scholarly journals Tunable In Situ 3D-Printed PVDF-TrFE Piezoelectric Arrays

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5032
Author(s):  
Alec Ikei ◽  
James Wissman ◽  
Kaushik Sampath ◽  
Gregory Yesner ◽  
Syed N. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
3D Printed

In the functional 3D-printing field, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) has been shown to be a more promising choice of material over polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), due to its ability to be poled to a high level of piezoelectric performance without a large mechanical strain ratio. In this work, a novel presentation of in situ 3D printing and poling of PVDF-TrFE is shown with a d33 performance of up to 18 pC N−1, more than an order of magnitude larger than previously reported in situ poled polymer piezoelectrics. This finding paves the way forward for pressure sensors with much higher sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, the ability of in situ pole sensors to demonstrate different performance levels is shown in a fully 3D-printed five-element sensor array, accelerating and increasing the design space for complex sensing arrays. The in situ poled sample performance was compared to the performance of samples prepared through an ex situ corona poling process.

3D-Printed Samples For EXLO/INLO Practice and Training

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Giannuzzi ◽  
Lucille A. Giannuzzi ◽  
Kathleen A. Gehoski ◽  
William J. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Training

Abstract Practice and training samples have been manufactured using 3D-printing methods. These 3D-printed samples mimic the exact geometry of focused ion beam (FIB) prepared specimens and can be used to help master ex situ and in situ lift out micromanipulation methods. An additively manufactured array of samples yields numerous samples needed for repetition and deliberate practice necessary to master the lift out and micromanipulation steps. The 3D-printed samples are cost effective and negates expensive FIB time needed to prepare FIB specimens.

On 3D printing of electro-active PVDF-Graphene and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticle-based composite as a self-healing repair solution for heritage structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110609
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Inderpreet Singh Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Crack Repair ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Mn Doped

Construction is the part of human activity which is directly linked to urbanization for moving ahead on the path of growth and prosperity. Construction activities in past centuries are now part of our precious heritage. The repair and maintenance of heritage structures are of great importance for present-day researchers. One of the most common damage these century-long constructions faces are in form of surface cracks. In the present study, investigations were performed for a 3D printing-based customized solution for crack repair and maintenance of heritage structures. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer was reinforced with graphene (Gr) and Mn-doped ZnO nano-particles to prepare a smart composite material for crack repair and restoration. The composite was successfully 3D printed on fused deposition modeling (FDM) based 3D printer after investigating its rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties. The in-house developed composite was tested for smart characteristics to use as a programmable solution for filling cracks. The piezoelectric property and dielectric constant of 3D printed disk-shaped composite (PVDF-Gr-Mn-ZnO) were obtained after DC poling (to be used as stimulus) of the functional prototype. The results of the study suggest that the electro-active nature, volumetric change, and charge storing capacity of the additively manufactured composite may be used practically to acquire the shape of cavity/crack present in the constructed wall and repair the damages that occurred in a heritage site. The photoluminescence (PLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was used to ascertain the properties of the prepared composite. Also, the results obtained from the morphological analysis are reported to support the outcomes of the research.

