Sex Workers’ Access to Police Assistance in Safety Emergencies and Means of Escape from Situations of Violence and Confinement under an “End Demand” Criminalization Model: A Five City Study in Canada

There is limited available evidence on sex workers (SW) ability to access police protection or means of escaping situations of violence and confinement under an “end demand” criminalization model. Of 200 SW in five cities in Canada, 62 (31.0%) reported being unable to call 911 if they or another SW were in a safety emergency due to fear of police detection (of themselves, their colleagues or their management). In multivariate logistic regression, police harassment–linked to social and racial profiling in the past 12 months (being carded or asked for ID documents, followed by police or detained without arrest) (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 5.225, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.199–12.417), being Indigenous (AOR: 2.078, 95% CI: 0.849–5.084) or being in Ottawa (AOR: 2.317, 95% CI: 0.865–6.209) were associated with higher odds of being unable to call 911, while older age was associated with lower odds (AOR: 0.941 per year older, 95% CI: 0.901–0.982). In descriptive statistics, of 115 SW who had experienced violence or confinement at work in the past 12 months, 19 (16.52%) reported the incident to police. Other sex workers with shared expenses were the most commonly reported group to have assisted sex workers to escape situations of violence or confinement in the past 12 months (n = 13, 35.14%). One of the least commonly reported groups to have assisted sex workers to escape situations of violence or confinement in the past 12 months were police (n = 2, 5.41%). The findings of this study illustrate how the current “end demand” criminalization framework compromises sex workers’ access to assistance in safety emergencies.

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Honoring Preferences—The Consistency Between End-of-Life Care and a Veteran’s Goal for Comfort Care

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 752-752

Author(s):

Joan Carpenter ◽

Winifred Scott ◽

Mary Ersek ◽

Cari Levy ◽

Jennifer Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

End Of Life ◽

End Of Life Care ◽

Life Care ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Comfort Care ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Medicare Data ◽

Life Sustaining Treatment

Abstract This study examined the alignment between Veterans’ end-of-life care and a Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) goal “to be comfortable.” It includes Veterans with VA inpatient or community living center stays overlapping July 2018--January 2019, with a LST template documented by January 31, 2019, and who died by April 30, 2019 (N = 18,163). Using VA and Medicare data, we found 80% of decedents with a comfort care goal received hospice and 57% a palliative care consult (compared to 57% and 46%, respectively, of decedents without a comfort care goal). Using multivariate logistic regression, a comfort care goal was associated with significantly lower odds of EOL hospital or ICU use. In the last 30 days of life, Veterans with a comfort care goal had 43% lower odds (AOR 0.57; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.64) of hospitalization and 46% lower odds of ICU use (AOR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.61).

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Evaluating psychiatrists’ attitudes and expectations about pharmacists’ role in psychiatry in Jordan

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research ◽

10.1093/jphsr/rmab007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Derar H Abdel-Qader ◽

Esraa E Al Jomaa ◽

Jennifer Silverthorne ◽

Walid Shnaigat ◽

Salim Hamadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Response Rate ◽

Psychotropic Medications ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Current Role ◽

Electronic Survey ◽

Survey Response Rate

Abstract Objectives Evaluating Jordanian pharmacists’ roles in psychiatry from psychiatrists perspective. Methods An electronic survey was sent to 100 psychiatrists registered in the Jordanian Psychiatrists Association. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Key findings A total of 80 psychiatrists completed the survey (response rate 80%). Most psychiatrists thought that pharmacists are unable to give individuals with mental illness enough time to discuss their medications (62/80, 77.6%) and to monitor psychotropic medications (PM) efficacy (50/80, 62.6%). Around half of respondents thought that, in the future, pharmacists would not be able to suggest PM for patients (42/80, 52.6%), nor changes in PM dosages (37/80, 46.3%). Most psychiatrists emphasized the importance of psychiatric courses to improve pharmacists’ role. Conclusion Although psychiatrists were generally not satisfied with the current role of pharmacists, they had positive expectations about pharmacists’ competency to do certain activities and to assist them in designing drug therapy plans.

