scholarly journals Comparative Investigation of the Effect of Recycled Fine Aggregate from New and Old Construction Wastes in C-25 Concrete in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7116
Author(s):  
Lucy Feleke Nigussie ◽  
Muge Mukaddes Darwish ◽  
Tewodros Ghebrab
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Recycled Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregates

Wherever there are construction activities, there is waste generation. In Ethiopia, the popular material for wall construction is a hollow concrete block that can be broken on the production site or the construction site during loading and unloading and is also found abundantly in demolished buildings. This research aimed at searching for alternative construction materials through recycling and examined the properties of recycled fine aggregate from demolished (old) and construction (new) hollow concrete block (HCB) wastes. The study examined the effect of the recycled HCB on fresh and hardened C-25 concrete properties and the possible replacement percentage of river sand by those recycled fine aggregates. The research also examined the comparative properties of the two recycled fine aggregates. The replacement percentage was in steps of 25%, starting from 25% up to 100%, and 0% represented the reference mix. In general, the recycled fine aggregate exhibited relatively lower physical properties than natural river sand but satisfied the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard requirements. The demolished recycled fine aggregate (DRFA) had slightly lower physical properties than the construction recycled fine aggregate (CRFA). The properties of fresh and hardened concrete were decreased as percentage replacement of DRFA and CRFA increased. The optimum percentage replacement of river sand by recycled fine aggregate was between 50% to 75% but was much closer to 75% for that of recycled from construction (new) and closer to 50% for that of recycled from demolished (old) HCB. Recycling wastes can reduce environmental impact due to sand mining and waste disposal as well as partially conserve the natural resource depletion.

scholarly journals GGBS based alkali activated fine aggregate in concrete - Properties at fresh and hardened state

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
G. Lizia Thankam ◽  
T.R. Neelakantan ◽  
S. Christopher Gnanaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Fine Aggregates

Abstract Scarcity of the construction materials, peculiarly the natural river sand has become a serious threat in the construction industry. Though many researchers of developed and developing countries are trying to find alternative sources for the same, the complete replacement of the fine aggregate in concrete is crucial. Geopolymer sand developed from the Industrial waste (Ground granulated blast furnace slag - GGBS) is an effective alternative for the complete replacement of the natural sand. The GGBS based geopolymer sand (G-GFA) was tested for physical and chemical properties. Upon the successful achievement of the properties in par with the natural river sand, the fresh properties (fresh concrete density & slump) and hardened properties (compressive strength, tensile strength & flexural strength) of the concrete specimens developed with G-GFA were studied. The G-GFA is obtained by both air drying (AD-G-GFA) and oven drying (OD-F-GFA) after the dry mixing of the alkaline solution and GGBS for about 10 min. Thus, developed fine aggregates were studied separately for the fresh and hardened concrete to optimize the feasible one. Superplasticizer of 0.4% is included in the concrete mix to compensate the sightly hydrophilic nature of the fine aggregates produced. The mechanical properties of the concrete with G-GFA are observed to be more than 90% close to that of the concrete developed with natural river sand. Thus, both the fresh and mechanical properties of the G-GFA concrete specimens resulted in findings similar to those of the control specimen developed with natural river sand reflecting the plausibility of G-GFA as a complete replacement choice to the fine aggregate in the concrete industry. The flaky GGBS particles merge well with the alkaline solution at room temperature itself since the former gets dried at elevated temperatures. Thus, more feasible fresh concrete properties and mechanical properties were recorded for the AD-G-GFA than the OD-G-GFA.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation on The Mechanical Behaviour of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Ferrous Slag as A Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate

2019 ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
G. R. Ravikanth ◽  
D. Mohammed Rafi ◽  
Dr. C. Ramachandrudu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Polypropylene Fibre ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres

Globally construction industry has enormous growth year by year. This leads to increase the need for construction materials. We are taking the materials from natural resources because of this natural resource depletion occurs at a faster rate. Also, this affects the environment. Cement production leads to higher amount of CO2 emission similarly depletion in river sand leads to ground water problems. So we have to find some alternate materials to conserve the earth for next generation. The faster industrial growth generates large amount of industrial wastes. Industrial waste material management is such a challenging area. Handling and disposal of industrial waste is a big issue for every country around the world. Ferrous slag is considered as an industrial waste which is obtained from iron smelting process. To minimize the environmental problems ferrous slag is used in concrete as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. Using Polypropylene fibre we can increase the tensile strength of concrete. Mainly polypropylene fibre resists the micro plastic shrinkage cracks. Here polypropylene fibres added as micro reinforcement. But not much research has been carried out to study the combined behaviour of ferrous slag and Polypropylene fibre. The percentages of replacements of sand by granulated ferrous slag are 0%, 20%, & 50% and also the fibre dosage is maintained as constant 0.5% of cement. This research focused on the combined behaviour of ferrous slag and polypropylene fibre in study strength and transport properties.

