scholarly journals Study on Soil Water and Heat Transport Characteristic Responses to Land Use Change in Sanjiang Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Zuo ◽  
Yuedong Guo ◽  
Changchun Song ◽  
Shaofei Jin ◽  
Tianhua Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Transport Characteristic

Water and heat transport is the focus of hydrological research in seasonal frost areas. Considering Sanjiang Plain as the study area, this study explored the influence of land use change on soil water and heat transport and the future trend of surface water and heat transport. The effects of land use change on soil water and heat transport were revealed using observation data from the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from the period of May 2016 to May 2017. The analysis found evident changes in the water and heat status of different land use types. During conversion from uplands to paddy fields, the surface soil moisture content increased, evapotranspiration increased by approximately 20%, surface infiltration decreased by about 50%, and surface heat flux increased. In a future climate change scenario, the change trend of soil water and heat condition was roughly consistent with the present situation, and the proportion of evapotranspiration of upland and paddy fields in precipitation decreased to 40% and 55%, respectively. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of land and water resources in Sanjiang Plain.

scholarly journals Ecological and Environmental Effects of Estuarine Wetland Loss Using Keyhole and Landsat Data in Liao River Delta, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Hongyan Yin ◽  
Yuanman Hu ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Jiujun Lv
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Wetland Loss ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Estuarine Wetland

An estuarine wetland is an area of high ecological productivity and biodiversity, and it is also an anthropic activity hotspot area, which is of concern. The wetlands in estuarine areas have suffered declines, which have had remarkable ecological impacts. The land use changes, especially wetland loss, were studied based on Keyhole and Landsat images in the Liao River delta from 1962 to 2016. The dynamics of the ecosystem service values (ESVs), suitable habitat for birds, and soil heavy metal potential ecological risk were chosen to estimate the ecological effects with the benefit transfer method, synthetic overlaying method, and potential ecological risk index (RI) method, respectively. The driving factors of land use change and ecological effects were analyzed with redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the built-up area increased from 95.98 km2 in 1962 to 591.49 km2 in 2016, and this large change was followed by changes in paddy fields (1351.30 to 1522.39 km2) and dry farmland (189.5 to 294.14 km2). The area of wetlands declined from 1823.16 km2 in 1962 to 1153.52 km2 in 2016, and this change was followed by a decrease in the water area (546.2 to 428.96 km2). The land use change was characterized by increasing built-up (516.25%), paddy fields (12.66%) and dry farmland (55.22%) areas and a decline in the wetland (36.73%) and water areas (21.47%) from 1962–2016. Wetlands decreased by 669.64 km2. The ESV values declined from 6.24 billion US$ to 4.46 billion US$ from 1962 to 2016, which means the ESVs were reduced by 19.26% due to wetlands being cultivated and the urbanization process. The area of suitable habitat for birds decreased by 1449.49 km2, or 61.42% of the total area available in 1962. Cd was the primary soil heavy metal pollutant based on its concentration, accumulation, and potential ecological risk contribution. The RDA showed that the driving factors of comprehensive ecological effects include wetland area, Cd and Cr concentration, river and oil well distributions. This study provides a comprehensive approach for estuarine wetland cultivation and scientific support for wetland conservation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of soil organic carbon in the steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan under past and future climate and land use

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rolinski ◽  
Alexander V. Prishchepov ◽  
Georg Guggenberger ◽  
Norbert Bischoff ◽  
Irina Kurganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChanges in land use and climate are the main drivers of change in soil organic matter contents. We investigated the impact of the largest policy-induced land conversion to arable land, the Virgin Lands Campaign (VLC), from 1954 to 1963, of the massive cropland abandonment after 1990 and of climate change on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan. We simulated carbon budgets from the pre-VLC period (1900) until 2100 using a dynamic vegetation model to assess the impacts of observed land-use change as well as future climate and land-use change scenarios. The simulations suggest for the entire VLC region (266 million hectares) that the historic cropland expansion resulted in emissions of 1.6⋅ 1015 g (= 1.6 Pg) carbon between 1950 and 1965 compared to 0.6 Pg in a scenario without the expansion. From 1990 to 2100, climate change alone is projected to cause emissions of about 1.8 (± 1.1) Pg carbon. Hypothetical recultivation of the cropland that has been abandoned after the fall of the Soviet Union until 2050 may cause emissions of 3.5 (± 0.9) Pg carbon until 2100, whereas the abandonment of all cropland until 2050 would lead to sequestration of 1.8 (± 1.2) Pg carbon. For the climate scenarios based on SRES (Special Report on Emission Scenarios) emission pathways, SOC declined only moderately for constant land use but substantially with further cropland expansion. The variation of SOC in response to the climate scenarios was smaller than that in response to the land-use scenarios. This suggests that the effects of land-use change on SOC dynamics may become as relevant as those of future climate change in the Eurasian steppes.

