resulting in better threshold values at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz for both groups. In Experiment 2, a significant difference between RECD values obtained by the Starkey IREMS and the Audioscan Verifit system was found with significant differences in RECD values found at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 2.0, and 6.0 kHz. Conclusions: The Sensogram data differ significantly from traditional audiometry at several frequencies important for speech intelligibility. Real-ear measures are still required for verification of prescribed gain, however, calling into question any claims of shortened fitting time. The Starkey IREMS does perform real-ear measurements that vary significantly from benchmark equipment. These technologies represent a positive direction in prescribing accurate gain during hearing-aid fittings, but a stand-alone system is still the preferred method for real-ear measurements in hearing-aid fittings.

scholarly journals In situ acoustic analysis of two twentieth-century heritage carillons

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Allan Orr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Physical Acoustics ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function

AbstractCarillons are a diverse and global form of musical and civic heritage: musical instruments comprised of a series of 23 or more bells, typically hung in a tower-like structure, tuned chromatically and played from a touch-sensitive manual and pedal console using an elaborate mechanical action. Carillon bells have a distinct series of musical overtones which should be accurately tuned to one another and with other bells they sound alongside. Although these overtones have been previously studied ex situ, this study assesses the acoustic characteristics of two early-twentieth century carillons in Toronto, Canada as a combination of structure, bells, and mechanical action. Thus, the instrument and its context are considered holistically, more accurately reflecting the musical sensitivity of a carillonist. Spectral analysis of audio samples of each bell at different musical dynamic levels enabled the analysis of the acoustic qualities of the bells and the mechanical action of the instruments. The tuning of bells in the instruments varied; most importantly, there was a significant difference between the audial intensity of the bell tones produced by the instruments, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical action as part of the ‘carillon system’. This was represented with a resistive power-law model, that represents the sensitivity of intensity to carillonist musical dynamic level. A discussion of the implications for artistic and heritage practice follows. Understanding the in situ physical acoustics of the carillon as a holistic instrument in its context informs performers, arrangers, and composers of how they can best embrace the instrument’s unique qualities to improve artistic pursuits and support the appreciation of carillons as heritage instruments and function as civic voices.

scholarly journals Tunable In Situ 3D-Printed PVDF-TrFE Piezoelectric Arrays

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5032
Author(s):  
Alec Ikei ◽  
James Wissman ◽  
Kaushik Sampath ◽  
Gregory Yesner ◽  
Syed N. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
3D Printed

In the functional 3D-printing field, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) has been shown to be a more promising choice of material over polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), due to its ability to be poled to a high level of piezoelectric performance without a large mechanical strain ratio. In this work, a novel presentation of in situ 3D printing and poling of PVDF-TrFE is shown with a d33 performance of up to 18 pC N−1, more than an order of magnitude larger than previously reported in situ poled polymer piezoelectrics. This finding paves the way forward for pressure sensors with much higher sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, the ability of in situ pole sensors to demonstrate different performance levels is shown in a fully 3D-printed five-element sensor array, accelerating and increasing the design space for complex sensing arrays. The in situ poled sample performance was compared to the performance of samples prepared through an ex situ corona poling process.

Molecular Cytogenetic Classification of Down Syndrome and Screening of Somatic Aneuploidy in Mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Robertsonian Translocations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Down Syndrome (DS) caused by trisomy 21 results in various congenital and developmental complications in children. It is crucial to cytogenetically diagnose the DS cases early for their proper health management and to reduce the risk of further DS childbirths in mothers. In this study, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of 436 suspected DS cases using karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization. We detected free trisomies (95.3%), robertsonian translocations (2.4%), isochromosomes (0.6%), and mosaics (1.2%). We observed a slightly higher incidence of DS childbirth in younger mothers compared to mothers with advanced age. We compared the somatic aneuploidy in peripheral blood of mothers having DS children (MDS) and control mothers (CM) to identify biomarkers for predicting the risk for DS childbirths. No significant difference was observed. After induced demethylation in peripheral blood cells, we did not observe a significant difference in the frequency of aneuploidy between MDS and CM. In conclusion, free trisomy 21 is the most common type of chromosomal abnormality in DS. A small number of DS cases have translocations and mosaicism of chromosome 21. Additionally, somatic aneuploidy in the peripheral blood from the mother is not an effective marker to predict DS childbirths.

Digital manometry to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure during lumbar puncture

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110551
Author(s):  
Robert Heider ◽  
Peter G Kranz ◽  
Erin Hope Weant ◽  
Linda Gray ◽  
Timothy J Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Left Lateral Decubitus Position ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Savings

Rationale and Objectives Accurate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure measurements are critical for diagnosis and treatment of pathologic processes involving the central nervous system. Measuring opening CSF pressure using an analog device takes several minutes, which can be burdensome in a busy practice. The purpose of this study was to compare accuracy of a digital pressure measurement device with analog manometry, the reference gold standard. Secondary purpose included an assessment of possible time savings. Materials and Methods This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional investigation of 71 patients who underwent image-guided lumbar puncture (LP) with opening CSF pressure measurement at a single institution from June 2019 to September 2019. Exclusion criteria were examinations without complete data for both the digital and analog measurements or without recorded needle gauge. All included LPs and CSF pressures were measured with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position, legs extended. Acquired data included (1) digital and analog CSF pressures and (2) time required to measure CSF pressure. Results A total of 56 procedures were analyzed in 55 patients. There was no significant difference in mean CSF pressures between devices: 22.5 cm H2O digitally vs 23.1 analog ( p = .7). Use of the digital manometer resulted in a time savings of 6 min (438 s analog vs 78 s digital, p < .001). Conclusion Cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurements obtained with digital manometry demonstrate comparable accuracy to the reference standard of analog manometry, with an average time savings of approximately 6 min per case.

