scholarly journals Emergy-Based Evaluation of Changes in Agrochemical Residues on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhong Wang ◽  
Yili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Structure Factor ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Productivity Factor ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Study of changes in agrochemical residues on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is necessary for the agricultural green development of the fragile plateau and its downstream regions. The total agrochemical residue (TR) caused by main agrochemical inputs was estimated in the study area of Qinghai province and the Tibet Autonomous Region over 1995–2017 by using the emergy synthesis method. The total agrochemical residue was decomposed into the intensity factor, the structure factor, the productivity factor, and the labour factor by using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method. The change in TR could be divided into four time periods, i.e., a rapidly increasing period during 1995–1998, a stable period during 1999–2004, a slowly increasing period during 2005–2011, and a fluctuant period during 2012–2017. The study area had a mean TR intensity in area (TRA) of 3.31 × 1014 sej/ha, which was only 38.21% of that in China; however, the annual growth rate of TRA in the study area was 2.93%, higher than the rate of 1.91% in China over 1995–2017. The study area had a mean TR intensity in production (TRP) of 4.06 × 1010 sej/CNY (Chinese Yuan), which was 71.05% of that in China; however, the annual decreasing rate of TRP in the study area was 0.95%, lower than the rate of 1.98% in China over 1995–2017. All the LMDI decomposed factors contributed to the TR increase during 1995–1998; the intensity factor, the structure factor, and the labour factor contributed to the TR decrease during 1999–2004; the structure factor and the productivity factor contributed to the TR increase during 2005–2011; and only the productivity factor contributed to the TR increase during 2012–2017. Compared with the whole country, the study area has more potential to reduce TR by improving agrochemical use efficiency, strengthening the recovery of plastic film residue, increasing organic agricultural materials, raising the efficiency of agricultural production, and accelerating the transfer of rural labours to secondary and tertiary industries.

scholarly journals Mapping Changing Population Distribution on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau since 2000 with Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing and Point-of-Interest Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4059
Author(s):  
Lanhui Li ◽  
Yili Zhang ◽  
Linshan Liu ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
Huamin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Advanced developments have been achieved in urban human population estimation, however, there is still a considerable research gap for the mapping of remote rural populations. In this study, based on demographic data at the town-level, multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing data, and local population-sensitive point-of-interest (POI) data, we tailored a random forest-based dasymetric approach to map population distribution on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) for 2000, 2010, and 2016 with a spatial resolution of 1000 m. We then analyzed the temporal and spatial change of this distribution. The results showed that the QTP has a sparse population distribution overall; in large areas of the northern QTP, the population density is zero, accounting for about 14% of the total area of the QTP. About half of the QTP showed a rapid increase in population density between 2000 and 2016, mainly located in the eastern and southern parts of Qinghai Province and the central-eastern parts of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Regarding the relative importance of variables in explaining population density, the variables “Distance to Temples” is the most important, followed by “Density of Villages” and “Elevation”. Furthermore, our new products exhibited higher accuracy compared with five recently released gridded population density datasets, namely WorldPop, Gridded Population of the World version 4, and three national gridded population datasets for China. Both the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) for our products were about half of those of the compared products except for WorldPop. This study provides a reference for using fine-scale demographic count and local population-sensitive POIs to model changing population distribution in remote rural areas.

scholarly journals Report on the 19th international symposium on geo-disaster reduction/high-level academic forum on disaster mitigation and integrated risk defense on the Plateau, 12–15 July 2021, Xining, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenggui Liu ◽  
Guolong Zhu ◽  
Fawu Wang
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Joint Event ◽  
High Level ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractThe joint event of 19th International Symposium on Geo-disaster Reduction (19ISGdR) and High-Level Academic Forum on Disaster Mitigation and Integrated Risk Defense on the Plateau was held on 11–15 July in Xining, Qinghai Province, China, focusing on the theme of “Geological disaster and integrated risk defense”. This event consisted of keynote lectures, invited lectures, and Youth forum, which provided a platform for scientists, industrial professionals and young scholars to share their research progress and exchange novel ideas on geo-disaster reduction in a hybrid way of offline and online. A post-symposium field trip for three days was also conducted in the joint area between Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Loess plateau.