scholarly journals Assessment on the rates and potentials of soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural lands in Japan using a process-based model and spatially explicit land-use change inventories – Part 1: Historical trend and validation based on nation-wide soil monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4429-4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yagasaki ◽  
Y. Shirato
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Stock Change ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. In order to estimate a country-scale soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in agricultural lands in Japan, while taking into account the effect of land-use changes, climate, different agricultural activities and the nature of soils, a spatially explicit model simulation system was developed using Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) with an integration of spatial and temporal inventories. Simulation was run from 1970 to 2008 with historical inventories. Simulated SOC stock was compared with observations in a nation-wide stationary monitoring program conducted during 1979–1998. Historical land-use change, characterized by a large decline in the area of paddy fields as well as a small but continuous decline in the area of orchards, occurred along with a relatively large increase in upland crop fields, unmanaged grasslands, and settlements (i.e. conversion of agricultural fields due to urbanization or abandoning). Results of the simulation on SOC stock change under varying land-use change indicated that land-use conversion from agricultural fields to settlements or other lands, as well as that from paddy fields to croplands have likely been an increasing source of CO2 emission, due to the reduction of organic carbon input to soils and the enhancement of SOC decomposition through transition of soil environment from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The area-weighted mean concentrations of the simulated SOC stocks calculated for major soil groups under paddy fields and upland crop fields were comparable to those observed in the monitoring. Whereas in orchards, the simulated SOC stocks were underestimated. As the results of simulation indicated that SOC stock change under managed grasslands and settlements has been likely a major sink and source of CO2 emission at country-scale, respectively, validation of SOC stock change under these land-use types, which could not have been accomplished due to limited availability or a lack of measurement, remains a forthcoming challenge.

scholarly journals Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Yasfir Ma'arif ◽  
Teuku Fauzi ◽  
Safrida Safrida
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Results

Abstrak  Pertumbuhan  penduduk dan dinamika pembangunan telah menggeser pemanfaatan lahan yang akhirnya menimbulkan kompleksitas permasalahan lahan yang semula berfungsi sebagai media bercocok tanam (pertanian), berangsur-angsur berubah menjadi multifungsi pemanfaatan. Berubahnya pemanfaatan lahan pertanian ke non pertanian dapat disebut juga sebagai alih fungsi lahan. Kabupaten Aceh Besar adalah salah satu kabupaten yang terus menghadapi permasalahan alih fungsi lahan, khususnya lahan sawah. Alih fungsi lahan ini mengakibatkan luas lahan sawah di Aceh Besar terus menurun. Lahan yang paling banyak mengalami alih fungsi lahan adalah jenis lahan sawah yang menjadi lahan non pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan sawah dan mengidentifikasi dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang dialami petani mantan pemilik lahan akibat alih fungsi lahan sawah menjadi lahan non pertanian. Berdasarkan hasil regresi secara parsial dari analisis regresi faktor harga jual, kebutuhan hidup dan kondisi lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap konversi lahan sawah di  Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Bedasarkan hasil regresi secara serempak dari hasil regresi didapatkan bahwa harga jual, kebutuhan hidup dan kondisi lahan secara serempak mempengaruhi konversi lahan sawah di Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Berdasarkan isu dampak sosial sebagai akibat alih fungsi lahan di lihat dari keinginan kondisi lama, meningkatkan rasa kerjasama dan kekeluargaan, serta kemampuan memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga mendapatkan hasil yang positif dengan nilai ≥ 50%. Berdasarkan isu dampak ekonomi sebagai akibat alih fungsi lahan di lihat dari peningkatan pendapatan mendapatkan hasil yang positif dengan nilai ≥ 50%.Impact Of Paddy Fields Function  On Community Socio-Economic Conditions Of Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar RegencyAbstract  Population growth and the dynamics of development have shifted land use which eventually led to the complexity of the problem of land that used to function as a farming medium (agriculture), gradually becoming a multifunctional use. Changing the use of agricultural land to non-agriculture can also be referred to as land conversion. Aceh Besar District is one of the districts that continues to face the problem of land conversion, especially rice fields. The conversion of this land function has caused the area of paddy fields in Aceh Besar to continue to decline. The land that has experienced the most land use change is the type of rice field that becomes non-agricultural land. This study aims to identify the factors that cause the conversion of paddy fields and identify the social and economic impacts experienced by farmers former landowners due to the conversion of paddy fields to non-agricultural land. Based on the partial regression results from the regression analysis, the factors of selling price, life necessity and land conditions have a significant effect on the conversion of paddy fields in Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar District. Based on the simultaneous regression results from the regression results, it was found that the selling price, life needs and land conditions simultaneously affected the conversion of paddy fields in Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar District. Based on the issue of social impacts as a result of land use change seen from the desires of the old conditions, increasing the sense of cooperation and kinship, as well as the ability to meet family needs get positive results with a value of ≥ 50%. Based on the issue of economic impact as a result of the transfer of land functions, it can be seen from the increase in income that has a positive result with a value of ≥ 50%.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Hydrological Responses to Climate Variability and Land-Use Change in the Hilly-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youcai Kang ◽  
Jianen Gao ◽  
Hui Shao ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
The Loess Plateau