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Clinical and Genomic Factors Are Predictive of Response and Prognostic of Progression-Free Survival in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Treated with Ibrutinib

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2019-125069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 2823-2823

Author(s):

Jorge J. Castillo ◽

Joshua Gustine ◽

Maria Demos ◽

Andrew Keezer ◽

Kirsten Meid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Research Funding ◽

Regression Models ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Free Survival ◽

Lower Odds

Introduction: The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib is the only FDA approved therapy for the treatment of symptomatic Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), and has been associated with high response rates and durable progression-free survival (PFS). Factors associated with depth of response and PFS duration are not well established. We performed a retrospective study aimed at identifying predictive and prognostic factors in WM patients treated with ibrutinib. Methods: We included consecutive patients with a diagnosis of WM treated with ibrutinib monotherapy evaluated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute since January 2012 through March 2019. Patients with Bing-Neel syndrome (WM involving the central nervous system) were excluded. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were gathered. MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations were assessed using polymerase chain reaction assays and Sanger sequencing. Responses at 6 months were assessed using criteria from IWWM3. PFS was defined as the time from ibrutinib initiation until last follow-up, death or progression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted for partial response (PR) and very good partial response (VGPR) at 6 months, and Cox proportional-hazard regression models were fitted for PFS. Results: A total of 252 patients were included in our analysis. Selected baseline characteristics include: age ≥65 years (60%), hemoglobin <11.5 g/dl (68%), platelet count <100 K/uL (12%), albumin <3.5 g/dl (39%), b2-microglobulin ≥3 mg/l (70%), serum IgM level ≥7,000 mg/dl (6%), bone marrow involvement ≥60% (54%), previously untreated for WM (33%), time to ibrutinib <3 years (46%). MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutations were detected in 98% and 38% of patients, respectively. At 6 months, 71% of patients obtained PR, and 17% VGPR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed higher odds of PR at 6 months for hemoglobin <11.5 g/dl (78% vs. 56%; OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-6.9; p=0.03) and serum albumin <3.5 g/dl (90% vs. 66%; OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0-10; p=0.045), while CXCR4 mutations associated with lower odds (44% vs. 82%; OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06-0.37; p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed higher odds of VGPR at 6 months for b2-microglobulin ≥3 mg/l (21% vs. 3%; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-10; p=0.04) and lower odds for serum IgM level ≥4,000 mg/dl (9% vs. 23%; OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8; p=0.02). The median follow-up was 30 months, and the median PFS has not yet been reached. The 5-year PFS rate was 60% (95% CI 48-69%). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, worse outcomes were seen with CXCR4 mutations (5-year PFS: 45% vs. 71%; HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.8; p=0.004) and serum albumin <3.5 g/dl (5-year PFS: 36% vs. 68%; HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.5; p=0.007). A novel PFS risk score was designed using CXCR4 mutational status and serum albumin (Figure), which divided patients into 3 distinct groups: low risk (no risk factors: 43%; 5-year PFS 81%), intermediate risk (1 risk factor: 46%; 5-year PFS 51%) and high risk (2 risk factors: 11%; median PFS 25 months). The PFS difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The PFS risk score showed consistent results when evaluating previously treated and untreated patients, as well as patients on and off clinical trials. Conclusion: Serum albumin and CXCR4 mutations emerge as important factors predictive of PR at 6 months and also prognostic of PFS in WM patients treated with ibrutinib. A novel PFS stratification tool that separates patients into 3 risk groups was established and would need further validation. Figure Disclosures Castillo: Abbvie: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Beigene: Consultancy, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding. Hunter:Janssen: Consultancy. Treon:Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy.

