scholarly journals Mapping Heat Stress Vulnerability and Risk Assessment at the Neighborhood Scale to Drive Urban Adaptation Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Maragno ◽  
Michele Dalla Fontana ◽  
Francesco Musco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
The City

Climate change is one of the most complex issues of the 21st century, and even though there is general consensus about the urgency of taking action at the city level, the planning and implementation of adaptation measures is advancing slowly. The lack of data and information to support the planning process is often mentioned as a factor hampering the adaptation processes in cities. In this paper, we developed and tested a methodology for heat stress vulnerability and risk assessment at the neighborhood scale to support designers, planners, and decision makers in developing and implementing adaptation strategies and measures at the local level. The methodology combines high-resolution spatial information and crowdsourcing geospatial data to develop sensitivity, adaptive capacity, vulnerability, exposure, and risk indicators. The methodology is then tested on the urban fabric of the city of Padova, Italy. Our results show that different vulnerability and risk values correspond to different typologies of urban areas. Furthermore, the possibility of combining high-resolution information provided by the indicators and land use categories is of great importance to support the adaptation planning process. We also argue that the methodology is flexible enough to be applied in different contexts.

scholarly journals Multi-Risk Climate Mapping for the Adaptation of the Venice Metropolitan Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Denis Maragno ◽  
Carlo Federico dall’Omo ◽  
Gianfranco Pozzer ◽  
Francesco Musco
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Climate Adaptation Planning

Climate change risk reduction requires cities to undertake urgent decisions. One of the principal obstacles that hinders effective decision making is insufficient spatial knowledge frameworks. Cities climate adaptation planning must become strategic to rethink and transform urban fabrics holistically. Contemporary urban planning should merge future threats with older and unsolved criticalities, like social inequities, urban conflicts and “drosscapes”. Retrofitting planning processes and redefining urban objectives requires the development of innovative spatial information frameworks. This paper proposes a combination of approaches to overcome knowledge production limits and to support climate adaptation planning. The research was undertaken in collaboration with the Metropolitan City of Venice and the Municipality of Venice, and required the production of a multi-risk climate atlas to support their future spatial planning efforts. The developed tool is a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS), which aids adaptation actions and the coordination of strategies. The model recognises and assesses two climate impacts: Urban Heat Island and Flooding, representing the Metropolitan City of Venice (CMVE) as a case study in complexity. The model is composed from multiple assessment methodologies and maps both vulnerability and risk. The atlas links the morphological and functional conditions of urban fabrics and land use that triggers climate impacts. The atlas takes the exposure assessment of urban assets into account, using this parameter to describe local economies and social services, and map the uneven distribution of impacts. The resulting tool is therefore a replicable and scalable mapping assessment able to mediate between metropolitan and local level planning systems.

Governance Capacity of the City of Niš, Serbia, in the Spatial Planning Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 0739456X1984456
Author(s):  
Milica Maksić
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The City

The basic objective of this paper is to research the capacity of local-level governance in Serbia to transform spatial planning practices. The analysis was performed on the case study of the City of Niš, where besides the presence of formal planning instruments, new informal governance practices have emerged. The governance of spatial development was analyzed in relation to three ideal governance models: hierarchy, market, and network, and four planning models: the comprehensive planning model, the negotiative planning model, the neoliberal model, and the collaborative model. The strengths and weaknesses of the institutional and planning framework are defined, and recommendations for improvement are given.

The Value of Drones for Bespoke Local Flood Risk Assessment in the Licungo Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Andrew Manalili ◽  
Guy Schumann ◽  
Lara Prades ◽  
Sophia Rosa ◽  
Domingos Reane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Response Planning

