scholarly journals Measuring Upper Limb Kinematics of Forehand and Backhand Topspin Drives with IMU Sensors in Wheelchair and Able-Bodied Table Tennis Players

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8303
Author(s):  
Jia-Wen Yam ◽  
Jing-Wen Pan ◽  
Pui-Wah Kong
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Limb Kinematics

To better understand the biomechanics of para-table tennis players, this study compared the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint kinematics among able-bodied (AB) and wheelchair players in different classifications. Nineteen participants (AB, n = 9; classification 1 (C1), n = 3; C2, n = 3; C3, n = 4) executed 10 forehand and backhand topspin drives. Shoulder abduction/adduction, elbow flexion/extension, wrist extension/flexion, respective range of motion (ROM), and joint patterns were obtained using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. The results showed clear differences in upper limb kinematics between the able-bodied and wheelchair players, especially in the elbow and wrist. For the para-players, noticeable variations in techniques were also observed among the different disability classes. In conclusion, wheelchair players likely adopted distinct movement strategies compared to AB to compensate for their physical impairments and functional limitations. Hence, traditional table tennis programs targeting skills and techniques for able-bodied players are unsuitable for para-players. Future work can investigate how best to customize training programs and to optimize movement strategies for para-players with varied types and degrees of impairment.

scholarly journals Measures of Interjoint Coordination Post-stroke Across Different Upper Limb Movement Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schwarz ◽  
Janne M. Veerbeek ◽  
Jeremia P. O. Held ◽  
Jaap H. Buurke ◽  
Andreas R. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Interjoint Coordination ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Median Slope

Background: Deficits in interjoint coordination, such as the inability to move out of synergy, are frequent symptoms in stroke subjects with upper limb impairments that hinder them from regaining normal motor function. Kinematic measurements allow a fine-grained assessment of movement pathologies, thereby complementing clinical scales, like the Fugl–Meyer Motor Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMMA-UE). The study goal was to investigate the effects of the performed task, the tested arm, the dominant affected hand, upper limb function, and age on spatiotemporal parameters of the elbow, shoulder, and trunk. The construct validity of the metrics was examined by relating them with each other, the FMMA-UE, and its arm section.Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study including chronic stroke patients with mild to moderate upper limb motor impairment. Kinematic measurements were taken using a wearable sensor suit while performing four movements with both upper limbs: (1) isolated shoulder flexion, (2) pointing, (3) reach-to-grasp a glass, and (4) key insertion. The kinematic parameters included the joint ranges of shoulder abduction/adduction, shoulder flexion/extension, and elbow flexion/extension; trunk displacement; shoulder–elbow correlation coefficient; median slope; and curve efficiency. The effects of the task and tested arm on the metrics were investigated using a mixed-model analysis. The validity of metrics compared to clinically measured interjoint coordination (FMMA-UE) was done by correlation analysis.Results: Twenty-six subjects were included in the analysis. The movement task and tested arm showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on all kinematic parameters. Hand dominance resulted in significant effects on shoulder flexion/extension and curve efficiency. The level of upper limb function showed influences on curve efficiency and the factor age on median slope. Relations with the FMMA-UE revealed the strongest and significant correlation for curve efficiency (r = 0.75), followed by shoulder flexion/extension (r = 0.68), elbow flexion/extension (r = 0.53), and shoulder abduction/adduction (r = 0.49). Curve efficiency additionally correlated significantly with the arm subsection, focusing on synergistic control (r = 0.59).Conclusion: The kinematic parameters of the upper limb after stroke were influenced largely by the task. These results underpin the necessity to assess different relevant functional movements close to real-world conditions rather than relying solely on clinical measures.Study Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03135093 and BASEC-ID 2016-02075.

Influence of the Sampling Rate on the Measurements of the Upper Limb Movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Toth-Taşcău ◽  
Dan Ioan Stoia ◽  
Flavia Bălănean
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Upper Limb Movements ◽  
Left And Right

The main objective of the study consists in determination of the most appropriate sampling rate of the measurements in instrumented kinematic analysis of the upper limb movements. The measuring system involved in the study is Zebris CMS-HS Measuring System, whose configuration was defined by ultrasound markers attached to specific body sites. The sampling rate interval was set from 10 to 25 Hz, according to the system’s range of frequencies. The kinematic parameters which have been analyzed are shoulder and elbow flexion-extension and shoulder abduction-adduction. A comparative kinematical analysis of the angle variations of flexion-extension and abduction-adduction in shoulder joint and flexion-extension in elbow joint was performed for both left and right upper limbs at each sampling rate.