Climate and land-use change are the two main driving forces that affect watershed hydrological processes. Separately assessing their impacts on hydrology is important for land-use planning and water resource management. In this research, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and statistical methods were applied to evaluate the effects of climate and land-use change on surface hydrology in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that surface runoff and soil water presented a downward tendency, while evapotranspiration (ET) presented an upward tendency in the Yanhe watershed from 1982 to 2012. Climate is one the dominant factors that influence surface runoff, especially in flooding periods. The average contribution rate of surface runoff on stream flow accounted for 55%, of which the flooding period accounted for 40%. The runoff coefficient declined by 0.21 after 2002 with the land-use change of cropland transformed to grassland and forestland. The soil water exhibited great fluctuation along the Yanhe watershed. In the upstream region, the land-use was the driving force to decline soil water, which reduced the soil water by 51%. Along the spatial distribution, it converted from land-use change to climate variability from northwest to southeast. The ET was more sensitive to land-use change than climate variability in all sub-basins, and increased by 209% with vegetation restoration. To prevent the ecosystem degradation and maintain the inherent ecological functions of rivers, quantitative assessment the influence of climate variability and land-use change on hydrology is of great importance. Such evaluations can provide insight into the extent of land use/cover change on regional water balance and develop appropriate watershed management strategies on the Loess Plateau.

Responses of Soil Micro-Food Web to Land Use Change from Upland to Paddy Fields with Different Years of Rice Cultivation

Pedosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying LÜ ◽  
Wei BAI ◽  
Xuefeng WANG ◽  
Qian CAI ◽  
Wenju LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields

Responses of seasonal and diurnal soil CO2 effluxes to land-use change from paddy fields to Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) stands

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yongfu Li ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Peikun Jiang ◽  
Guomo Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Phyllostachys Praecox

scholarly journals Influence of future climate and cropland expansion on isoprene emissions and tropospheric ozone

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Squire ◽  
A. T. Archibald ◽  
N. L. Abraham ◽  
D. J. Beerling ◽  
C. N. Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Over the 21st century, changes in CO2 levels, climate and land use are expected to alter the global distribution of vegetation, leading to changes in trace gas emissions from plants, including, importantly, the emissions of isoprene. This, combined with changes in anthropogenic emissions, has the potential to impact tropospheric ozone levels, which above a certain level are harmful to animals and vegetation. In this study we use a biogenic emissions model following the empirical parameterisation of the MEGAN model, with vegetation distributions calculated by the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (SDGVM) to explore a range of potential future (2095) changes in isoprene emissions caused by changes in climate (including natural land use changes), land use, and the inhibition of isoprene emissions by CO2. From the present-day (2000) value of 467 Tg C yr−1, we find that the combined impact of these factors could cause a net decrease in isoprene emissions of 259 Tg C yr−1 (55%) with individual contributions of +78 Tg C yr−1 (climate change), −190 Tg C yr−1 (land use) and −147 Tg C yr−1 (CO2 inhibition). Using these isoprene emissions and changes in anthropogenic emissions, a series of integrations is conducted with the UM-UKCA chemistry-climate model with the aim of examining changes in ozone over the 21st century. Globally, all combined future changes cause a decrease in the tropospheric ozone burden of 27 Tg (7%) from 379 Tg in the present-day. At the surface, decreases in ozone of 6–10 ppb are calculated over the oceans and developed northern hemispheric regions, due to reduced NOx transport by PAN and reductions in NOx emissions in these areas respectively. Increases of 4–6 ppb are calculated in the continental tropics due to cropland expansion in these regions, increased CO2 inhibition of isoprene emissions, and higher temperatures due to climate change. These effects outweigh the decreases in tropical ozone caused by increased tropical isoprene emissions with climate change. Our land use change scenario consists of cropland expansion, which is most pronounced in the tropics. The tropics are also where land use change causes the greatest increases in ozone. As such there is potential for increased crop exposure to harmful levels of ozone. However, we find that these ozone increases are still not large enough to raise ozone to such damaging levels.

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