scholarly journals Engineering and Manufacturing Technology of Green Epoxy Resin Coatings Modified with Recycled Fine Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Krzywiński ◽  
Łukasz Sadowski ◽  
Damian Stefaniuk ◽  
Aleksei Obrosov ◽  
Sabine Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Recycled Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

AbstractNowadays, the recycled fine aggregate sourced from construction and demolition waste is not frequently used in manufacturing of epoxy resin coatings. Therefore, the main novelty of the article is to prepare green epoxy resin coatings modified with recycled fine aggregate in a replacement ratio of natural fine aggregate ranged from 20 to 100%. The microstructural properties of the aggregates and epoxy resin were analyzed using micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The macroscopic mechanical properties were examined using pull-off strength tests. The highest improvement of the mechanical properties was observed for epoxy resin coatings modified with 20% of natural fine aggregate and 80% of recycled fine aggregate. It has been found that even 100% of natural fine aggregate can be successfully replaced using the recycled fine aggregate with consequent improvement of the pull-off strength of analyzed epoxy resin coatings. In order to confirm the assumptions resulting from the conducted research, an original analytical and numerical failure model proved the superior behavior of modified coating was developed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of fine aggregates from the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani River, central Nepal for mortar and concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ajay Babu Nayaju ◽  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Lesser Himalayas

Huge amounts of construction materials are required to fulfill construction works, which are being undertaken by local and Government levels. In this regard, searching for good quality construction materials is a tough job. The Budhi Gandaki-Narayani River is rich in carrying natural fine aggregates from the Higher and the Lesser Himalayas, which are extensively exposed along its bank. Currently ongoing and future hydro power projects, will require a tremendous amount of fine aggregates. In light of this, the present study was made to evaluate fine aggregates of the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani River. The gradation curves of fine aggregates from this river varied from well graded to uniform graded. Compositional analysis shows that quartz is dominant over other minerals. Rock fragments are composed of gneiss, schist, quartzite, metasandstone, phyllite, shale, granite, etc. Deleterious materials excluding organic matter range from 0.3 % to 1.5 % and organic matter present in range from 0.57 % to 1.11 %. The trend of presence of inorganic deleterious material and organic matter is increasing towards southern segments of the river, but they remain below 2%. Mean roundness of particles ranges from 1.88 to 2.54. Bulk dry density of fine aggregate is below 2 gm/cm³. Similarly, the specific gravity ranges between 1.49 and 1.79. Fineness modulus ranges between 1.36 and 3.50 showing that, coarse, medium, fine and very fine sediments are distributed along the stretch of river. Water absorption value of fine aggregate ranges from 0.48 % to 2.87 %. When using fine aggregates from southern segments of the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani River, reduction of mica and beneficiation process will enhance and provide better result for smooth plastering, rendering and screeding.

scholarly journals Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warati ◽  
Darwish ◽  
Feyessa ◽  
Ghebrab
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Concrete Production

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.

scholarly journals Durability and Shrinkage Characteristics of Self-Compacting Concretes Containing Recycled Coarse and/or Fine Aggregates

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gesoglu ◽  
Erhan Güneyisi ◽  
Hatice Öznur Öz ◽  
Mehmet Taner Yasemin ◽  
Ihsan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Restrained Shrinkage ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Recycled Fine Aggregate ◽  
Restrained Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Fine Aggregates

This paper addresses durability and shrinkage performance of the self-compacting concretes (SCCs) in which natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and/or natural fine aggregate (NFA) were replaced by recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and/or recycled fine aggregate (RFA), respectively. A total of 16 SCCs were produced and classified into four series, each of which included four mixes designed with two water to binder (w/b) ratios of 0.3 and 0.43 and two silica fume replacement levels of 0 and 10%. Durability properties of SCCs were tested for rapid chloride penetration, water sorptivity, gas permeability, and water permeability at 56 days. Also, drying shrinkage accompanied by the water loss and restrained shrinkage of SCCs were monitored over 56 days of drying period. Test results revealed that incorporating recycled coarse and/or fine aggregates aggravated the durability properties of SCCs tested in this study. The drying shrinkage and restrained shrinkage cracking of recycled aggregate (RA) concretes had significantly poorer performance than natural aggregate (NA) concretes. The time of cracking greatly prolonged as the RAs were used along with the increase in water/binder ratio.