<p>Floods and their impacts are highly local in nature and vulnerable population and exposed assets are most at risk in coastal monsoonal regions. This is aggravated if the region is also exposed to tropical cyclones, such as Mozambique and the Licungo basin along the eastern coastline of the country.</p><p>In order to be better prepared against future high-impact flood events, Mozambique’s National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) has mapped the watershed of the country’s central Licungo River with drones to reduce flood risks and improve emergency response planning. The mapping is intended to “minimize risks” and promote timely preparation of actions when cyclones and floods are expected in the area.</p><p>In the proposed project, the acquired drone terrain model and collected field data (water levels) will be used to drive a bespoke localized 2-D flood model to accurately reproduce flood hazard and risk in the central Licungo basin for the 2013 and 2015 flood disasters. In addition, high-resolution population and exposure layers have been used to define bespoke local flood risk maps.</p><p>Accurate flood risk assessment of past events at the local scale can better inform decision support systems and facilitate the decision-making process and preparedness for future high-impact events. Knowing who is at risk where and when is vital information that is missing in many vulnerable regions and is most of the time not available at the required local level.</p><p>Moreover, global or large-scale flood prediction models do not contain the necessary detail to infer meaningful flood risk at the local level and such models are known to be inaccurate, albeit they represent best efforts at the scales they are simulating. However, to what degree these models are wrong at the local scale of impact and what is needed to improve them is not known, largely because local flood data and bespoke predictions of flood risk are missing at the local scale for many vulnerable regions. The collected high-resolution data and the local flood risk assessment this project proposes would allow the validation of large-scale modeling efforts thereby advancing our understanding of model limitations and would create opportunities to improve them at large scales.</p>

scholarly journals Ilha do Medo: proposta de uma nova opção de produto turístico para a cidade de São Luís (MA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Ribeiro Dos Santos ◽  
Paloma Araújo Pinto ◽  
Protásio Cézar dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
The City

O estudo apresenta uma proposta de um novo produto turístico (Ilha do Medo) para a cidade de São Luís (MA), ressaltando a inserção de melhorias para que assim, o mesmo possa ser inserido no portfólio oferecido pela atividade, assim como suas peculiaridades e a interação entre as diversas variáveis que a integram. Como metodologia de desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizou-se a bibliográfica e a documental, além de observação direta e visitas in loco, que resultaram em diagnóstico e avaliação das condições do atrativo. Avaliou-se a necessidade de planejamento do turismo, com ênfase no turismo comunitário como uma maneira de qualificar o atrativo a ser formatado a nível local além da metodologia do processo de planejamento. Como resultado, apresenta-se uma proposta inovadora para o atrativo, como nova opção de produto turístico para São Luís. Ilha do Medo: proposal of a new tourism product option for the city of São Luís (MA, Brazil) ABSTRACT The study presents a proposal for a new tourism product (Ilha do Medo) for the city of São Luís (MA, Brazil), emphasizing the inclusion of improvements to it so it can be inserted into the portfolio offered by the activity, as well as its peculiarities and the interaction between the variables belonging to it. The methodology of research development, we used the literature and documents, direct observation and site visits, which resulted in the diagnosis and assessment of the conditions of the appeal. Assesses the need for tourism planning, with emphasis on community tourism as a way to qualify the appeal to be formatted at the local level beyond the methodology of the planning process. As a result, we present an innovative proposal for attractive option as a new tourism product for São Luís. KEYWORDS: Tourism Product; Ilha do Medo; Tourism Planning.

scholarly journals Context-Based Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment in Birmingham, Alabama

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9426
Author(s):  
Jimmy Hilley ◽  
Sunhui Sim
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
The City

Sustainability assessment is widely used to monitor public policy toward sustainable development (SD). However, such tools have been less developed at the local level. This research examined sustainability indicators (SIs) applied at the neighborhood scale. The indicators were developed by examination of previously developed sustainability rating systems and issues specific to the City of Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The indicators of Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment (NSA) systems addressed the three major dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social. The rating system was applied to all neighborhoods, and geographical patterns were analyzed. The ability to analyze the sustainability of all neighborhoods within the city provides information on which areas are performing well and which areas need more attention to become more sustainable.

scholarly journals Local development strategies without strategic thinking: Lost in between politicians' games, administrations' rigidity and planner's depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-400
Author(s):  
Danijela Milovanović-Rodić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Strategic Planning Process ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
The City

A large number of different strategies at the central, regional and local level have been done in the last decade in Serbia. Studies on their quality show that quite a number of strategic documents meet the standards in their form, but in terms of the content, they do not have a clear strategy and strategic projects, they overlap and are poorly intercoordinated. The paper identifies and discusses the stages and steps in the strategic planning process, that are crucial for formulating long-term sustainable development solutions for a specific territory and the improvement of its citizens' lives. Its main thesis is that the local strategies lack strategic thinking, i. e. that the solutions are not based on its products. Attitudes about the causes of the lack of the strategic in the strategies are illustrated with a specific example: the planning process and the content of the Development strategy of the City of Pančevo.

scholarly journals SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS – A TOOL SUPPORTING GOOD GOVERNANCE IN SPATIAL PLANNING PROCESSES OF GREEN AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin FELTYNOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Information Systems ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Planning Processes