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Development and Validation of a Dynamic Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Neonatal White Matter Damage

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2020.584236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Wenjun Cao ◽

Chenghan Luo ◽

Mengyuan Lei ◽

Min Shen ◽

Wenqian Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

White Matter ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Risk Prediction ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Risk Prediction Model ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

White Matter Damage ◽

Web Based

PurposeWhite matter damage (WMD) was defined as the appearance of rough and uneven echo enhancement in the white matter around the ventricle. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for neonatal WMD.Materials and MethodsWe collected data for 1,733 infants hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2020. Infants were randomly assigned to training (n = 1,216) or validation (n = 517) cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to establish a risk prediction model and web-based risk calculator based on the training cohort data. The predictive accuracy of the model was verified in the validation cohort.ResultsWe identified four variables as independent risk factors for brain WMD in neonates by multivariate logistic regression and LASSO analysis, including gestational age, fetal distress, prelabor rupture of membranes, and use of corticosteroids. These were used to establish a risk prediction nomogram and web-based calculator (https://caowenjun.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/). The C-index of the training and validation sets was 0.898 (95% confidence interval: 0.8745–0.9215) and 0.887 (95% confidence interval: 0.8478–0.9262), respectively. Decision tree analysis showed that the model was highly effective in the threshold range of 1–61%. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 82.5 and 81.7%, respectively, and the cutoff value was 0.099.ConclusionThis is the first study describing the use of a nomogram and web-based calculator to predict the risk of WMD in neonates. The web-based calculator increases the applicability of the predictive model and is a convenient tool for doctors at primary hospitals and outpatient clinics, family doctors, and even parents to identify high-risk births early on and implementing appropriate interventions while avoiding excessive treatment of low-risk patients.

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Adolescent males’ responses to blu’s fake warnings

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054805 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (e2) ◽

pp. e151-e153

Author(s):

Brittney Keller-Hamilton ◽

Megan E Roberts ◽

Michael D Slater ◽

Micah Berman ◽

Amy K Ferketich

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Health Risks ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Adolescent Males ◽

Advertising Campaign ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Warning Message ◽

The Usa

ObjectiveBlu’s ‘Something Better’ advertising campaign ran in popular print magazines in 2017. The campaign included advertisements with fake warnings conveying positive messages, which mimicked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s warning requirements for electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements that took effect in 2018. We report adolescent males’ recall of these fake warnings and how exposure to fake warnings affected recall of other advertisement components, including the actual warning or health risks, brand and product.MethodsOhio males ages 12–19 years (N = 775; 73.8 % white non-Hispanic) were randomly assigned to view an e-cigarette advertisement with or without a fake warning. Afterward, they were asked what they remembered most about the advertisement. Responses were qualitatively coded. Statistical analyses included survey-weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsOf participants who viewed an e-cigarette advertisement with a fake warning, 27.0 % reported the fake warning was what they remembered most, and 18.8 % repeated the fake warning message. Participants viewing advertisements with a fake warning had lower odds of recalling the actual warning or health risks (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.77) or brand (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.85), compared with participants viewing other e-cigarette advertisements.ConclusionsAdolescents viewing an advertisement with a fake warning were less likely to recall the advertisement’s actual warning or health risks. Although e-cigarette advertisements now carry large FDA-mandated warnings, this tactic could be used for cigarette advertisements that continue to carry small warnings in the USA. Findings underscore the necessity of tobacco advertisement surveillance and study of advertisements’ effects on adolescents.

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Avoiding DWI among Bar-room Drinkers: Strategies and Predictors

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/sart.s5414 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. SART.S5414

Author(s):

Barry D. Caudill ◽

John W. Rogers ◽

Jan Howard ◽

Kevin C. Frissell ◽

Wayne M. Harding

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Marital Status ◽

Avoidance Behavior ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Lower Odds ◽

