scholarly journals A Review on the Nanofiltration Process for Treating Wastewaters from the Petroleum Industry

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Shahryar Jafarinejad ◽  
Milad Rabbani Esfahani
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Activities and/or processes in different segments of the petroleum industry, including upstream and downstream, generate aqueous waste streams containing oil and various contaminants that require treatment/purification before release/reuse. Nanofiltration (NF) technology has been approved as an efficient technology for treating wastewater streams from the petroleum industry. The primary critical issues in an NF treatment process can be listed as mitigation of membrane fouling; selection of appropriate pre-treatment process; and selection of a suitable, cost-effective, non-hazardous cleaning strategy. In this study, NF separation mechanisms, membrane fabrication/modification, effective factors on NF performance, and fouling are briefly reviewed. Then, a summary of recent NF treatment studies on various petroleum wastewaters and performance evaluation is presented. Finally, based on the gaps identified in the field, the conclusions and future perspectives are discussed.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Conventional Methods and Electrochemical Aptasensors for Mycotoxin Detection

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Jing Yi Ong ◽  
Andrew Pike ◽  
Ling Ling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recognition Elements ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Performance

The presence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs and feedstuffs is a serious concern for human health. The detection of mycotoxins is therefore necessary as a preventive action to avoid the harmful contamination of foodstuffs and animal feed. In comparison with the considerable expense of treating contaminated foodstuffs, early detection is a cost-effective way to ensure food safety. The high affinity of bio-recognition molecules to mycotoxins has led to the development of affinity columns for sample pre-treatment and the development of biosensors for the quantitative analysis of mycotoxins. Aptamers are a very attractive class of biological receptors that are currently in great demand for the development of new biosensors. In this review, the improvement in the materials and methodology, and the working principles and performance of both conventional and recently developed methods are discussed. The key features and applications of the fundamental recognition elements, such as antibodies and aptamers are addressed. Recent advances in aptasensors that are based on different electrochemical (EC) transducers are reviewed in detail, especially from the perspective of the diagnostic mechanism; in addition, a brief introduction of some commercially available mycotoxin detection kits is provided.

An example of creating a biological filter Cyclobio with digital prototyping

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Irina Tkacheva ◽  
Nadezhda Markina ◽  
Vyacheslav Polyakhov ◽  
Liliya Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Total Ammonium ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Extruded Feed ◽  
Fish Tanks ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Purification Of Water ◽  
Main Material

It is important to note that biofilters are more cost-effective in comparison with other types of purification, which is due to the low concentration of pollutants entering fish tanks to bred objects. The best filters of this type are structures of more than four meters and with a circulating liquid, having as the main material fiberglass, little susceptible to chemical environments and the effects of microorganisms, which determines its durability and performance. The principle of operation of such a filter is based on the purification of water through a material covered with a biofilm of microbial colonies. The study was conducted to determine the algorithm for digital prototyping and designing the biofilter capacity for pseudo-liquefied sand layers. The stages of setting and solving the problem are defined. The selection of the amount of biological sand loading is described using the equation for predicting total ammonium nitrogen in the system (TAN). To process 67 kg per day of extruded feed with 56 % protein, 5 m3 of quartz sand with a D10 size of 0.1–0.3 mm is required. The technology of 3D modeling used for designing buildings, structures and equipment is described. Modeling and rendering of the biofilter capacity can be performed in the SketchUp program. The principle of selecting sand for creating pseudo-liquefied layers is described. Prospects for further application of the technology are outlined. The research results presented in the article have shown that when predicting the release of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), they help in solving problems with the conversion of fish and aquatic aquatic life products into nitrates, allowing you to select the sand layer in the required amount. Modern methods of mathematical modeling for designing for the development and use of fish-breeding equipment, which is actively used in agriculture, are proposed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the idealization of the model by conducting empirical research at the stage of meaningful modeling.