A quality of life assessment of military recruits after refractive surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Jian-He Xiao ◽  
◽  
Shi-Yang Li ◽  
Xing Xing ◽  
Ai-Hong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Postoperative Interval

AIM: To evaluate the quality of life of recruits after refractive surgery. METHODS: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Using the Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire, the quality of life in 615 recruits underwent refractive surgery was evaluated. The overall score and each question score of QIRC were compared between subgroups of different strength of preoperative refractive error, postoperative interval, type of surgical procedure and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: The mean overall QIRC score of recruits underwent refractive surgery was 49.15±7.89. Significant difference was found for strength of preoperative refractive error (F=4.16, P<0.05), with the low myopia group (50.67±7.59) had significantly better scores than those with high myopia (47.57±7.52, F=4.16, P<0.05). Recruits after a postoperative interval no more than 6mo (49.18±7.86) scored equally to those of more than 6mo (49.18±8.03). Recruits underwent surface ablation surgery scored lowest (46.68±6.09), but showed no significant difference when compared with all underwent refractive surgery (t=1.99, P>0.05). Scores of recruits underwent mechanical microkeratome laser in situ keratomileusis (MK-LASIK), Sub-Bowman’s keratomileusis (SBK), femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), femtosecond lenticule extraction (ReLEx flex) or small-incision lenticule extraction (ReLEx SMILE) procedure showed no significant difference too. Recruits had adverse complaints postoperatively (45.85±6.66) scored lower when compared with all underwent refractive surgery (t=5.28, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The quality of life of recruits after refractive surgery was good except those with postoperative complications. Preoperative low myopia recruits had better quality of life than medium and high myopia ones.

scholarly journals Direct Comparison of Modified Jobe and Docking Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction at Midterm Follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin W. Arner ◽  
Edward S. Chang ◽  
Stephen Bayer ◽  
James P. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The modified Jobe and docking techniques are the 2 most commonly employed techniques for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction among overhead athletes. However, no study has directly compared these techniques performed by a single surgeon. Current comparisons of these techniques have relied solely on systematic reviews and biomechanical studies. Hypothesis: There will be no difference in outcomes or return to play between the modified Jobe and docking techniques in elbow UCL reconstruction surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-five modified Jobe and 26 docking UCL-reconstructive surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon, each with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score, Conway Scale, years played, sex, handedness, sport, position, palmaris versus gracilis graft type, concomitant or future arm/shoulder injuries, and need for additional surgery were compared between the groups. Patients who underwent future shoulder or elbow surgery, no matter the cause, were included. Results: No difference was seen between the modified Jobe and docking reconstruction cases in regard to KJOC scores (mean ± SD: 78.4 ± 19.5 vs 72.0 ± 26.0, P = .44), Conway Scale (return to play, any level: 84% vs 82%, P = .61), years played (14.7 ± 6.2 vs 15.2 ± 5.8, P = .52), sex ( P = .67), handedness ( P ≥ .999), sport ( P = .44), position ( P = .60), level of competition ( P = .59), and future surgery (12% vs 4%, P = .35). Palmaris graft type had significantly higher KJOC scores than hamstring grafts (82.3 ± 20.0 vs 57.9 ± 21.2, P = .001). The mean follow-up was 6.1 years in the modified Jobe group and 7.3 years in the docking group (mean = 6.7, P = .47). Conclusion: The modified Jobe and docking techniques are both suitable surgical options for elbow UCL reconstruction. There was no statistically significant difference between the techniques in regard to return to play, KJOC score, or need for subsequent surgery at 6.7-year follow-up. This is the first direct clinical comparison of these 2 techniques by a single surgeon at midterm follow-up.

Permacol Collagen Paste Injection for Treatment of Complex Cryptoglandular Anal Fistulas: An Observational Cohort Study With a 2-Year Follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Schiano di Visconte ◽  
Andrea Braini ◽  
Luana Moras ◽  
Luigi Brusciano ◽  
Ludovico Docimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Recurrent Fistula ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paste Extrusion ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Grading Scale

Background. Permacol paste injection is a novel treatment approach for complex cryptoglandular anal fistulas. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of treatment with Permacol paste for complex cryptoglandular fistulas. Methods. Patients with primary or recurrent complex cryptoglandular anal fistulas treated with Permacol paste from 2014 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results. A total of 46 patients (median age, 41.3 years; 21 female) underwent Permacol paste injection; 20 patients (43%) had previously undergone failed fistula surgery. The patients had experienced anal fistula-related symptoms for a median of 10 weeks (range, 3-50 weeks). All patients had a draining seton in situ for a median of 10 weeks (range, 4-46 weeks). The median follow-up time was 24 months (range, 1-25 months). At the 1-month follow-up, 2 patients had paste extrusion and 2 had anal abscesses. The mean preoperative Continence Grading Scale score was 1.10 ± 1.40, and that at 3 months postoperatively was 1.13 ± 1.39 ( P = .322). There was a significant difference in the preoperative and the 1- and 3-month postoperative pain scores ( P < .001). At the 24-month follow-up, the healing rate was 50% (n = 23). A total of 19 patients (41%) with a recurrent fistula after failed Permacol paste injection required additional operative procedures. The satisfaction rate at the 2-year follow-up was 65%. Conclusion. Permacol paste injection is minimally invasive and technically easy to perform. It can be considered as a viable and reasonable option for the treatment of complex cryptoglandular anal fistulas in patients with fecal continence disorders.

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