The Effects of Additive Manufacturing and Electric Poling Techniques on PVdF Thin Films: Towards 3D Printed Functional Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Fan ◽  
David Gonzalez ◽  
Jose Garcia ◽  
Brittany Newell ◽  
Robert A. Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Constant ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Mechanical flexibility, faster processing, lower fabrication cost and biocompatibility enable poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) to have a wide range of applications. This work investigated the use of a piezoelectric polymeric material, PVdF, in combination with 3D printing, to explore new strategies for the fabrication of smart materials with embedded functions, namely sensing. The motivation behind this research was to design and fabricate PVdF thin films that will be used to build pressure sensors with applications in active intelligent structures. In this work, 3D printed PVdF thin films with thickness values in the range of 250 to 350 μm were poled under high direct current electrical fields, which were varied from 0.4 to 12 MV/m and temperatures from 80 to 140 °C. Copper electrodes were applied, forming a standard capacitor layered structure, to facilitate poling and to collect piezoelectric output voltage. The poling process enabled the piezoelectric crystalline phase transition of printed PVdF films to transfer from the non-active a α-phase to the piezoelectric active β-phase and rearranged the dipole alignments of the β-phase. The efficiency of poling was evaluated through the piezoelectric constant calculated from measured calibration curves. These calibration curves demonstrated the PVdF sensing device have a positive linear correlation between mechanical input and voltage output. We found that a peak value in piezoelectric constant correlated with poling voltages and temperatures. The highest piezoelectric constant achieved through contact poling was 32.29 pC/N poled at 750 V and 120 °C, and temperature was deemed the most important factors to influence piezoelectric constant. We believe that the present work demonstrates a path towards fully 3D printed smart, functional materials.

Combinatorial Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Biomimicked Composites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Allameh ◽  
Roger Miller ◽  
Abdullah Almuzaini
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Art Economics ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Combinatorial Materials

Abstract This study presents the preliminary results of in-situ tests conducted on structural biomimicked composites built by 3D printing. Construction industry is looking seriously into 3D printed structures that can be incorporated into the conventional buildings. Further refinement of materials and processing will lead to the 3D printing of buildings in future. The advantages afforded by 3D printing are unrivaled, creating unprecedented opportunities to express art, economics, environmentally friendly designs, lightweight schemes, among many others. To determine the reliability and suitability of structural composites for use in construction, it is important to test these in shapes, and geometries that are appropriate to 3D printing. Combinatorial materials research allows the fabrication and in-situ testing of composites made by mix and match of various materials. This study focuses on the characterization of mechanical behavior of biomimicked composites fabricated by a 3D printer. To accomplish this, a meter-sized 3D printer was equipped with material dispensers as well as load sensors. Composites were made of various construction materials, adhesive, and reinforcement and subsequently tested by the same printer. The results are presented, and the implications of findings are discussed on their impact on the construction industry.

A three-dimensional (3D) printing approach to fabricate an isolation chip for high throughput in situ cultivation of environmental microbes

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Bok Sun Goh ◽  
Clariss Hui Peng Goh ◽  
Li Wen Wong ◽  
Wai Teng Cheng ◽  
Catherine Mary Yule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Environmental Microbes

The 3D-printed iChip version made from thermoplastics or photopolymers can isolate microbial populations of a peat swamp in situ with a population profile different from that isolated via the standard in vitro Petri dish cultivation method.

scholarly journals Orthogonal photochemistry-assisted printing of 3D tough and stretchable conductive hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiu Wei ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Leng ◽  
Zijian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Performance Pressure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels ◽  
Extrusion Printing ◽  
Short Time

Abstract3D-printing tough conductive hydrogels (TCHs) with complex structures is still a challenging task in related fields due to their inherent contrasting multinetworks, uncontrollable and slow polymerization of conductive components. Here we report an orthogonal photochemistry-assisted printing (OPAP) strategy to make 3D TCHs in one-pot via the combination of rational visible-light-chemistry design and reliable extrusion printing technique. This orthogonal chemistry is rapid, controllable, and simultaneously achieve the photopolymerization of EDOT and phenol-coupling reaction, leading to the construction of tough hydrogels in a short time (tgel ~30 s). As-prepared TCHs are tough, conductive, stretchable, and anti-freezing. This template-free 3D printing can process TCHs to arbitrary structures during the fabrication process. To further demonstrate the merits of this simple OPAP strategy and TCHs, 3D-printed TCHs hydrogel arrays and helical lines, as proofs-of-concept, are made to assemble high-performance pressure sensors and a temperature-responsive actuator. It is anticipated that this one-pot rapid, controllable OPAP strategy opens new horizons to tough hydrogels.