scholarly journals Diversity of Culturable Bacteria Isolated from Highland Barley Cultivation Soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
HU PAN ◽  
JIE ZHOU ◽  
ZHUOMA DAWA ◽  
YANNA DAI ◽  
YIFAN ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Novel Taxa ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Highland Barley

The soil bacterial communities have been widely investigated. However, there has been little study of the bacteria in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially about the culturable bacteria in highland barley cultivation soil. Here, a total of 830 individual strains were obtained at 4°C and 25°C from a highland barley cultivation soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, using fifteen kinds of media. Seventy-seven species were obtained, which belonged to 42 genera and four phyla; the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (68.82%), followed by Proteobacteria (15.59%), Firmicutes (14.29%), and Bacteroidetes (1.30%). The predominant genus was Streptomyces (22.08%, 17 species), followed by Bacillus (6.49%, five species), Micromonospora (5.19%, four species), Microbacterium (5.19%, four species), and Kribbella (3.90%, three species). The most diverse isolates belonged to a high G+C Gram-positive group; in particular, the Streptomyces genus is a dominant genus in the high G+C Gram-positive group. There were 62 species and 33 genera bacteria isolated at 25°C (80.52%), 23 species, and 18 genera bacteria isolated at 4°C (29.87%). Meanwhile, only eight species and six genera bacteria could be isolated at 25°C and 4°C. Of the 77 spe¬cies, six isolates related to six genera might be novel taxa. The results showed abundant bacterial species diversity in the soil sample from the Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region.

Tannin-degrading bacteria with cellulase activity isolated from the cecum of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Bobrov ◽  
Vasiliy D. Kravchenko ◽  
Günter C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannin ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Plateau Zokor

Tannins, which are polyphenols present in various plants, have anti-nutritional activity; however, their negative effects are mitigated by the presence of tannin-degrading microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. This has never been investigated in the plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) – the predominant small herbivore in the alpine meadow ecosystem of Qinghai Province, China – which consumes tannin-rich herbaceous plants. Tannase activity in the feces of the plateau zokor increased from June to August corresponding to the increase in hydrolyzable tannin concentrations in plants during this period, and three tannin-degrading facultative anaerobic strains (designated as E1, E2, and E3) were isolated from the cecum of these animals. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene identified isolates of strain E1 as belonging to the genusEnterococcus, and E2 and E3 to the genusBacillus. All of the bacteria had cellulose-degrading capacity. This study provides the first evidence of symbiotic bacterial strains that degrade tannic acid and cellulose in the cecum of plateau zokor.

scholarly journals Optimizing livestock carrying capacity for wild ungulate-livestock coexistence in a Qinghai-Tibet Plateau grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueheng Ren ◽  
Yanpeng Zhu ◽  
Davide Baldan ◽  
Mengdi Fu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractWild ungulates are an important part of terrestrial ecosystems and play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem health and integrity. In many grassland ecosystems that are habituated by wild ungulates, the coexistence of domestic ungulates has created a conflict over grazing resources. Solving this conflict requires a balanced and sustainable policy that satisfies both the needs of wildlife protection and food production. Here, we assess the optimal grassland livestock carrying capacity of an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, given the coexistence of wild populations of kiangs (Equus kiang) and Tibetan gazelles (Procapra picticaudata), two key species grazing in this region. We use kriging and the MaxEnt method to estimate the population sizes of kiangs and Tibetan gazelles in Maduo County, Qinghai Province. We then convert the estimated population size of the two species into sheep units and calculate the residual carrying capacity for livestock grazing. We show that after accounting for the grazing need for kiangs and Tibetan gazelles, grassland in Maduo is capable of supporting 420,641 sheep units, which is slightly more than the current livestock population. However, the residual carrying capacity is highly uneven across the region, and overgrazing is found in many areas of Maduo, especially in northern Maduo. This research provides a useful framework for planning sustainable livestock farming for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other regions facing wildlife-livestock conflict.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 on the Qinghai plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiqi Xi ◽  
Ma Zhuo ◽  
Jingtao Dai ◽  
Yuehe Ding ◽  
Xiuzhen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, a series of confirmed cases of COVID-19 were found on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. We aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of all confirmed cases in Qinghai, a province at high altitude. With efficient measures to stop the spread of coronavirus, no new cases were found in Qinghai Province for 60 consecutive days between Feb 6 and April 6, 2020. Of all 18 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15 patients comprising 4 transmission clusters were identified. Three patients were infected by direct contact without travel history to Wuhan. Seven patients were asymptomatic on admission. Of 18 patients, 10 patients showed bilateral pneumonia and 2 patients showed no abnormalities. Three patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, liver diseases or diabetes developed severe illness. High C-reactive protein levels and elevations of both ALT and AST were observed in 3 severely ill patients on admission. All 18 patients were eventually discharged, including the 3 severe patients who recovered after treatment with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, convalescent plasma and other therapies. Our findings confirmed human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clusters. The strategies of early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment are important to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and improve the cure rate. Patients with comorbidities are more likely to develop severe illness and could benefit from convalescent plasma transfusion.