The Past ◽

Avoidance Behaviors ◽

Heavy Drinkers ◽

Avoidance Strategies ◽

Time Average

We examined the prevalence and predictors of 11strategies to avoid driving when feeling intoxicated among 561 bar-room patrons in two medium-sized Maryland communities. Logistic regression analyses identified demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal predictors of avoidance strategies and interactions among predictors. Overall, 89% reported one or more DWI avoidance actions in the past year, and 38% reported driving intoxicated during that time. Average frequencies of avoidance behavior and intoxicated driving increased significantly as drinking level increased. However, the higher the drinking level, the smaller the ratio of avoidance actions to DWI experiences, highlighting the vulnerability of heavy drinkers who had driven intoxicated. Using a sober driver or one who allegedly drank less than the respondent were the most popular and frequent strategies, but paying for a cab, walking, and using a bus or free cab were relatively unpopular. Higher drinking levels predicted significantly higher odds of using avoidance approaches, as did intoxicated driving. Confidence in driving safely when intoxicated was positively related to drinking level and intoxicated driving, but it tended to predict lower odds of avoidance actions. Similarly, marital status, age, gender, and location influenced the odds of avoidance behaviors. Interventions should be strategically tailored to exploit or counter drinker predilections among avoidance options.

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Awareness and Its Associated Factors of Obstetrics Fistula among Antenatal Care Attendees in Injibara Town Health Institutions, Awi Zone, North West, Ethiopia, 2019

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2020/7306108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wondu Feyisa Balcha ◽

Azezu Asres Nigussie ◽

Fentahun Yenealem Beyene ◽

Azimeraw Arega Tesfu

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Obstetric Fistula ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Health Institution

Background. Obstetric fistula is abnormal passageway between the vagina and bladder or rectum, and it has the most devastating effects on physical, social, and economic levels and represents a major public health issue of thousands of women, which failed to provide accessible and appropriate intrapartum care for women within a developing country, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, we tried to assess the awareness and its associated factors of obstetrics fistula among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinics. Methods. A health institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 4 to 29/2019 among 413 pregnant women. Data was collected by a systematic random sampling technique and entered into a computer using Epi data 3.5, edited and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences 23.0 version. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and p value of less than 0.05 considered statically significant. Result. This study identified that 39.5% with 95% confidence interval (34.6-44.6%) of pregnant women had good awareness about obstetrics fistula. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that living in urban [AOR=1.98, 95% CI=1.07−3.69], attending formal education [AOR=2.11, 95% CI=1.06−4.12], having history antenatal care [AOR=3.87, 95% CI=1.60−9.68], and childbirth at health institution [AOR=7.10, 95% CI=2.52−2.02] were significantly associated with awareness of obstetrics fistula. Conclusion and recommendation. This study showed that awareness of obstetrics fistula was low. Residency, education, and occupation of the women, having history of antenatal care and childbirth at health institution was significantly associated with awareness of obstetrics fistula. Still, there is a gap on awareness of obstetrics fistula; therefore, it is good to emphasize on providing information on maternal health care issues, particularly about obstetrics fistula.

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HIV infection among young men who have sex with men in China: comparison of risks among students and non-students

10.21203/rs.2.12321/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Wu ◽

Zihuang Chen ◽

Fei Yu ◽

Youran Xu ◽

Yue Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Young Men ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has been drastically increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China over the past decade. More so, the number of HIV infections among young adults in the country has also been on the rise, highlighting a unique sub-population, which may lead to increased incidence and transmission of the disease. This study aimed to determine the HIV infection rate amongst student and non-student young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in three regions in China and factors associated with their HIV infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 September to 6 September 2017 in Beijing, Sichuan, and Guangzhou). Participants were recruited through a popular Chinese gay social networking application, as well as several college-based youth associations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with HIV infection. Results The HIV infection rate among non-student YMSM was significantly higher than that of student YMSM (10.3% versus 5.3%, χ2trend=17.34, P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that YMSM self-identifying as homosexual (AOR=2.81, 95%CI=1.40-5.66, P=0.004) and perceived themselves at risk for HIV (AOR=3.08, 95:CI:1.33-7.15, P=0.009) had a 3 times increased odds of being HIV positive. Additionally, participants whom reported not always using condoms with sex partners in the past six months (AOR=1.69, 95%CI=1.17-2.44, P=0.006) were at increased odds of HIV infection. Conclusions Young men who have sex with men, particularly those identifying as homosexual and not always using condoms during intercourse, are at increased odds of HIV infection in China. Promoting comprehensive sexual education to youth and other measures aimed at improving HIV knowledge could help control HIV transmission among this key sub-population.