Clinical findings in C5-C6 and C5-C7 root palsies with brachial plexus traction lesions

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bertelli ◽  
M. F. Ghizoni
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Hand Strength ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Finger Extension ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Flexion Extension

Stretch injuries of the C5-C7 roots of the brachial plexus traditionally have been associated with palsies of shoulder abduction/external rotation, elbow flexion/extension, and wrist, thumb, and finger extension. Based on current myotome maps we hypothesized that, as far as motion is concerned, palsies involving C5-C6 and C5-C7 root injuries should be similar. In 38 patients with upper-type palsies of the brachial plexus, we examined for correlations between clinical findings and root injury level, as documented by CT tomomyeloscan. Contrary to commonly held beliefs, C5-C7 root injuries were not associated with loss of extension of the elbow, wrist, thumb, or fingers, but residual hand strength was much lower with C5-C7 vs C5-C6 lesions.

Upper limb involuntary tremor reduction using cantilever beam TMDs

2022 ◽  
pp. 107754632110518
Author(s):  
Sarah Gebai ◽  
Gwendal Cumunel ◽  
Mohammad Hammoud ◽  
Gilles Foret ◽  
Emmanuel Roze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexion Extension

Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are proposed as a solution to reduce the involuntary tremor at the upper limb of a patient with postural tremor. The upper limb is modeled as a three-degrees-of-freedom rotating system in the vertical plane, with a flexion-extension motion at the joints. The measured extensor carpi radialis signal of a patient is used to excite the dynamic model. We propose a numerical methodology to optimize the parameters of the TMDs in the frequency domain combined with the response in the time domain. The objective function for the optimization of the dynamic problem is the maximum angular displacement of the wrist joint. The optimal stiffness and damping of the TMDs are obtained by satisfying the minimization of the selected objective function. The considered passive absorber is a cantilever beam–like TMD, whose length, beam cross-sectional diameter, and mass position reflect its stiffness for a chosen additional mass. A parametric study of the TMD is conducted to evaluate the effect of the TMD position along the hand segment, the number of TMDs, and the total mass of TMDs. The sensitivity of the TMD to a decrease of its modal damping ratio is studied to meet the range of stainless steel. TMDs are manufactured using stainless steel beams of the same length (9.1 cm) and cross-sectional diameter (0.79 mm), for which the mass (14.13 g) position is adjusted to match the optimal frequency. Three TMDs holding a mass of 14.13 g each cause 89% reduction in the wrist joint angular displacement.

Development of a whole arm wearable robotic exoskeleton for rehabilitation and to assist upper limb movements

Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Rahman ◽  
M. J. Rahman ◽  
O. L. Cristobal ◽  
M. Saad ◽  
J. P. Kenné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Robotic Exoskeleton ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Upper Limb Movements ◽  
Physically Disabled People

SUMMARYTo assist physically disabled people with impaired upper limb function, we have developed a new 7-DOF exoskeleton-type robot named Motion Assistive Robotic-Exoskeleton for Superior Extremity (ETS-MARSE) to ease daily upper limb movements and to provide effective rehabilitation therapy to the superior extremity. The ETS-MARSE comprises a shoulder motion support part, an elbow and forearm motion support part, and a wrist motion support part. It is designed to be worn on the lateral side of the upper limb in order to provide naturalistic movements of the shoulder (vertical and horizontal flexion/extension and internal/external rotation), elbow (flexion/extension), forearm (pronation/supination), and wrist joint (radial/ulnar deviation and flexion/extension). This paper focuses on the modeling, design, development, and control of the ETS-MARSE. Experiments were carried out with healthy male human subjects in whom trajectory tracking in the form of passive rehabilitation exercises (i.e., pre-programmed trajectories recommended by a therapist/clinician) were carried out. Experimental results show that the ETS-MARSE can efficiently perform passive rehabilitation therapy.

Muscle Strengths and Musculoskeletal Geometry of the Upper Limb

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Amis ◽  
D Dowson ◽  
V Wright
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Moment Arm ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Joint Forces

A survey of past literature has shown that there is a lack of reliable data for use in prediction of joint forces in the upper limb although this is desirable when developing joint replacements. Upper limb geometry has been analysed, leading to muscle moment arm data at the wrist and elbow. The variation of these moment arms during elbow flexion has also been examined. Analysis of the dimensions of muscles has enabled their relative strengths to be predicted, based on their ‘physiological cross-sections’. When used in conjuction with published emg data, this information will enable elbow and wrist joint forces to be estimated more realistically than has previously been possible.

scholarly journals Proprioceptive Ability of Fencing and Table Tennis Practioners