Foulant characterization of the NF membranes with and without pretreatment of biologically treated wastewater

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Shon ◽  
S. Vigneswaran ◽  
H.H. Ngo ◽  
In S. Kim ◽  
R. Ben Aim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treated Sewage Effluent ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, different pretreatment methods such as ferric chloride (FeCl3) flocculation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption were evaluated in terms of their capability in removing effluent organic matter (EfOM) and the characteristics of the foulants on the NF membranes. A detailed experiment was conducted with two NF membranes (NTR 729HF with MWCO 700 daltons and LF 10 with MWCO 200 daltons). With pretreatment, the concentration of organic matter on the membranes decreased to 5.671×10−3 (NTR 729HF) and 4.940×10−3 (LF 10) mg EfOM/cm2 of membrane from 6.372×10−3 (NTR 729HF) and 4.979×10−3 (LF 10) mg EfOM/cm2 of membrane. The MW of the solute fraction of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) ranged from 250 daltons to about 3573 (the most important being 250–520 daltons). The weight-averaged MW values of the foulants on the NTR 729HF membrane reduced from 304 daltons without pre-treatment to 208 daltons with pretreatment. In the case of EfOM, the small molecules (MW 300 to 500 daltons) are mainly responsible for the membrane fouling. Thus, the MW distribution of organic matter in the effluent and in the foulant can be used as a representative tool to evaluate the efficiency of pretreatment and NF and in the selection of their operating conditions.

scholarly journals Solar nanophotocatalytic pretreatment of seawater: process optimization and performance evaluation using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varghese Manappallil Joy ◽  
Shaik Feroz ◽  
Susmita Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
And Performance

AbstractIn reverse osmosis seawater treatment process, membrane fouling can be mitigated by degrading organic pollutants present in the feed seawater. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of employing solar photocatalysis using TiO2/ZnO/H2O2 to pretreat reverse osmosis (RO) feed seawater under solar irradiation. Process optimisation and performance evaluation were undertaken using response surface methodology-desirability function and RSM integrated with genetic algorithm (RSM-GA). Statistical analysis was performed to determine the interactive relationships and main effects of input factors such as TiO2 dosage, H2O2 dosage, pH, reaction time and ZnO dosage. The performance evaluation was determined in terms of percentage removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The obtained optimum values using RSM-GA evaluation for TOC and COD removal were found to be 76.5% and 63.9%, respectively. The predicted RSM-GA results correspond well with the experimental results (TOC removal = 73.3%, COD removal = 61.2%). Utilization of renewable solar energy coupled with optimum utilisation of nanophotocatalysts enables this technique to be a unique treatment process for RO pretreatment of seawater and membrane fouling mitigation.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF REPROMASTER DYEING MACHINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Orelaja O. A ◽  
Lasisi L. A ◽  
Abiodun O. I
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Work Concept ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

Dyeing is a process of complete colouration of textiles, and this can be achieved by the type and the extent of pre-treatment imputed to produce an excellent absorbency and whiteness. Quality dyeing depends on factors such as pH, form of textile, type of fibre, formulation of dyeing recipe, initial preparation of dye solution, liquor mixture ratio, and selection of machinery mixing speed. This research work illustrates basic design and fabrication concepts of repromaster dyeing machine and also to achieve effective implementation of the ideal technology of dyeing. This machine was designed and fabricated to carry out textile dyeing for mass production. Although selection of machine depends on type of process to be carried out, which are batch, semi-continuous or continuous dyeing process. This repromaster dyeing is a continous process machine with an excellent dye output, it is faster, require less skill to operate and cost effective. This research work concept provides some firsthand information on some basic dyeing processes. KEYWORDS: Repromaster, machine, dyeing, working principle, continuous, fibre, colouration.