Influence of Recycled Aggregate on the Rheological Behavior of Cement Mortar

2014 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Lopes Lima ◽  
Romildo Dias Toledo Filho ◽  
Otávio da Fonseca Martins Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Recycled Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Physical Tests

In this work it was studied the influence of recycled fine aggregate obtained from construction and demolition waste (CDW) on the rheological properties of Portland cement mortars. The CDW was initially separate in their main constituents (mortar, ceramic and concrete debris) at the laboratory and then grinded separately to the sand size in order to generate more homogeneous fine aggregates. The characterization of the natural and recycled sands was carried out through physical tests, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and image analysis (shape and texture description parameters). A conventional mortar and three mortars containing recycled sands were produced with a sand/cement ratio of 4 and consistency index of 255±5 mm. The consistency was kept constant by ranging the water-cement ratio from 0.58 to 1.14. The rheological study was performed using a rotating viscometer to obtain torque-rotation ratio and to calculate the yield stress and plastic viscosity. The results indicate that the presence of recycled aggregate causes a lowering of both yield stress and plastic viscosity with respect to the mortar containing natural aggregate.

scholarly journals Performance of Concrete with Waste Plastics and M-Sand as Replacement for Fine Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1669
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Territorial Government

In recent days, there is an intense need for an alternate cost effective and sustainable raw material for concrete which does not make the structure inferior in strength. An experimental study on the utilization of the waste plastic and M-sand in the place of river sand and aggregate partially was performed in paper. In the scenario of scarcity of river sand due to the territorial government action and restriction of usage because of the eco and environmental consideration, M-Sand is found to be an effective replacement and cost effective material. Concrete specimens were casted with combination of M-sand and plastic waste with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and compared against control mix. Cube test for compressive strength study, cylinder test for split tensile strength study and prism test for flexural strength study were done with the proposed concert mixture. All the specimens and tests were done for different curing period of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results obtained from the proposed mix of concrete are compared with the conventional concrete mix specimen respectively. The replacement of fine aggregates reduces the quantity of river sand to be used in concrete and also plastic fibres are proved to be more economical. Positive performance of the concrete with waste plastic and M-Sand as partial replacement of river sand was observed on all the experiments and found optimal in sustainable and economical performance.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT OF FINE AGGREGATES FROM DIBDIBBA FORMATION AT TAR AL-SAYED IN KARBALA (MIDDLE OF IRAQ) AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2D) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
khaled Alhadad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Gypsum Content ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Construction Works

This research deals with assessing fine aggregate (sand) properties as construction materials, that were collected from the Dibdibba Formation at Tar AL-Sayed, Karbala, Iraq, in mortar, concrete, tiles, thermo-stone, solid, hollow masonry blocks and cement paste. Physical tests were carried out on five samples, the moisture content, specific gravity, density of both bulk, dry and porosity were almost varied. The tested samples show that they are unsuitable for all types of concrete, tiles types, thermo-stone and cement masonry block in terms of grain size in all fractions except that of 4.75 mm and 2.36 mm. Later all samples were treated by washing using fresh water, fine clean sand was added in an attempt to form a convenient type for all construction works. The total dissolved solids (1.67– 4.53%), gypsum content (0.64–2.13%), organic matters (0.71 – 2.01%), Cl- (0.11 – 0.81%) and pH (7.51 – 7.91) are ranged within the global standards (ASTM, USCS, BS, and IQS). Quartz is predominated mineral, albite and gypsum are of moderate abundance, whereas mica and calcite occurred as traces.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce concrete for building constructions. The rapid increase in building constructions and the demand for natural aggregates has resulted in depletion natural resources at an alarming rate. Uncontrolled mining activity worsens the situation. Thus serious awareness has been taken into consideration, has to be identified as a potential river sand substitution for fine aggregates replacement in concrete. For this review, utilizing recycled material are described as a fine aggregate replacement to river sand, particularly recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. Recycled PET Bottles are categorized as nonbiodegradable waste materials which are injurious to health. Recycled PET bottles in concrete are economical and help in reducing disposal problems. Recycled PET bottles are pondered as the best eco-friendly alternative not only for resolving the problem of disposal but as a new construction material for concrete

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