scholarly journals NDVI Variations and Its Responses to hydrothermal process in the Naqu River Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-Alpine Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Dengming Yan ◽  
Shaoming Peng ◽  
Xingchen Ding ◽  
Zhilei Yu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Melting Period ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Extensive studies have been conducted over the whole year and various seasons to characterize the temporal and spatial changes in vegetation NDVI. However, there are few studies on the variations of NDVI in different soil hydrothermal processes of the alpine region. So we studied the spatial-temporal variation of vegetation cover and its responses to hydrothermal process in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-alpine region. Based on the GIMMS NDVI remote sensing images from 1982 to 2015, the temporal and spatial variations of NDVI in the Naqu river basin at different time scales were studied by using maximum synthesis method, and the linear regression. Results show that the vegetation has an overall degradation trend in the Naqu river basin, with primarily moderate and mild degradation degrees. Completely freezing period, completely melting period and freezing process period are the main vegetation degradation periods.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongcai He ◽  
Wangkai Chen ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Yaoping Wei ◽  
Ruishan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract Background Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria are tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) that affect livestock worldwide. However, information on these pathogens in yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China, is limited. In this study, Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infections were assessed in yaks and Tibetan sheep from Qinghai Province. Methods A total of 734 blood samples were collected from 425 yaks and 309 Tibetan sheep at nine sampling sites. Standard or nested polymerase chain reaction was employed to screen all the blood samples using species- or genus-specific primers. Results The results showed that 14.1% (60/425) of yaks and 79.9% (247/309) of Tibetan sheep were infected with at least one pathogen. Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma capra, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia bovis and Theileria spp. were detected in this study, with total infection rates for all the assessed animals of 22.1% (162/734), 16.3% (120/734), 23.6% (173/734), 8.2% (60/734), 2.7% (20/734) and 19.3% (142/734), respectively. For yaks, the infection rate of A. bovis was 6.4% (27/425), that of B. bovis was 4.7% (20/425) and that of Theileria spp. was 3.3% (14/425). Moreover, 52.4% (162/309) of the Tibetan sheep samples were infected with A. ovis, 30.1% (93/309) with A. bovis, 56.0% (173/309) with A. capra, 19.4% (60/309) with A. phagocytophilum and 41.4% (128/309) with Theileria spp. Conclusions This study revealed the prevalence of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in yaks and Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province, China, and provides new data for a better understanding of the epidemiology of TBPs in these animals in this area of the QTP, China. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals The Dynamic Analysis and Comparison of Emergy Ecological Footprint for the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: A Case Study of Qinghai Province and Tibet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Wenlong Li ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Wenying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is experiencing rapid urbanization and ecological degradation, which have led to unsustainable development. It is urgent to conduct a scientifically rigorous study to evaluate its sustainability. Emergy ecological footprint (EEF) is a new modification of ecological footprint based on ecological thermodynamics. This study applied a modified EEF model and three indicators to analyze the sustainability using data collected from Tibet and Qinghai Province during 1995 to 2014. The grey model (GM) was applied to simulate and predict the ecological status of Qinghai and Tibet. Results showed that: (1) the emergy ecological footprint and ecological deficit of Qinghai province increased in general from 1995 to 2014, while Tibet was still sustainable during this period despite the fact that its ecological surplus decreased; (2) the three sustainability indicators indicate that Qinghai and Tibet are moving away from sustainability; (3) the ecological deficit of Qinghai will keep increasing and the ecological surplus of Tibet will keep decreasing from 2015 to 2024. Finally, several suggestions were proposed to protect the local environment and restore ecological functions in these regions.

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