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Abstract TMP90: Trends in Tracheostomy after Stroke: Analysis of the 1993-2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp90 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhinaba Chatterjee ◽

Gino Gialdini ◽

Santosh Murthy ◽

Hooman Kamel ◽

Alexander E Merkler

Keyword(s):

Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Severe Stroke ◽

The Past ◽

Exact Confidence Intervals ◽

The Mean ◽

Stroke Type ◽

Procedure Codes

Background: Tracheostomy is a potentially life-sustaining procedure for patients with severe stroke, yet trends in its use are not well known. Methods: Patients presenting with ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were identified from the 1993 to 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample using previously validated ICD-9-CM codes. Our outcome was tracheostomy, also defined using previously validated procedure codes. Survey weights and descriptive statistics with exact confidence intervals [CI] were used to report rates of tracheostomy, stratified by stroke type. In a secondary analysis, we used multivariate logistic regression to assess rates of tracheostomy stratified by age, race, and sex. Results: From 1993-2013, 13,729,365 patients (95% CI, 13,103,569-14,355,160) were hospitalized in the U.S. with IS, ICH, or SAH. Among these patients, 230,555 (1.7%; 95% CI, 1.6-1.8%) received a tracheostomy. The mean age of patients undergoing tracheostomy was 58.9 (±19.8) years. Rates of tracheostomy use were 1.1% (95% CI, 1.0-1.5%) after IS, 3.8% (95% CI, 3.6-4.0%) after ICH, and 6.2% (95% CI, 5.8-6.6%) after SAH. Tracheostomy was more common in men (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.30-1.35), non-whites (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 2.00-2.09), and those ≤60 years of age (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.30-2.37). The overall rate of tracheostomy use after any type of stroke increased from 1.2% in 1993 to 2.0% in 2013 (p <0.001). This trend was more pronounced in patients with ICH and SAH than in patients with IS (Figure 1). Tracheostomy use increased annually by 0.9% (p <0.001) among patients ≤60 years of age versus 1.7% (p <0.001) among patients >60 years of age, and by 2.7% (p <0.001) among men versus 0.02% (p <0.05) among women. Conclusion: Over the past two decades, the use of tracheostomy appears to be increasing among patients admitted with stroke.

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Abstract 112: Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Before and After the Implementation of the Act on Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment; The Well-Dying Law

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.140.suppl_2.112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Minjung K Chae ◽

Chae-Won Jeong ◽

Sung Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Life Support ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Lower Survival ◽

Before And After ◽

Life Sustaining Treatment ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Objective: The act on decisions on life-sustaining treatment; the well-dying law(WDL) was implemented in Korea since February of 2018 so that a patient may cease with dignity in his or her death bed. However in the contrary, we have observed increase of in-hospital cardiac arrest patients resulting in poor outcomes due to strict regulations of withdrawal of life support. The objective of this study is to analyze the survival of in-hospital cardiac arrest patients before and after implementation of the WDL. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our in-hospital cardiac arrest data registry from our in-hospital cardiac arrest committee and electronic medical records. Baseline characteristics, cardiac arrest variables and cardiac arrest outcomes were compared before and after the implementation of the WDL. Multivariate logistic regression was done to analyze the association of the implementation of the WDL and return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) of in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Results: There were 183 patients before and 346 patients after the implementation of the WDL. ROSC (158[45.7%] vs. 115[62.8%]), 24 hour survival (60[17.3%] vs. 53[29.0%]) and survival discharge (29[8.4%] vs. 25[13.7%]) was lower in the after period versus the before period. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis implementation of the WDL was associated with lower ROSC (Odds ratio 0.56, 95% Confidence interval 0.37-0.85, p<0.01) and lower survival at 24 hours (Odds ratio 0.53, 95% Confidence interval 0.31-0.93, p=0.03). Conclusion: Implementation of the WDL was associated with lower ROSC and lower survival at 24 hours in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

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