scholarly journals Effect of Exposure Time on Thermal Behaviour: A Psychophysiological Approach

Signals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-885
Author(s):  
Bilge Kobas ◽  
Sebastian Clark Koth ◽  
Kizito Nkurikiyeyezu ◽  
Giorgos Giannakakis ◽  
Thomas Auer
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conductance Level

This paper presents the findings of a 6-week long, five-participant experiment in a controlled climate chamber. The experiment was designed to understand the effect of time on thermal behaviour, electrodermal activity (EDA) and the adaptive behavior of occupants in response to a thermal non-uniform indoor environment were continuously logged. The results of the 150 h-long longitudinal study suggested a significant difference in tonic EDA levels between “morning” and “afternoon” clusters although the environmental parameters were the same, suggesting a change in the human body’s thermal reception over time. The correlation of the EDA and temperature was greater for the afternoon cluster (r = 0.449, p < 0.001) in relation to the morning cluster (r = 0.332, p < 0.001). These findings showed a strong temporal dependency of the skin conductance level of the EDA to the operative temperature, following the person’s circadian rhythm. Even further, based on the person’s chronotype, the beginning of the “afternoon” cluster was observed to have shifted according to the person’s circadian rhythm. Furthermore, the study is able to show how the body reacts differently under the same PMV values, both within and between subjects; pointing to the lack of temporal parameter in the PMV model.

Emotional processing and the autonomic nervous system: a comprehensive meta-analytic investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Pedro Chaves ◽  
Nuno Dias ◽  
Patrício Costa ◽  
Pedro Rocha Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Conductance Level

Background: The search for autonomic correlates of emotional processing has been a matter of interest for the scientific community with the goal of identifying the physiological basis of emotion. Despite an extensive state-of-the-art exploring the correlates of emotion, there is no absolute consensus regarding how the body processes an affective state.Objectives: In this work, we aimed to aggregate the literature of psychophysiological studies in the context of emotional induction. Methods: For this purpose, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analytic investigation, comparing different measures from the electrodermal, cardiovascular, respiratory and facial systems across emotional categories/dimensions. Two-hundred and ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were quantitatively pooled in random-effects meta-analytic modelling. Results: Heart rate and skin conductance level were the most reported psychophysiological measures. Overall, there was a negligible differentiation between emotional categories with respect to the pooled estimates. Of note, considerable amount of between-studies’ heterogeneity was found in the meta-analytic aggregation. Self-reported ratings of emotional arousal were found to be associated with specific autonomic-nervous system (ANS) indices, particularly with the variation of the skin conductance level. Conclusions: Despite this clear association, there is still a considerable amount of unexplained variability that raises the need for more fine-grained analysis to be implemented in future research in this field.

scholarly journals Affective Synchrony and Autonomic Coupling during Cooperation: A Hyperscanning Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elide Vanutelli ◽  
Laura Gatti ◽  
Laura Angioletti ◽  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Social Dynamic ◽  
Conductance Level

Previous research highlighted that during social interactions people shape each other’s emotional states by resonance mechanisms and synchronized autonomic patterns. Starting from the idea that joint actions create shared emotional experiences, in the present study a social bond was experimentally induced by making subjects cooperate with each other. Participants’ autonomic system activity (electrodermal: skin conductance level and response: SCL, SCR; cardiovascular indices: heart rate: HR) was continuously monitored during an attentional couple game. The cooperative motivation was induced by presenting feedback which reinforced the positive outcomes of the intersubjective exchange. 24 participants coupled in 12 dyads were recruited. Intrasubject analyses revealed higher HR in the first part of the task, connoted by increased cognitive demand and arousing social dynamic, while intersubject analysis showed increased synchrony in electrodermal activity after the feedback. Such results encourage the use of hyperscanning techniques to assess emotional coupling in ecological and real-time paradigms.

Gender Differences in Psychophysiological Responses to Disgust

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Henrik Hopp ◽  
Markus Quirin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin ◽  
Conductance Level

Several studies have revealed that women report stronger feelings of disgust than men ( Gross & Levenson, 1995 ; Schienle, Schäfer, Stark, Walter, & Vaitl, 2005 ). However, the extent to which this gender difference also influences physiological disgust responses remains an open question. In Experiment 1, 54 female and 41 male participants were exposed to slides of different disgust-content. In Experiment 2, 47 women and 53 men watched two film clips showing hygiene-related or food-related disgust stimuli, respectively. Differences between males and females in reported and physiological disgust responses (heart rate, electrodermal activity, salivary cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A) were tested by analysis of variance. Replicating previous studies, women reported stronger feelings of disgust than men across all disgust inductions. Additionally, in Study 1, women showed a higher increase in skin conductance level than men. In conclusion, gender moderates subjective responses to disgust, whereas physiological disgust responses are only marginally moderated by gender. Gender stereotypes as an explanation for the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Morphology and Histology on Papuan Jellyfish Mastigias papua in Kakaban Lake and Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Nurasmi Nurasmi ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Awaludin Awaludin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histological Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Jellyfish are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. Mastigias papua is a jellyfish from the Scyphozoa class. This study investigates differences in environmental parameters, morphology, and shape of nematocyte cells using the histological method with (SEM) Scanning Electron Microscopy on M. papua jellyfish Kakaban Lake and Sea. Environmental parameters in Kakaban Lake and Kakaban Sea were measured for salinity, temperature, and pH. The t-test analysis results showed significant differences in environmental parameters in Kakaban Lake and Kakaban Sea (p < 0.05). Body diameter and length of jellyfish tentacles were measured and analyzed using SPSS 16 with a t-test. The t-test analysis showed that for M. papua jellyfish in Kakaban Lake and jellyfish in the Kakaban Sea showed a significant difference in the diameter and length of the body tentacles (p < 0.05). The SEM results of jellyfish in the Kakaban Sea showed that the tentacles of M. papua in the Kakaban Sea had nematocytes consisting of three forms, namely microbasic isorhiza, atrichouz isorhiza, and merotrichous isorhiza. M. papua in Kakaban Lake has nematocyst cells, which comprise of one type, namely Microbasic mastigophoran, where the number of nematocytes is minimal and has a smaller size than the Papuan Mastigias jellyfish that live in the Kakaban Sea. Nemeatocyte cells are stinging cells in jellyfish. SEM results show that the jellyfish in Kakaban Lake cannot sting because the size of the jellyfish tentacles is reduced to smaller, fewer nematocyte cells and different shape nematocytes. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there are differences in environmental parameters, body dimensions, tentacle length, and the size and number of nematocytes between M. papua jellyfish in Dunau and in the Kakaban Sea.