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziemowit Bańkosz ◽  
Paweł Szumielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to compare the spatial component of proprioceptive ability by reproducing a upper limb movement typical in table tennis and fencing. Methods. The research comprised 41 young males of which 12 were table tennis players, 14 fencers, and 15 not involved in any competitive sports as a control. The experiment was based on assessing the precision of pronation and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint in recreating a set movement range by use of a goniometer. Results and conclusions. The results point to a higher level of proprioceptive ability in fencers and table tennis players than the control group but only in respect to the tasks executed with the dominant limb. This is inferred to be the result from the specific character of both sports (i.e. the intensive use of one limb and the consequent laterality of that limb) causing higher sensitivity and proprioception. This may provide a link between swordplay, table tennis, and the level of proprioception. The research methodology used herein may be useful in monitoring fencing training. Although not unequivocally statistically significant, the results indicate the potential for further research in this area.

scholarly journals A prosthetic limb managed by sensors-based electronic system: Experimental results on amputees

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gaetani ◽  
R. De Fazio ◽  
G. A. Zappatore ◽  
P. Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Male Subjects

Taking the advantages offered by smart high-performance electronic devices, transradial prosthesis for upper-limb amputees was developed and tested. It is equipped with sensing devices and actuators allowing hand movements; myoelectric signals are detected by Myo armband with 8 ElectroMyoGraphic (EMG) electrodes, a 9-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module. All data are received through HM-11 BLE transceiver by Arduino board which processes them and drives actuators. Raspberry Pi board controls a touchscreen display, providing user a feedback related to prosthesis functioning and sends EMG and IMU data, gathered via the armband, to cloud platform thus allowing orthopedic during rehabilitation period, to monitor users’ improvements in real time. A GUI software integrating a machine learning algorithm was implemented for recognizing flexion/extension/rest gestures of user fingers. The algorithm performances were tested on 9 male subjects (8 able-bodied and 1 subject affected by upper-limb amelia), demonstrating high accuracy and fast responses.

scholarly journals Characterization of stroke-related upper limb motor impairments across various upper limb activities by use of kinematic core set measures

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schwarz ◽  
Miguel M. C. Bhagubai ◽  
Saskia H. G. Nies ◽  
Jeremia P. O. Held ◽  
Peter H. Veltink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract Background Upper limb kinematic assessments provide quantifiable information on qualitative movement behavior and limitations after stroke. A comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal kinematics of stroke subjects during upper limb daily living activities is lacking. Herein, kinematic expressions were investigated with respect to different movement types and impairment levels for the entire task as well as for motion subphases. Method Chronic stroke subjects with upper limb movement impairments and healthy subjects performed a set of daily living activities including gesture and grasp movements. Kinematic measures of trunk displacement, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, elbow flexion/extension, forearm pronation/supination, wrist flexion/extension, movement time, hand peak velocity, number of velocity peaks (NVP), and spectral arc length (SPARC) were extracted for the whole movement as well as the subphases of reaching distally and proximally. The effects of the factors gesture versus grasp movements, and the impairment level on the kinematics of the whole task were tested. Similarities considering the metrics expressions and relations were investigated for the subphases of reaching proximally and distally between tasks and subgroups. Results Data of 26 stroke and 5 healthy subjects were included. Gesture and grasp movements were differently expressed across subjects. Gestures were performed with larger shoulder motions besides higher peak velocity. Grasp movements were expressed by larger trunk, forearm, and wrist motions. Trunk displacement, movement time, and NVP increased and shoulder flexion/extension decreased significantly with increased impairment level. Across tasks, phases of reaching distally were comparable in terms of trunk displacement, shoulder motions and peak velocity, while reaching proximally showed comparable expressions in trunk motions. Consistent metric relations during reaching distally were found between shoulder flexion/extension, elbow flexion/extension, peak velocity, and between movement time, NVP, and SPARC. Reaching proximally revealed reproducible correlations between forearm pronation/supination and wrist flexion/extension, movement time and NVP. Conclusion Spatiotemporal differences between gestures versus grasp movements and between different impairment levels were confirmed. The consistencies of metric expressions during movement subphases across tasks can be useful for linking kinematic assessment standards and daily living measures in future research and performing task and study comparisons. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03135093. Registered 26 April 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03135093.

ISOKINETIC PROFILE OF ELBOW FLEXION/EXTENSION STRENGTH IN ELITE JUNIOR TENNIS PLAYERS

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S296
Author(s):  
T. S. ELLENBECKER ◽  
L. M. SELBY ◽  
E. P. ROETERT
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Junior Tennis
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