The article presents issues connected with the use of GIS for planning processes of green areas within the city. The main theoretical background of the article is the good governance concept which can be used in planning works with cooperation of local actors. The article shows how the local government can use the geo-survey in the participation processes. The green areas are only the example of the use of this tool in spatial planning processes. The aim of the article is to show how useful can be spatial information systems in the decision-making on the local level and how it supports public participation. Additionally, it has to be indicated that this type of tool can contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of local authorities’ activities in the spatial planning field. The use of these tools contributes to an increase of the level of public participation and to the clarity of the planning process.

scholarly journals From flood risk mapping toward reducing vulnerability: the case of Addis Ababa

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele De Risi ◽  
Fatemeh Jalayer ◽  
Francesco De Paola ◽  
Stefano Carozza ◽  
Nebyou Yonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
The City

Abstract Flood risk maps for the built environment can be obtained by integrating geo-spatial information on hazard, vulnerability and exposure. They provide precious support for strategic urban planning and decision-making. These maps, generated in a probabilistic framework, can consider various sources of uncertainty in the flood risk assessment such as the occurrence of extreme flooding events, future land use and land cover, characteristics of the buildings, and exposure to flooding. This paper investigates how these maps can be used in complicated urban context such as developing countries, where engineers are forced to work with scarce or little data. Specifically, a detailed investigation on the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has been conducted. Although the city of Addis Ababa is undergoing extensive formal housing development, it is most likely that the informal settlements will continue to constitute a significant portion of urban housing landscape in the years to come. Recent research findings and field work from a large project (FP7-CLUVA) are employed in order to provide a quantified basis for decision-making between alternative adaptation strategies for informal buildings in Addis Ababa. Risk maps, obtained by up-scaling more accurate risk assessment results at neighborhood level, are adopted for risk zoning of the urban residential texture within the city. This provides risk-based criteria for both identifying suitable flood adaptation strategies and prioritizing between viable risk mitigation measures.

San Francisco's Vision for the Future: An Integrated Urban Wastewater Management Plan

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Loiacono ◽  
Chu-Fei H. Ho ◽  
Natalie V. Sierra ◽  
Domènec Jolis ◽  
Carolyn Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Watershed ◽  
Aging Infrastructure ◽  
The City

The City and County of San Francisco (“City”) embarked upon a 30-year master planning process in part prompted by public concerns related to the neighbourhood impacts of the Southeast Water Pollution Control Plant (SEP). The Sewer System Master Plan, as it is called, developed a long term Integrated Urban Watershed Management Plan for the City's treatment plants and collection system. This paper focuses on the planning framework and public input to the process, particularly as it relates to proposed changes to the SEP. The resulting improvements address issues of replacing aging infrastructure, eliminating odor emissions, and visually screening the treatment plants that are situated within an urban setting. The recommended project addresses the needed repair of the existing infrastructure; and proposes that the City move towards an integrated urban watershed approach, initially through localized rainwater harvesting and opportunistic water reclamation.

scholarly journals d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Ishii ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Simulations

Abstract A large-ensemble climate simulation database, which is known as the database for policy decision-making for future climate changes (d4PDF), was designed for climate change risk assessments. Since the completion of the first set of climate simulations in 2015, the database has been growing continuously. It contains the results of ensemble simulations conducted over a total of thousands years respectively for past and future climates using high-resolution global (60 km horizontal mesh) and regional (20 km mesh) atmospheric models. Several sets of future climate simulations are available, in which global mean surface air temperatures are forced to be higher by 4 K, 2 K, and 1.5 K relative to preindustrial levels. Nonwarming past climate simulations are incorporated in d4PDF along with the past climate simulations. The total data volume is approximately 2 petabytes. The atmospheric models satisfactorily simulate the past climate in terms of climatology, natural variations, and extreme events such as heavy precipitation and tropical cyclones. In addition, data users can obtain statistically significant changes in mean states or weather and climate extremes of interest between the past and future climates via a simple arithmetic computation without any statistical assumptions. The database is helpful in understanding future changes in climate states and in attributing past climate events to global warming. Impact assessment studies for climate changes have concurrently been performed in various research areas such as natural hazard, hydrology, civil engineering, agriculture, health, and insurance. The database has now become essential for promoting climate and risk assessment studies and for devising climate adaptation policies. Moreover, it has helped in establishing an interdisciplinary research community on global warming across Japan.

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