The effect of temporal lobe surgery on electrodermal activity: implications for an organic hypothesis in the aetiology of schizophrenia

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Toone ◽  
E. Cooke ◽  
M. H. Lader
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Conductance Level

SynopsisIt has recently been suggested that the bilateral asymmetry of electrodermal activity (EDA) reported in schizophrenia may be related to unilateral temporal lobe dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, 3 aspects of EDA – skin conductance level (SCL), number of spontaneous fluctuations (SF), and skin conductance response (SCR) – were measured bilaterally in 10 patients who had undergone unilateral temporal lobectomy. No differences could be detected between the operated and non-operated sides within the patient group, nor between the patient and control groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Multiple measures of hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia and depression

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conductance Level

SYNOPSISElectrodermal, electroencephalographic and perceptual measures of lateral hemispheric function were obtained from groups of chronic schizophrenics, depressives and normals on 2 occasions, separated by 4 weeks. The measures of hemispheric function were derived from previous research. About half of the schizophrenics were medicated on both occasions; the other schizophrenics underwent drug ‘washout’ before the first session. Results revealed that the measures of laterality were not strongly intercorrelated. In the perceptual task, the schizophrenics and normals displayed different laterality effects. Unlike the normals, the schizophrenics' left hemisphere function appeared to be inferior to the right hemisphere function in the perceptual task. The laterality effects of the depressives and normals differed on two electrodermal measures: skin conductance level and skin conductance response amplitude. The depressives' electrodermal activity from the right hand was diminished as compared with the left hand; the normals did not show this effect. Medication decreased electrodermal activity in the schizophrenics, but had no significant effect on laterality. These results suggest that the various measures of laterality used singly in previous research in psychopathology may not all assess the same phenomenon.

TREATMENT OF ODONTOGENIC PHLEGMONS IN PATIENTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE BIORITHM OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1346-1348
Author(s):  
David S. Avetikov ◽  
Vitaliy O. Lychman ◽  
Kateryna P. Lokes ◽  
Dmitriy V. Steblovsky ◽  
Valeriy V. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim: Of our study was to establish how the biological rhythm of human affects the reparative functions of the body in terms of odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial localization. Materials and methods: The research was conducted on the basis of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery on the basis of «Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital. M.V. Sklifosovsky». A total of 40 patients with odontogenic phlegmons of maxillofacial localization. Results: On the first day of the study, the indicators of the clinical condition of patients did not have a significant difference in all study groups. On the 3rd day of all studied groups, the number of points probably decreased compared to the first day of the study by 22.5%, 23.1%, 23.7%, 22.7%, respectively. On day 5, we have observed a significant difference between the previous results in all groups: 1a - 26.6%, 1b - 23.8%, 2a - 23.9%, 2b - 24.0%. Conclusions: The most effective treatment results were observed in patients of the morning chronotype who underwent surgery in the morning. Thus, the influence of the morning chronotype of the circadian rhythm on the course of reparative processes is manifested in the later stages of reparative regeneration.

Defense Mechanism Test and Electrodermal Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Bogren ◽  
Inga-Britt Bogren ◽  
Lars-Håkan Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Model Situation ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Conductance Level

Electrodermal activity was registered during examination with the Defense Mechanism Test of 21 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder, affective disorder, or schizophrenic disorder. The test can be interpreted as a model situation of how a person defends himself against a threat to avoid anxiety. We used Andersson's modified version of the test and tested the hypothesis that electrodermal activity should increase when there were responses categorised as Anxiety and decrease when there were responses categorised as defences or when the threat was correctly identified. We found significant increase in all electrodermal variables in connection with responses categorised as Anxiety. After exposures with responses categorised as Isolation, the maximal skin conductance level and the magnitude of late nonspecific responses were significantly decreased. After exposures when the threat was identified and thus no longer subliminal, the electrodermal activity was significantly decreased. All these findings support our hypothesis. After exposures with responses categorised as Denial all electrodermal variables were significantly increased. Similarly in responses categorised as Repression, Introaggression, and Disavowal or denial of hero's sex the frequency of late nonspecific responses were significantly increased. The increased electrodermal activity could be due to insufficient defence strategies as categorised in the Defense Mechanism Test.

Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression: An Experimental Study with Aggressive Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Stadler ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Sibylle Steuber ◽  
Fritz Poustka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conduct Disordered ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Conductance Level

In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point-visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants’ aggressive behaviour and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent’s level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. These results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children.

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