Tools and Methods for Internal Pipe Coating Evaluation for Gas Transmission Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Botros ◽  
M. Piazza ◽  
D. Abayarathna
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The option of internally coating a new pipeline, or a section of an existing pipeline has emerged in recent years as competition in the energy marketplace grows more intense and coating technologies have advanced from 100% solvent-base to 100% dry-based. Internally coated pipes would mean additional capital cost, but will result in lower pressure losses, hence lower compression power, lower fuel consumption and lower emission. Therefore, there is a trade-off that needs to be assessed, which is the subject of the present paper. The present paper first provides a proposed standardized method to report the internal wall roughness parameters that could be used to compare bare vs. different coating technologies in a consistent manner. The second part of the paper focuses on evaluating the impact and performance of internal coatings on flow efficiency in energy transmission pipeline systems. A tool and methods were developed to evaluate all of the various options specific to internal pipe coating (including bare pipe option) using a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) economic tool developed for this purpose. The incremental Cumulative Present Value Cost of Service (iCPVCOS) associated with the application of the various coating technologies, as well as quantification of the relative benefits of each compared to a bare pipe, are the main outcome of the tool. This provides an impetus to sound design and selection of the most cost effective technology for internally coating the pipes, whether for new or existing pipeline systems. Examples of various scenarios involving a 2900 km pipeline coated using different internal coating technologies are discussed.

A new cost-performance grid to compare different flood modelling approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouya Hdeib ◽  
Roger Moussa ◽  
François Colin ◽  
Chadi Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Flood Modeling ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

<p>The wise selection of modeling approaches with an appropriate level of complexity for the study objectives is critical for robust inference. In this paper, the structure of a cost-performance grid designed for flood modeling is presented. The grid is developed to compare different flood modeling approaches of variable complexity and to guide on the proper selection of the couple data-model. The methodology involves defining metrics to quantify the three variables: data costs, model costs, and performance. Preliminarily, eighteen flood modeling applications in literature were arbitrarily selected and analyzed to guide on the implementation of the grid. The cost-performance diagram allows tracing a cost-performance curve and grouping applications in 4 zones corresponding to 4 modeling approaches (empirical and geomorphic, hydrological, hydraulic, and coupling). The grid is a tool to support the comparison, classification, and future selection of cost-effective modeling approaches. It is flexible and can be extrapolated to other modeling objectives.</p>

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Nanofiber Membranes for the Degradation of Micropollutants and Their Antimicrobial Activity: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Mandla B. Chabalala ◽  
Nozipho N. Gumbi ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
Mohammed Z. Al-Abri ◽  
Edward N. Nxumalo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Activity Form ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes ◽  
And Performance

This review paper systematically evaluates current progress on the development and performance of photocatalytic nanofiber membranes often used in the removal of micropollutants from water systems. It is demonstrated that nanofiber membranes serve as excellent support materials for photocatalytic nanoparticles, leading to nanofiber membranes with enhanced optical properties, as well as improved recovery, recyclability, and reusability. The tremendous performance of photocatalytic membranes is attributed to the photogenerated reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion radicals introduced by catalytic nanoparticles such as TiO2 and ZnO upon light irradiation. Hydroxyl radicals are the most reactive species responsible for most of the photodegradation processes of these unwanted pollutants. The review also demonstrates that self-cleaning and antimicrobial nanofiber membranes are useful in the removal of microbial species in water. These unique materials are also applicable in other fields such as wound dressing since the membrane allows for oxygen flow in wounds to heal while antimicrobial agents protect wounds against infections. It is demonstrated that antimicrobial activities against bacteria and photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants significantly reduce membrane fouling. Therefore, the review demonstrates that electrospun photocatalytic nanofiber membranes with antimicrobial activity form efficient cost-effective multifunctional composite materials for the removal of unwanted species in water and for use in various other applications such as filtration, adsorption and electrocatalysis.

The Underground Injection of Drilling Waste

2015 ◽  
pp. 400-437
Author(s):  
Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Underground Injection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Selection Of

The major oilfield processes that can influence the environment are drilling and production. Different materials are used in both processes, and waste is generated. Some of this waste can have significantly harmful effects on the environment; thus, it is necessary to responsibly manage created waste. In virtually all cases, harmful effects can be minimized or eliminated through the implementation of proper waste management. The selection of the method to manage Exploration and Production (E&P) waste depends on laws and regulations, the ecosystem of the location where the operations take place, and the cost-effectiveness of the selected procedures. The most widely used method for the disposal of most petroleum industry waste is underground injection, which enables the permanent disposal of waste slurry by injecting it into a suitable subsurface disposal zone. Performing underground waste injection in a safe, cost-effective manner requires experience, skill, and resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document