scholarly journals In Situ Controlled Surface Microstructure of 3D Printed Ti Alloy to Promote Its Osteointegration

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Shan ◽  
Abdul Kadhum ◽  
M.S.H. Al-Furjan ◽  
Wenjian Weng ◽  
Youping Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Parameters

It is well known that three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology used to produce customized implants and surface characteristics of implants, strongly deciding their osseointegration ability. In this study, Ti alloy microspheres were printed under selected rational printing parameters in order to tailor the surface micro-characteristics of the printed implants during additive manufacturing by an in situ, controlled way. The laser path and hatching space were responsible for the appearance of the stripy structure (S), while the bulbous structure (B) and bulbous–stripy composite surface (BS) were determined by contour scanning. A nano-sized structure could be superposed by hydrothermal treatment. The cytocompatibility was evaluated by culturing Mouse calvaria-derived preosteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1). The results showed that three typical microstructured surfaces, S, B, and BS, could be achieved by varying the 3D printing parameters. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation potential of the S, B, and BS surfaces could be significantly enhanced, and the addition of nano-sized structures could be further improved. The BS surface with nano-sized structure demonstrated the optimum osteogenic differentiation potential. The present research demonstrated an in situ, controlled way to tailor and optimize the surface structures in micro-size during the 3D printing process for an implant with higher osseointegration ability.

scholarly journals 3D-printed integrative probeheads for magnetic resonance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyao Xie ◽  
Xueqiu You ◽  
Yuqing Huang ◽  
Zurong Ni ◽  
Xinchang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Micrometer Scale

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) technology has been widely employed in scientific research, clinical diagnosis and geological survey. However, the fabrication of MR radio frequency probeheads still face difficulties in integration, customization and miniaturization. Here, we utilized 3D printing and liquid metal filling techniques to fabricate integrative radio frequency probeheads for MR experiments. The 3D-printed probehead with micrometer precision generally consists of liquid metal coils, customized sample chambers and radio frequency circuit interfaces. We screened different 3D printing materials and optimized the liquid metals by incorporating metal microparticles. The 3D-printed probeheads are capable of performing both routine and nonconventional MR experiments, including in situ electrochemical analysis, in situ reaction monitoring with continues-flow paramagnetic particles and ions separation, and small-sample MR imaging. Due to the flexibility and accuracy of 3D printing techniques, we can accurately obtain complicated coil geometries at the micrometer scale, shortening the fabrication timescale and extending the application scenarios.

Review of 3D-printing technologies for wearable and implantable bio-integrated sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vega Pradana Rachim ◽  
Sung-Min Park
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Integrated Sensors ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
In Situ Fabrication ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biochemical Signals

Abstract Thin-film microfabrication-based bio-integrated sensors are widely used for a broad range of applications that require continuous measurements of biophysical and biochemical signals from the human body. Typically, they are fabricated using standard photolithography and etching techniques. This traditional method is capable of producing a precise, thin, and flexible bio-integrated sensor system. However, it has several drawbacks, such as the fact that it can only be used to fabricate sensors on a planar surface, it is highly complex requiring specialized high-end facilities and equipment, and it mostly allows only 2D features to be fabricated. Therefore, developing bio-integrated sensors via 3D-printing technology has attracted particular interest. 3D-printing technology offers the possibility to develop sensors on nonplanar substrates, which is beneficial for noninvasive bio-signal sensing, and to directly print on complex 3D nonplanar organ structures. Moreover, this technology introduces a highly flexible and precisely controlled printing process to realize patient-specific sensor systems for ultimate personalized medicine, with the potential of rapid prototyping and mass customization. This review summarizes the latest advancements in 3D-printed bio-integrated systems, including 3D-printing methods and employed printing materials. Furthermore, two widely used 3D-printing techniques are discussed, namely, ex-situ and in-situ fabrication techniques, which can be utilized in different types of applications, including wearable and smart-implantable biosensor systems.

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